- •1. TABLE OF CONTENTS
- •2. COMPUTER HARDWARE
- •3. A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER HARDWARE
- •3.1 BASIC COMPONENTS
- •3.1.1 The components of a computer are,
- •3.1.2 Some I/O Devices
- •3.2 AN EXAMPLE OF A COMPUTER IN MANUFACTURING
- •3.3 COMMERCIAL COMPUTERS
- •3.3.1 Mainframes
- •3.3.2 Super Computers
- •3.3.3 Workstations
- •3.3.4 Personal Computers
- •3.3.5 Dedicated Computers
- •3.3.6 Single Board Computers
- •3.4 ARCHITECTURE AND BUSES
- •3.4.1 Clock Speed and the Buses
- •3.5 SOFTWARE
- •4. COMPUTER INTERFACING
- •4.1 DIGITAL SIGNALS
- •4.2 ANALOG SIGNALS
- •4.2.1 Analog to Digital Conversion
- •4.2.1.1 - Flash A/D Converter
- •4.2.2 Digital to Analog Conversion
- •4.3 TIMING
- •4.3.1 Interrupts
- •4.3.2 Clocks and Timers
- •4.3.3 Watch Dog Timers
- •4.3.4 Polling
- •4.4 DISPLAYS
- •5. COMPUTER INTERFACE BOARDS
- •5.1 OVERVIEW
- •5.1.1 Types
- •5.2 REGISTER LEVEL PROGRAMMING
- •5.3 EXAMPLES
- •6. COMPUTER CONTROL OF PROCESSES
- •6.1 TEMPERTURE CONTROL
- •6.2 BATCH PROCESSING
- •6.3 COMPUTER PROCESS MONITORING
- •6.4 IMPLEMENTING A COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM
- •6.4.1 SCADA
- •6.5 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •7. COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
- •7.1 COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS CATEGORIES
- •7.2 THE HISTORY
- •7.3 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
- •7.6 GPIB/IEEE-488
- •7.7 PARALLEL COMMUNICATIONS
- •8. INTERFACING COMPUTERS FOR DATA TRANSFER
- •8.1 SERIAL DATA TRANSFER
- •8.2 PARALLEL DATA TRANSFER
- •8.2.1 GPIB Bus (IEEE-488)
- •9. COMPUTER NETWORKING
- •9.1 OSI NETWORK MODEL
- •9.1.1 Why Use A Network?
- •9.1.1.1 - Physical Layer
- •9.1.1.2 - Data Link Layer
- •9.1.1.3 - Network Layer
- •9.1.1.4 - Transport Layer
- •9.1.1.5 - Session Layer
- •9.1.1.6 - Presentation Layer
- •9.1.1.7 - Application Layer
- •9.2 OPEN SYSTEMS
- •9.3 NETWORKING HARDWARE
- •10. MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION PROTOCOL (MAP)
- •10.1 OVERVIEW
- •10.2 DETAILS
- •10.2.1 Physical Alternatives (Layer 1 OSI Model),
- •10.2.2 Data Link Layer (Layer 2 OSI Model),
- •10.2.3 Application Layer:
- •10.3 DETAILS FOR TOP
- •10.3.1 Application Layer:
- •10.5 MAP AND OTHER STANDARDS
- •10.6 AN EXAMPLE OF A MAP IMPLEMENTATION
- •10.7 ETHERNET
- •10.7.1 Internet
- •10.7.2 SLIP/PPP
- •10.8 DATA HIGHWAY+
- •10.9 REMOTE PLC I/O
- •10.10 DEVICENET
- •10.11 OTHER STUFF
- •10.12 Network Facts
- •11. DATABASE TECHNOLOGY
- •11.1 DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEMS
- •11.1.1 Relational database systems
- •11.1.2 Issues for distributed database systems
- •11.1.2.1 - Query processing
- •11.1.2.2 - Concurrency control
page 58
10.5 MAP AND OTHER STANDARDS
• ISO/OSI Reference Model Compared with Factory Communication Standards
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Ethernet |
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MiniMAP |
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MAP / TOP |
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tothe standard |
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Fieldbus |
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Areaspertinent |
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Bitbus |
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OSI |
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ISO/OSI Reference Model |
Application |
Presentation |
Session |
Transport |
Network |
Data Link |
Physical |
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page 59
• MAP Enhanced Performance Architecture (EPA) and MiniMAP Protocol Stacks
Application |
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Application |
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Presentation |
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Session |
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Transport |
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Network |
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EPA Data Link |
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EPA Data Link |
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EPA Physical |
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EPA Physical |
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a. MAP/EPA System |
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b MiniMAP System |
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10.6 AN EXAMPLE OF A MAP IMPLEMENTATION
• One proposed MAP-compliant approach to computer integration is the introduction of an FMS into the plant-wide data communications network)
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MAP |
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MRP |
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APT/CAD |
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Network |
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MAP Broadband 10 MBps |
Manager |
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Computer Room |
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FMT |
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FMT |
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BR |
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FMS |
FMS |
MHS |
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VAX/VMS |
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DB |
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MAP Carrierband 5 MBps
TMS |
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CMS |
TDP |
FMT |
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VDT |
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VDT |
PLC |
TGC |
PLC |
LSC |
CNC |
. . . |
CNC |
RC |
PLC |
CMC |
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Robotic |
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Tool |
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L/UL |
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Machine |
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Machine |
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Wash |
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Pallet |
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ETG |
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Work |
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CMM |
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AS/RS |
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AWC |
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Tool # 1 |
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Tool # N |
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Station |
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AS/RS |
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Station |
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AGV |
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Wire Guided Vehicle Material Transport System |
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AGV |
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board each on run and reside layers MAP seven All • |
60 page |
level-board this of set |
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interface MPA |
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page 61
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Table 2: |
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Legend |
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MRP |
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Material Requirements Planning |
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APT/CAD |
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Automatic Programmed Tool/ |
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Computer-Aided Design |
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BR |
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Bridge |
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FMT |
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FMS Terminal |
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TS |
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Terminal Server |
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FMS DB |
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FMS Database |
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MHS |
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Material Handling System |
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TMS |
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Tool Management System |
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CMS |
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Coordinate Measuring System |
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TDP |
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Tool Data Panel |
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TGC |
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Tool Gage Control |
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PLC |
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Programmable Logic Control |
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LSC |
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Load Station Controller |
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VDT |
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Video Display Terminal |
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CNC |
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Computer Numerical Controller |
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RC |
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Robot Controller |
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CMC |
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Coordinate Measuring Control |
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ETG |
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Electronic Tool Gage |
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AS/RS |
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Automatic Storage/Retrieval System |
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L/UL |
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Load/Unload |
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AWC |
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Automatic Work Changer |
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CMM |
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Coordinate Measuring Machine |
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