Section 8 complex sentences with adverbial clauses of cause

Exercise 1 p. 55.

Write out the conjunctions used to join the adverbial clauses of cause and translate sentences 6-10 into Russian.

1) “Oh! I dare say she is crying because she could not go out with Missis in the carriage,” interposed Bessie (ChB).¹2) Write that you decline to support this scheme of hers as you hold it to be a dishonest scheme (Wld). 3) I think he saw the effect he had produced on me for some days afterwards he wrote and asked me to come and see him (Wld).²4) We took our umbrellas, because we were afraid it would rain; for the barometer had been falling for some time (Sw). 5) Mrs.Popply, since you express your regret I suppose there is nothing more to be said (Sh). 6) But I won’t allow that, seeing that it would never suit my case (ChB). 7) Some of old Forsyte’s pictures are going to be lent. Considering he died saving them, they owe it to him (Gls). 8) He took in Irene on the ground that he had not entertained her since she was a bride (Gls). 9) On this occasion the preparations were of a more elaborate nature than usual, owing to the fact that for the past four days Mr.Samuel Griffiths, the husband and father, had been absent (Dr). 10) Don’t say: “I arrived in Chicago…” Note “arrive at” is correct, for the reason that the city is regarded for the time being, as a mere point (Bk).

Exercise 2 p. 56.

Analyse the order of clauses and say whether the position of the adverbial clause joined by different conjunctions is free or fixed.

1) He killed her because she loved Sam du Plesis (Ab). 2) He had met a few – not so many as yet – nice people here, since he hadn’t been here so very long himself – four months all told (Dr). 3) She made no reply, for she rarely spoke, husbanding her aged voice (Gls). 4) Since she had locked her doors she had no further claim as a wife and he could console himself with other women (Gls). 5) He looked suspiciously about him, for the men were conversing in groups, and he feared to be the subject of their talk (CD). 6) Of course, as you didn’t turn up this morning, I very nearly said yes (Wld). 7) They did not say anything because they were asleep (Ald).

Exercise 3 p. 56.

Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions because, for, since and as.

1) He refused to take money … he couldn’t give any guarantees that the treatment would help (C). 2) And … I am married and childless, I wish to adopt her during my life and bequeath her at my death whatever I may have to leave (ChB). 3) If the black man had come alone, they would have protested and made loud remarks, but … there was a white man with him they did not know how to react (Ab). 4) They had come straight from the plants, … the hands that carried the roses were grimed with toil (C). 5) Her father, indeed, was always telling her that she only drank China tea … it was a fashion (Gls). 6) All Chenkin’s relations – and they were numerous, … marriage was common in the valleys – had become welded into a hostile unit (Crn). 7) She had walked some distance, … her shoes were worn to pieces (CD). 8) “Why,” thought I, “does she not explain that she could neither clean her nails nor wash her face, … the water was frozen?” (ChB) 9) He watched and waited, until he feigned a wild rush, which he stopped midway, … he had seen the glint of metal (Lnd). 10) Never had there been so full an assembly, … mysteriously united in spite of all their differences, they had taken arms against a common peril (Gls).