- •1. TABLE OF CONTENTS
- •2. COMPUTER HARDWARE
- •3. A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER HARDWARE
- •3.1 BASIC COMPONENTS
- •3.1.1 The components of a computer are,
- •3.1.2 Some I/O Devices
- •3.2 AN EXAMPLE OF A COMPUTER IN MANUFACTURING
- •3.3 COMMERCIAL COMPUTERS
- •3.3.1 Mainframes
- •3.3.2 Super Computers
- •3.3.3 Workstations
- •3.3.4 Personal Computers
- •3.3.5 Dedicated Computers
- •3.3.6 Single Board Computers
- •3.4 ARCHITECTURE AND BUSES
- •3.4.1 Clock Speed and the Buses
- •3.5 SOFTWARE
- •4. COMPUTER INTERFACING
- •4.1 DIGITAL SIGNALS
- •4.2 ANALOG SIGNALS
- •4.2.1 Analog to Digital Conversion
- •4.2.1.1 - Flash A/D Converter
- •4.2.2 Digital to Analog Conversion
- •4.3 TIMING
- •4.3.1 Interrupts
- •4.3.2 Clocks and Timers
- •4.3.3 Watch Dog Timers
- •4.3.4 Polling
- •4.4 DISPLAYS
- •5. COMPUTER INTERFACE BOARDS
- •5.1 OVERVIEW
- •5.1.1 Types
- •5.2 REGISTER LEVEL PROGRAMMING
- •5.3 EXAMPLES
- •6. COMPUTER CONTROL OF PROCESSES
- •6.1 TEMPERTURE CONTROL
- •6.2 BATCH PROCESSING
- •6.3 COMPUTER PROCESS MONITORING
- •6.4 IMPLEMENTING A COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM
- •6.4.1 SCADA
- •6.5 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •7. COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
- •7.1 COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS CATEGORIES
- •7.2 THE HISTORY
- •7.3 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
- •7.6 GPIB/IEEE-488
- •7.7 PARALLEL COMMUNICATIONS
- •8. INTERFACING COMPUTERS FOR DATA TRANSFER
- •8.1 SERIAL DATA TRANSFER
- •8.2 PARALLEL DATA TRANSFER
- •8.2.1 GPIB Bus (IEEE-488)
- •9. COMPUTER NETWORKING
- •9.1 OSI NETWORK MODEL
- •9.1.1 Why Use A Network?
- •9.1.1.1 - Physical Layer
- •9.1.1.2 - Data Link Layer
- •9.1.1.3 - Network Layer
- •9.1.1.4 - Transport Layer
- •9.1.1.5 - Session Layer
- •9.1.1.6 - Presentation Layer
- •9.1.1.7 - Application Layer
- •9.2 OPEN SYSTEMS
- •9.3 NETWORKING HARDWARE
- •10. MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION PROTOCOL (MAP)
- •10.1 OVERVIEW
- •10.2 DETAILS
- •10.2.1 Physical Alternatives (Layer 1 OSI Model),
- •10.2.2 Data Link Layer (Layer 2 OSI Model),
- •10.2.3 Application Layer:
- •10.3 DETAILS FOR TOP
- •10.3.1 Application Layer:
- •10.5 MAP AND OTHER STANDARDS
- •10.6 AN EXAMPLE OF A MAP IMPLEMENTATION
- •10.7 ETHERNET
- •10.7.1 Internet
- •10.7.2 SLIP/PPP
- •10.8 DATA HIGHWAY+
- •10.9 REMOTE PLC I/O
- •10.10 DEVICENET
- •10.11 OTHER STUFF
- •10.12 Network Facts
- •11. DATABASE TECHNOLOGY
- •11.1 DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEMS
- •11.1.1 Relational database systems
- •11.1.2 Issues for distributed database systems
- •11.1.2.1 - Query processing
- •11.1.2.2 - Concurrency control
page 56
10.3 DETAILS FOR TOP
•TOP (Technical and Office Protocols) is designed for the office environment.
•Preferred LAN is IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, But allows for Token Bus (IEEE 802.4) and Token Ring (IEEE 802.5). Fibre optical media will be added when they are defined.
•uses same ISO standards for network, transport, session and presentation layers that MAP uses
10.3.1 Application Layer:
•ACSE and FTAM are the same as MAP, MMS is not included
•(MHS) CCITT X.400 message handling service provides electronic mail transfers of all types of documents
•ISO Virtual terminal protocol to allow a terminal on any machine to log onto any other machine.
•ODA/ODIF (ISO Office Document Architecture and Office Document Interchange Format) To permit formatted documents to be transmitted independently of the package used to create them. (Text, and Raster or Line graphics)
•CGM (ISO Computer Graphics Metafile) to permit the exchange of geometrical graphics
•IGES (ANSI Initial Graphics Exchange Standard) to exchange product design information among CAD/CAM workstations.
10.4 MAP & TOP
•Suggested that the two protocols MAP for CAM, and TOP for CAD be separated at the database level.
•STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product Data) based on PDES, is an international standard to facilitate the transfer of data in CAD/CAM.
•GOSIP (Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile) has been developed by the U.S. Government (NIST) to provide an open systems standard fro their computers. GOSIP is almost a subset of TOP 3.0
page 57
• TOP Protocol Layers Compared with the ISO/OSI Reference Model ISO/OSI
Reference
Model
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Directory Services |
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Application |
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RTS |
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Network Management |
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FTAM |
VT ACSE |
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Presentation |
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RTS |
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Presentation |
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Session |
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Session |
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Transport |
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Transport Class 4 |
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CLNS |
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Network |
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ES, IS, and X.25 PLP |
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IEEE 802.2 |
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X.25 |
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Data Link |
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10BASE5802.3 |
10BROAD36802.3 |
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(1984) |
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LAPB |
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IEEE |
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IEEE |
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X.21 bis |
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802.5 |
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802.4 |
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and X.21 |
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Notes: |
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ACSE |
Association control service element |
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CLNS |
Connectionless network service |
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End system |
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FTAM |
File transfer and access method |
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IS |
Intermediate system |
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LAPB |
Link access protocol-balanced |
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MHS |
Message-Handling System |
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PLP |
Physical layer protocol |
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RTS |
Reliable transfer system |
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VT |
Virtual Terminal |
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