Recommended Reading Obligatory:

1. Arnold I.V. The English Word/ И.В.Арнольд. Лексикология современного английского языка. Изд. 3-е – М.: Высшая школа, 1986. – C. 87–107.

2. Ginzburg R.S., Khidekel S.S., Knyazeva G.Y., Sankin A.A. A Course in Modern English Lexicology – M.: Higher School Publishing House, 1979. – P. 95–114.

3. Смирницкий А.И.. Лексикология английского языка. – М.: Изд-во литературы на иностр. языках, 1959. – С. 102–114.

4. Харитончик З.А. Лексикология английского языка. – Минск: Вышэйшая школа, 1992. С. 149–165.

5. Readings in Modern English Lexicology) C.С. Хидекель, Р.З.Гинзбург, Г.Ю. Князева, А.А.Санкин. Английская лексикология в выдержках и извлечениях. – Л.: Просвещение Ленинградское отделение. 1969.– С. 86–166.

6. Isitt D. Crazic, Menty and Idiotal. An Inquiry into the Use of Suffixes -al, -ic, -ly and -y in Modern English. – In: Texts on English Word Formation. Reader in English Lexicology. – Minsk, 2005. – P.55–68.

Optional:

1. Kastovsky D. Lexical Fields and Word-Formation . – In: Texts on English Word Formation. Reader in English Lexicology. – Minsk, 2005. – P.69 – 76.

2. Lieber R. Morphology and Lexical Semantics . – In: Texts on English Word Formation. Reader in English Lexicology. – Minsk, 2005. – P.169 – 183.

4.3.2 Conversion

Key words: zero derivation, conversion, functional change (shift), root formation, non-affixal word formation, morphological paradigm, direction of derivation, semantic relations. Look up these terms in the glossary or in the sources indicated in the bibliography to the glossary. Compare the definitions given in English and in Russian.

Problems for Discussion

1. Love – to love, to run - a run: A way of derivation or a functional shift?

2. The definition of the derivation device in various theories: zero-derivation, non-affixal word formation, conversion, morphological, syntactic, morphological-syntactic way of word formation.

3. The domain of zero derivation and its results: adjectivization, substantivization, occasional conversion, root formation.

4. Derivative relations in conversion pairs and criteria of their directionality.

5. Semantic relations in conversion pairs and their propositional basis.

Questions and Tasks

1. Сompare the wordforms given below and say morphological paradigms of what words they are members of: (a bottle’s) cork – cork (the bottle), (an initial) step – initial (the memo),(a grey) wig – wig (the actress), (an old) tree – tree (the avenue), ( long) marches – (the soldiers) marched.

2. Compare the following derivative verbs and define the difference in the way they were coined: jail (the prisoner) – imprison (the thief), hospitalize (the patient) – volunteer (the information). Find analogous examples.

3. Analyze the morphemic structure of the following verbs and name the shortcomings of the root formation theory: wallpaper the wall, spraypaint the door, tar-and-feather the prisoner, tea-cosy the pot, sidetrack the detective. Find your own examples of verbs of similar structure.

3. Study the relations between words in the following pairs and say which of them is the basic one and which is derived: rake n – rake v, farm n – farm v, tail n – tail v, bicycle n – bicycle v, show n – show v, answer n – answer v, mature adj – mature v, gossip n – gossip v, wet adj – wet v, clean adj – clean v, drive n – drive v. Name the criteria you have used .

4. Find examples of verbs derived from nouns which have the following types of meaning: cover (as in carpet the floor, varnish the furniture), deprive of cover (as in skin the rabbit, shell the peanuts), locate (as in ground the planes, shelter the fugitives), act as an agent or an experiencer (as in nurse the patient, shepherd the sheep , witness the accident), act as an instrument (nail the board, mouth the words, plane the wood smooth).

5. Define the semantic relations in the following pairs of words: catch v – catch n, rub v – rub n, say v – say n, drive v – drive n, find v – find n, run v – run n, ride v – ride n. Find analogous examples.

6. Analyze the structural and semantic properties of the following words and explain why the formation of verbs on their basis is not welcome: baker, farmer, banker, driver, hospital, Dodge, Ford, spring, fall (autumn), Fourth-of-July, Saturday. Find your own examples of unwelcome verbs and nouns.

7. Analyze the structure and semantics of Russian verbs лопатить, утюжить, партизанить, German nouns Leben, Bad, Gähnen .Find analogous examples in the languages you know and say what type of derivation they represent.