DeMarko T.Peopleware.Productive projects and teams.1999

228 NOTES

CHAPTERS

pp. 13-16 The lyrics as well asjhe chapter's title are from Billy Joel's 1977 album entitled "The Stranger," and are reprinted with

p.17 For discussion of Data General's Eagle project, see Kidder, 1981. CHAPTER 4

p.21 See Jones, 1981 for data on the prevailing standards of software quality.

p.22 Tajima and Matsubara, 1984, p. 40.

p.22 See Crosby, 1979.

CHAPTERS

p.24 For more on this famous law, see Parkinson, 1954.

p. 26 For the latest figures from the New South Wales studies, see Jeffery

and Lawrence, 1985. p. 26 See Boehm, 1982.

p.27 Tables 5.1 and 5.2 are adapted from Jeffery and Lawrence, 1985. p. 28 Quote is from Jones, 1986, p. 213.

p. 28 Table 5.3 is from Jeffery and Lawrence, 1985.

p. 29 You're right to worry that the twenty-four projects for which no estimate was made might have been special in some other way: either shorter projects, or those with senior personnel. We did look into the data for such obvious biases and they weren't there to be found.

CHAPTER 6

p. 32 Data on the (pitifully small) increase in software industry productivity was taken from Morrissey and Wu, 1980.

CHAPTER 7

p.40 Christopher Alexander presents the case for windowed workspace in Alexander et al., 1977. More about windows in Chapter 13.

CHAPTER 8

p. 44 The conduct of and data from the 1977 through 1981 public productivity studies are presented in DeMarco, 1982. The Coding War Games are described in detail in DeMarco and Lister, 1985.

NOTES 229

p. 45 Figure 8.1 showing productivity variation and the three rules of thumb are derived from three sources: Boehm, 1981, pp. 435-37, 447; Sackman et al., 1968, pp. 3-11; and Augustine, 1979. A subsequent study by Michael Lawrence of the University of New South Wales lends further weight to the three rules (see Lawrence, 1981).

p. 46 Figure 8.2 showing variation in performance in Coding War Games 1984 is adapted from DeMarco and Lister, 1985.

p.47 For more about the very weak relationships between productivity and factors such as salary and experience, see Lawrence and Jeffery, 1983.

p.48 The Harlan Mills quote is from Mills, 1983, p. 266.

p. 50 We are not alone in reporting on the linked effects of workplace and productivity. For a complementary view, see Boehm et al., 1984.

CHAPTER 9

p. 51 The figures on space costs are adapted from Brill, 1983. p. 52 SeeBrunner, 1972.

pp. 52-53 Quote from Data Management: See Dittrich, 1984. p. 53 For details on the IBM studies, see McCue, 1978. p. 54 Figure 9.1: See DeMarco and Lister, 1985.

INTERMEZZO |

p.59 Gilb is not the only or even the first person to make the point about measurability. See, for example. Chapter 2 of Gilbert, 1978.

p.60 For productivity measurement schemes, see Albrecht, 1979; Bailey and Basili, 1981; Boehm, 1981; Jones, 1986; and DeMarco, 1982.

p. 60 The assessment service mentioned is Software Evaluation and Assessment Service, available from Quantitative Software Management, McLean, VA.

pp. 60-61 See DeMarco, 1982 for more on the idea of blind measurement of individual characteristics.

CHAPTER 10

p. 62 Table 10.1: See McCue, 1978.

p.63 For more about flow, see Goleman, 1986 and Brady, 1986. p. 67 ESS stands for Electronic Switching System.

230 NOTES

CHAPTER 12

p.78 The Cornell experiment was never documented and has thus taken on the status of hearsay evidence except for those of us who were there. For a concurring view of the effect of music on concentration, see Jaynes, 1976, pp. 367-68.

CHAPTER 13

pp.81 -82 Reprinted with permission from Alexander, 1979, p. 7.

pp. 83-84 Reprinted with permission from Alexander et al., 1975, pp. 10-11. p. 84 Graphic is reprinted from Alexander et al., 1975, p. 46.

p. 85 Graphic is reprinted from Alexander et al., 1977, p. 846.

pp.85-86 Reprinted with permission from Alexander et al., 1977, pp. 847-51.

p.88 Graphic from Alexander et al., 1975, p. 125.

p.88 Our information about the lack of cost associated with providing a window for each worker came from private communication with Michael Brill, President, BOSTI, March 1987.

p.90 Reprinted with permission from Alexander et al., 1977, pp. 697-99.

CHAPTER 16

p. 105 For typical turnover figures, see Bartol, 1983.

p. 107 It is startling that those who actually build the products could be so young. See Hodges, 1986 for some of the original

p. 109 See Townsend, 1970, p. 64.

CHAPTER 17

p. 117 Ken Orr has taken on the issue of "Big M" Methodologies in his charming send-up The One Minute Methodology (Orr, 1990).

p.119 See Parsons, 1974 for a fascinating relook at the Hawthorne Effect. CHAPTER 20

p. 133 See deBono, 1970. p. 135 See Jones, 1981.

CHAPTER 22

p.143 See Thomsett, 1980.

p. 144 See Robbins, 1977, p. 280.

NOTES 231

CHAPTER 23

p. 152 The title of this section on closure was suggested by Nancy Meabon's presentation at the Feedback '86 Conference sponsored by Ken Orr & Associates in Kansas City, October 1986.

CHAPTER 24

p.162 The granddaddy of business war games is Robert Chase's Hotel and Club Management Simulation Exercise, run under the auspices of Cornell University's Statler College of Hotel Administration.

p.165 The most authoritative source on brainstorming is Edward deBono's

always fascinating Lateral Thinking: Creativity Step by Step.

DeBono demonstrates the linked nature of creativity and humor through a series of simple exercises. By the time you've finished reading the book, you're looking for creative insight every time you hear yourself laugh.

p. 165 DeBono is the master of creativity as an individual exercise. But some of the best creative work in business is performed by teams of people creating together. The most authoritative source on team creativity (or synectics) is William J.J. Gordon. See Gordon, 1961, a readable, inspiring, and thoroughly wonderful book.

CHAPTER 26

p. 173 During the German occupation of the 1940s, one very active arm of the Danish resistance called itself Holgar Dansk.

CHAPTER 27

p. 180 Jerry Weinberg's theory of overtime is taken from a conversation with him during a joint consult in Fort Collins, September 25, 1990.

CHAPTER 28

p. 183 See Deming, 1982, p. 24.

CHAPTER 30

p. 195 See Machiavelli, 1985, p. 23

p. 196 Figure 30.1 is based on private correspondence in 1992 with Jerry W. Johnson of the Meninger Business Institute, regarding his work with G. Swogger, M.D., on the "Resistance Continuum."

232 NOTES

p.198 See Bridges, 1991 (p. 30) for his insight on celebrating the old. p. 199 Graphic based on semantic content from Satir, 1991.

CHAPTER 31

p.204 See also Tom DeMarco's "Human Capital, Unmasked," The New York Times, Vol. CXLV, No. 50,397, Section 3, Money & Business (April 14, 1996), p. 13.

CHAPTER 32

p. 211 Nicholas Negroponte's suggestion was part of his presentation titled "Technology Convergence," given at The Camden Conference on Telecommunications in Camden, Maine, October 1997.

CHAPTER 33

p. 219 In fact, "lean and mean" staffing during key analysis and design activities can be hazardous to your health, as illustrated in The Deadline: A Novel About Project Management (DeMarco, 1997). The main character, Mr. Tompkins, covertly uses a lean staff in analysis and design, though he is threatened with execution if he misses an impossible deadline.

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