Economy of the u. S.A.

The United States of America is a highly developed industrialized country. Shipbuilding, electronics, automobile industry, aircraft industry, space research are highly developed in the States.

Each region of the United States has characteristics of its own due to¹ the differences in climate, landscape and geographical position.

Great Lakes, Atlantic Coast, Pennsylvania, New Jersy are biggest industrial regions of the country.

The United States has a lot of mineral deposits or resources such as coal, gold, silver, copper, lead and zink. The south, especially Texas is rich in oil. The coalfields of Pennsylvania are rich in coal. There are plenty of² coal mines.

Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska is the richest farming region of America and it is known as the Corn Belt³. The land is fertile⁴ and well watered. They grow mostly corn⁵ and wheat there. Much livestock is also raised⁶ here.

There is a lot of fruit raising area. For example, California oranges, grapefruit, lemons, as well as other fruits, wines and vegetables are shipped all over the States and to other parts of the world. The most important crops grown in the States are also tobacco, soy-beans, peanuts , grapes and many others.

Many American residential areas tend to have a similar look. As to big cities their centres or downtowns look very much alike.

New York City is the first biggest city of the States. Its population is more than eight million people. It is a financial and advertising business centre. It is also a biggest seaport of the Hudson River. Industry of consumer goods⁷ is also developed here.

Chicago with a population of more than three and a half million is the second largest city in the U.S. A. It deals⁸ in wheat and other grains, cattle meat processing⁹ and manufacturing. Other big cities are Huston, an oil refining¹⁰ and NASA¹¹ space research centre, New Orleans, a cotton industry centre, Los Angeles with Hollywood, Philadelphia, a shipping commercial centre, Detroit, a world's leading motor car producer and many others.

Words

1due to	– як результат;
2plenty of ….	– багато;
3the Corn Belt	–«Кукурудзяний пояс»;
4fertile	– плодоносний;
5corn	– кукурудза;
6to raise livestock	– вигодовувати худобу;
7consumer goods	– товари широкого вжитку;
8to deal in …	– займатися (чим-небудь);
9meat processing	– переробка м’яса;
10oil refining centre	– нафтопереробний центр;
11NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	– національне управління з аеронавтики та дослідження космічного простору.

Industry in Ukraine

Ukraine possesses considerable potential in such sectors of the economy as machine engineering, aerospace, telecommunications, textile, clothing, footwear, and agriculture (due to its unique black soil).

Furthermore, Ukraine has a powerful defence industry, significant scientific potential and has shown considerable achievements in the field of designing brand¹ new technologies that meet international standard requirements².

Machine engineering and military industrial complexes have started to produce about 200 types of new products which had not been manufactured in Ukraine before. Among them are food-processing machinery, medical equipment, transportation vehicles, construction materials and equipment, small farming machines and home appliances³.

Ukraine’s major industrial area is in the south-east, namely the Donbas and the Prydniprovye region (Kryvyi Rih coal basin, Zaporizhia, and Dnepropetrovsk). Concentrated here are coal mines, iron and manganese ore deposits, metallurgical plants relating to the chemical, petrochemical and machine building plants and power stations.

Among the 150 branches of the national economy, one of the leading is ferrous metallurgy.

In the field of non-ferrous metallurgy⁴, Ukraine holds the monopoly in the CIS in the manufacture of metallic titanium which is of vital importance for the economy.

The Ukrainian chemical industry produces mineral fertilizers, soda, chemical fibres, plastics and other products.

The petrochemical industry of Ukraine is capable of refining 62 million tons of crude oil⁵ per year.

Words

1brand	– фабрична марка;
2requirements	– вимоги;
3home appliances	– техніка домашнього вжитку;
4non-ferrous metallurgy	– кольорова металургія;
5crude oil	– сира нафта.