Dresner, Stability of superconductors.2002
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Index
Abrikosov, 5–6 |
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Current ( cont .) |
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Adiabatic hot-spot formula, |
122–124, 163 |
minimum |
propagating, |
59–60 |
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shielding, 38, 46, 50 |
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Bifurcation, 65, 169 |
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transport, 51 |
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Bifurcation energy, 101–110, 176 |
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Bloch–Gruneisen formula, |
30–31 |
Debye T-cubed law, 21 |
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Boiling crisis, 55 |
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Diffusivity |
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Boiling |
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magnetic, 45 |
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film, 54, 79–81, 87–89 |
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thermal, 45 |
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nucleate, 54, 79–80, 89 |
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Dulong–Petit, |
19 |
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transition, 55 |
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Burnout, 55 |
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Epoxy, |
12, 105–106, 121 |
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Equal-areas theorem, 62 |
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Cable-in-conduit conductors, 15, 129–132, |
Essmann–Trauble, |
5 |
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153, 164, 168, 174, 180 |
Expulsion velocity, |
156–158, 164–165 |
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rational design of, 167–169 |
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Characteristics, Riemann’s method of 134–140, |
Field |
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152 |
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critical, 4, 9 |
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Compressible flow, equations of, 132–133, |
lower critical, 5 |
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169–172 |
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upper critical, 5 |
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Convection, 53–54 |
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Filaments, twisted, |
49–52 |
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Copper-to-superconductor ratio, 69 |
Flow |
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Critical point, 13–14 |
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induced 132, 134–140, 146 |
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Critical-state model, 35–38 |
slug, |
162–163 |
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Critical surface, 9, 16–17 |
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Flux |
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Cryostability, 56–58 |
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creep, 9 |
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Cu/SC ratio: see Copper-to-superconductor ratio |
flow, 9 |
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Current density, critical, 8, |
11, 35 |
jump, 11, 42–52 |
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Current redistribution, 90, |
95–98 |
lattice, 5–9, 35, 38 |
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Current |
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Fluxoid lattice: see Flux lattice |
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critical, 35 |
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Fluxoids, 5–9, 38 |
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eddy, 38 |
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Formation energy, |
65–72, |
77–78 |
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limiting, 146–148 |
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Free energy: see Gibbs free energy |
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223
224
Gibbs free energy, 27–28
Heat conduction, transverse, 106–7, 121–122
Heat flux burnout, 55 first critical, 55
maximum nucleate boiling, 55 minimum film boiling, 55 recovery, 55
second critical, 55
Heat transfer
boiling, 53–56, 62–64 transient, 77–82, 87–90
Helium boiling, 13
supercritical, 14
superfluid, 13–14, 175–184 Helium-II: see Helium, superfluid
Hot spot, 124: see also Adiabatic hot-spot formula
Irreversibility curve, 9
Kammerlingh-Onnes, 1–4, 175 Kapitza resistance, 78–79, 180–182 Kohler’s rule, 32
Lambda line, 13 Lambda point, 13
Large Coil Task, 3, 58, 63–4, 136, 148 Lenz’s law, 38, 51
Lorenz constant, 33 Losses
ac, 52 coupling, 52 hysteresis, 52
Maddock limit: see Recovery, cold-end; Equalareas theorem
Magnetization, 25
Magnetoresistance: see Magnetoresistivity Magnetoresistivity, 31–33
copper, 32 silver, 33
Magnets cryostable, 13 metastable, 13
potted, 12–13 self-protecting, 122–124
Matrix, 10–11 Matthiesen’s rule, 31
INDEX
Meissner effect, 4
Minimum propagating zone, 64–75, 101, 215– 219
Mixed state, 5
MPZ: see Minimum propagating zone
Niobium tin, 9, 11, 15, 124, 130, 148
Niobium titanium, 9, 11, 14, 16, 41, 44, 51–52, 71–72, 98, 105, 124, 130, 168
Normal state, 3 Normal zones, 59
propagating, 83–99, 110–122, 163–167 stable, 77
traveling, 90–99 voltage across, 123
Partly convered conductors, stability of, 75–77 Penetration depth, 39–42
Penetration full, 48
incomplete, 47 Phase diagram
helium, 13–15 superconductors, 3, 5
Phonon spectrum, 20–23, 80 Phonons, 20–23, 30 Pinning, 8–9, 35
Piston problem, 159–162 Pool cooling, 56
Propagation velocity, 83–99, 110–122, 167 effect of current sharing on, 115–117 measurement of, 83
tranverse, 122
vacuum-insulated composites, 127 Protection, 123–124, 153
Quench detection, hydrodynamic, 167–168
Quench energy, 65, 77; see also Bifurcation energy
Quench pressure of internally cooled superconductors, 153–156, 164–165, 168-169
reduction of, 172–173 Quench, 12
Recovery, 13 cold-end, 58–62
Resistance dump, 123
flux-flow: see Resistivity, flux-flow residual: see Resistivity, residual
Resistive fault, maximum allowable, 72–75
INDEX
Resistivity flux-flow, 7–8, 38 ice-point, 31
power-law, 40, 108, 186 residual, 2
Riemann invariants, 135, I52
Saturation line, 13–14 Sausaging, 41
Silsbee, 9
Similarity solutions, 52, 157, 160–162, 178, 207–213
SMES (superconducting magnetic energy storage), 90, 110, 180
Sommerfeld constant, 21–22 Specific heat
contribution of magnetic field to, 29–30 Debye theory of, 19–23
jumps in, 22 power-law, 108 superconductors, 22–30 superfluid helium, 180 zero-field, 28–29
Stability margin. 90–91, 131, 141–146, 151, 176–184
effect of perforated jacket on. 173–174 lower, 146, 151–152
in a two-dimensional superfluid channel, 182–184
upper, 146, 168–169 Stability
cryogenic, 57
multiple, 141–152, 168–169 self-field, 51–52 unconditional, 57
Stable state, 42 Stekly number, 57 Superconductors
ceramic: see Superconductors, high-tempera- ture
225
Superconductors ( cont.) composite, 10
hard: see Superconductors, type-II high-temperature, 15–18, 52, 101, 105, 107–
110, 124
thermal stresses in, 124–127 uncooled segment of, 185–188,220 soft: see Superconductors, type-I type-I, 4
type-II, 4 Superheat, 53
Takeoff, 80, 146–147, 151–152 Temperature
bath, 57 critical, 3–4
current-sharing threshold, 37 Debye, 20–21
Thermal conductivity, 33–34 superfluid, 176, 180
Thermal expulsion, 156–158
Thermal hydraulic quenchback, 164–167 Thermo-Excel-C, 62
THQ: see Thermal hydraulic quenchback TNZ: see Normal zones, traveling Tore-II Supra, 14
Training, 13
Traveling wave, 60, 110–121, 123 Twist pitch, 52
Unstable state, 42
Vapor, accumulation of in channels, 56, 62–63 Vapor-cooled leads, 188–196
Vaporization, latent heat of, 81, 192 VCL: see Vapor-cooled leads
Wave diagram, 135–139
Wiedemann–Franz law, 33–34, 45, 85, 108, 113, 117, 119, 185, 192, 194