
- •Preface
- •Part IV. Basic Single Equation Analysis
- •Chapter 18. Basic Regression Analysis
- •Equation Objects
- •Specifying an Equation in EViews
- •Estimating an Equation in EViews
- •Equation Output
- •Working with Equations
- •Estimation Problems
- •References
- •Chapter 19. Additional Regression Tools
- •Special Equation Expressions
- •Robust Standard Errors
- •Weighted Least Squares
- •Nonlinear Least Squares
- •Stepwise Least Squares Regression
- •References
- •Chapter 20. Instrumental Variables and GMM
- •Background
- •Two-stage Least Squares
- •Nonlinear Two-stage Least Squares
- •Limited Information Maximum Likelihood and K-Class Estimation
- •Generalized Method of Moments
- •IV Diagnostics and Tests
- •References
- •Chapter 21. Time Series Regression
- •Serial Correlation Theory
- •Testing for Serial Correlation
- •Estimating AR Models
- •ARIMA Theory
- •Estimating ARIMA Models
- •ARMA Equation Diagnostics
- •References
- •Chapter 22. Forecasting from an Equation
- •Forecasting from Equations in EViews
- •An Illustration
- •Forecast Basics
- •Forecasts with Lagged Dependent Variables
- •Forecasting with ARMA Errors
- •Forecasting from Equations with Expressions
- •Forecasting with Nonlinear and PDL Specifications
- •References
- •Chapter 23. Specification and Diagnostic Tests
- •Background
- •Coefficient Diagnostics
- •Residual Diagnostics
- •Stability Diagnostics
- •Applications
- •References
- •Part V. Advanced Single Equation Analysis
- •Chapter 24. ARCH and GARCH Estimation
- •Basic ARCH Specifications
- •Estimating ARCH Models in EViews
- •Working with ARCH Models
- •Additional ARCH Models
- •Examples
- •References
- •Chapter 25. Cointegrating Regression
- •Background
- •Estimating a Cointegrating Regression
- •Testing for Cointegration
- •Working with an Equation
- •References
- •Binary Dependent Variable Models
- •Ordered Dependent Variable Models
- •Censored Regression Models
- •Truncated Regression Models
- •Count Models
- •Technical Notes
- •References
- •Chapter 27. Generalized Linear Models
- •Overview
- •How to Estimate a GLM in EViews
- •Examples
- •Working with a GLM Equation
- •Technical Details
- •References
- •Chapter 28. Quantile Regression
- •Estimating Quantile Regression in EViews
- •Views and Procedures
- •Background
- •References
- •Chapter 29. The Log Likelihood (LogL) Object
- •Overview
- •Specification
- •Estimation
- •LogL Views
- •LogL Procs
- •Troubleshooting
- •Limitations
- •Examples
- •References
- •Part VI. Advanced Univariate Analysis
- •Chapter 30. Univariate Time Series Analysis
- •Unit Root Testing
- •Panel Unit Root Test
- •Variance Ratio Test
- •BDS Independence Test
- •References
- •Part VII. Multiple Equation Analysis
- •Chapter 31. System Estimation
- •Background
- •System Estimation Methods
- •How to Create and Specify a System
- •Working With Systems
- •Technical Discussion
- •References
- •Vector Autoregressions (VARs)
- •Estimating a VAR in EViews
- •VAR Estimation Output
- •Views and Procs of a VAR
- •Structural (Identified) VARs
- •Vector Error Correction (VEC) Models
- •A Note on Version Compatibility
- •References
- •Chapter 33. State Space Models and the Kalman Filter
- •Background
- •Specifying a State Space Model in EViews
- •Working with the State Space
- •Converting from Version 3 Sspace
- •Technical Discussion
- •References
- •Chapter 34. Models
- •Overview
- •An Example Model
- •Building a Model
- •Working with the Model Structure
- •Specifying Scenarios
- •Using Add Factors
- •Solving the Model
- •Working with the Model Data
- •References
- •Part VIII. Panel and Pooled Data
- •Chapter 35. Pooled Time Series, Cross-Section Data
- •The Pool Workfile
- •The Pool Object
- •Pooled Data
- •Setting up a Pool Workfile
- •Working with Pooled Data
- •Pooled Estimation
- •References
- •Chapter 36. Working with Panel Data
- •Structuring a Panel Workfile
- •Panel Workfile Display
- •Panel Workfile Information
- •Working with Panel Data
- •Basic Panel Analysis
- •References
- •Chapter 37. Panel Estimation
- •Estimating a Panel Equation
- •Panel Estimation Examples
- •Panel Equation Testing
- •Estimation Background
- •References
- •Part IX. Advanced Multivariate Analysis
- •Chapter 38. Cointegration Testing
- •Johansen Cointegration Test
- •Single-Equation Cointegration Tests
- •Panel Cointegration Testing
- •References
- •Chapter 39. Factor Analysis
- •Creating a Factor Object
- •Rotating Factors
- •Estimating Scores
- •Factor Views
- •Factor Procedures
- •Factor Data Members
- •An Example
- •Background
- •References
- •Appendix B. Estimation and Solution Options
- •Setting Estimation Options
- •Optimization Algorithms
- •Nonlinear Equation Solution Methods
- •References
- •Appendix C. Gradients and Derivatives
- •Gradients
- •Derivatives
- •References
- •Appendix D. Information Criteria
- •Definitions
- •Using Information Criteria as a Guide to Model Selection
- •References
- •Appendix E. Long-run Covariance Estimation
- •Technical Discussion
- •Kernel Function Properties
- •References
- •Index
- •Symbols
- •Numerics

References—785
|
ˆ |
|
|
|
|
T – q |
ˆ |
ˆ ˆ |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
L1 |
= L1 + ------------------------ |
D L1 |
D |
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
T – q – K |
|
|
|
|
(E.25) |
|
|
ˆ |
|
|
|
|
T – q |
ˆ |
ˆ |
ˆ |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
L0 |
= L0 + ------------------------ |
D L1 |
D |
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
T – q – K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kernel Function Properties |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
q |
|
ck |
|
|
rB |
rn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Truncated uniform |
|
0 |
|
0.6611 |
|
1 § 5 |
--- |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bartlett |
|
1 |
|
1.1447 |
|
1 § 3 |
2 § 9 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bohman |
|
2 |
|
2.4201 |
|
1 § 5 |
4 § 25 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Daniell |
|
2 |
|
0.4462 |
|
1 § 5 |
--- |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parzen |
|
2 |
|
2.6614 |
|
1 § 5 |
4 § 25 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parzen-Riesz |
|
2 |
|
1.1340 |
|
1 § 5 |
4 § 25 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parzen-Geometric |
|
1 |
|
1.0000 |
|
1 § 3 |
2 § 9 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parzen-Cauchy |
|
2 |
|
1.0924 |
|
1 § 5 |
4 § 25 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quadratic Spectral |
|
2 |
|
1.3221 |
|
1 § 5 |
2 § 25 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tukey-Hamming |
|
2 |
|
1.6694 |
|
1 § 5 |
4 § 25 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tukey-Hanning |
|
2 |
|
1.7462 |
|
1 § 5 |
4 § 25 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tukey-Parzen |
|
2 |
|
1.8576 |
|
1 § 5 |
4 § 25 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes: rB = 1 § (2q + 1) is the optimal rate of increase for the LRCOV kernel bandwidth. rn is the optimal rate of increase for the lag selection parameter in the Newey-West (1987) automatic bandwidth selection procedure. The Truncated kernel does not have theoretically proscribed values for ck and rB , but Andrews (1991) reports Monte Carlo simulations that suggest that these values work well. The Daniell kernel value for rB does not follow from the theory since the kernel does not satisfy the conditions of the optimal bandwidth theorems.
References
Andrews, Donald W. K, and J. Christopher Monahan (1992). “An Improved Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator,” Econometrica, 60, 953-966.

786—Appendix E. Long-run Covariance Estimation
Andrews, Donald W. K. (1991). “Heteroskedaticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation,” Econometrica, 59, 817-858.
den Haan, Wouter J. and Andrew Levin (1997). “A Practitioner’s Guide to Robust Covariance Matrix Estimation,” Chapter 12 in Maddala, G. S. and C. R. Rao (eds.), Handbook of Statistics Vol. 15, Robust Inference, North-Holland: Amsterdam, 291-341.
Gallant, A. Ronald (1987). Nonlinear Statistical Models. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Hamilton, James D. (1994). Time Series Analysis, Princeton University Press.
Hansen, Bruce E. (1992a). “Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation for Dependent Heterogeneous Processes,” Econometrica, 60, 967-972.
Hansen, Bruce E. (1992b). “Tests for Parameter Instability in Regressions with I(1) Processes,” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10, 321-335.
Hansen, Lars Peter (1982). “Large Sample Properties of Generalized Method of Moments Estimators,”
Econometrica, 50, 1029-1054.
Kiefer, Nicholas M., and Timothy J. Vogelsang (2002). “Heteroskedasticity-Autocorrelation Robust Standard Errors Using the Bartlett Kernel Without Truncation,” Econometrica, 70, 2093-2095.
Neave, Henry R. (1972). “A Comparison of Lag Window Generators,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 67, 152-158.
Newey, Whitney K. and Kenneth D. West (1987). “A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix,” Econometrica, 55, 703-708.
Newey, Whitney K. and Kenneth D. West (1994). “Automatic Lag Length Selection in Covariance Matrix Estimation,” Review of Economic Studies, 61, 631-653.
Park, Joon Y. and Masao Ogaki (1991). “Inferences in Cointegrated Models Using VAR Prewhitening to Estimate Shortrun Dynamics,” Rochester Center for Economic Research Working Paper No. 281.
Parzen, Emanual (1957). “Consistent Estimates of the Spectrum of a Stationary Time Series,” The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 28, 329-348.
Parzen, Emanuel (1958). “On Asymptotically Efficient Consistent Estimates of the Spectral Density Function of a Stationary Time Series,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, B, 20, 303-322.
Parzen, Emanual (1961). “Mathematical Considerations in the Estimation of Spectra,” Technometrics, 3, 167-190.
Parzen, Emanual (1967). “On Empirical Multiple Time Series Analysis,” in Lucien M. Le Cam and Jerzy Neyman (eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth Berkely Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 1, 305-340.
White, Halbert (1984). Asymptotic Theory for Econometricians. Orlando: Academic Press.