1kurs1semestrochnoe / Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции (английский)

The total number of languages in the world is between 2500 and 5000. English is spoken all over the world and very popular. There is a proverb: “Knowledge itself is power.” I agree with it.

I study English because I want to read English books of great writers in the original language. I want to communicate with people from different countries; I want to understand their culture and traditions. I like to travel very much and with the knowledge of English I can travel anywhere because more than 1 billion people speak English. I have a pen friend abroad.

How do I study English? First of all I read a lot. There is always an English book on my desk. Sometimes I speak English with my friend, he knows English very well.

Task:

1.Give a summary of the text.

Topic: My Future Profession

Text 1. Прочитайтеипереведитетекст:

From: Lucy

To: maryborell@yandex.com

Subject: Dear Mary

Date: 11.09.09

Dear Mary,

This is my first e-mail message to you from Novosibirsk. I’ve got great news to tell you!!! This summer I took entrance exams to Moscow Law Institute. There were a lot of applicants and the exams were rather difficult but I worked hard and passed them well enough to become a first-year student.

The Institute has a long history and a high status. The teaching staff consists of highly qualified professionals who are known all over the city. Classes begin at 9 o’clock in the morning and last till two or four in the afternoon. All subjects are very interesting. We have seminars and lectures in English, Philosophy, History, Theory of State and Law, Latin and so on. Later we are going to study law: constitutional law, civil law, criminal law, land law, family law. I’ll try to do well in all subjects and attend all classes in order to pass exams successfully.

After graduation from this Institute I would like to become a lawyer. I think that it is a noble profession, because you work with people and try to help them. To become a good lawyer you should work hard and have certain traits of character. You should be clever, helpful, open-minded and sociable. I feel that I’m just cut out to be a lawyer.

Trulyyours,

Lucy.

Ex 1. Найдите русские эквиваленты данным словам и выражениям:

a) Higher education, to enter, to pass exams, to fail exams (an exam), first-year student/

11

freshman, applicant, to be good at a subject (subjects), to work hard at smth, to hand in a paper, to attend classes, to miss classes, to do well in subjects, to lag behind the group, to catch up with the group;

b)Full-time student, part-time student, extra-mural student, fellow-students;

c) to run a company, to go into business, to be in the diplomatic service, to work in the field of, hard-working, intelligent, smart, honest, to be cut out for smth.

Ex 2. Дополните предложения словами и выражениями из упражнения 1:

1. ____________ is becoming more and more popular in this country. 2. All the firstyear students must ___________ their project papers by the end of November. 3. During the academic year all students have to ____________ so as not ________ the group. 4. They must ________________ because if they _______ ______ they will have ________ in order not to fail the exams. 5. Most of myfriends _______ at college and hope to become good specialists. 6. As a rule, the students who ________, help their fellow-students who have some problems with the subject.

Ex 3. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1.Jack presented his graduation paper so well that he got his degree withHonors.

2.The university graduated 850 students last year. 3. Julie, you swim so well!!! You

must have taken lessons from a dolphin. 4. The subject matter of my report is the economic development of England in the 15th century. 5. The teacher lectured the boys for being lazy. 6. All my fellow-students took winter exams but not all of them passed the exams. 7. Professor Warren will give a lecture on the history of diplomacy next week. 8. This book does not fully cover the subject. 9. Magda is very sociable and has a wide circle of acquaintances. 10. The University’s history goes back to 1944 when it was founded as the first institute to train personnel for the diplomatic service.

Text: The Interview

Ex. 1 Прочитайте диалогпо ролям.

1. What is the meaning of the words in the box?

stressful case specialize procedure correct

Now read the interview and talk to your partner about the meanings of the words. Use your dictionary to check you are correct.

Interviewer: Hello, Rebecca, and thank you for talking to me today.

Rebecca: It’s a pleasure. I love my job and like to talk about it! I also have some free time today.

Interviewer: Is it true that lawyers work very long hours?

Rebecca: A good question! Yes, we do work long hours and sometimes that is very stressful; preparing a case for court for example. We need to get lots of information to make sure we have a strong case for our clients.

Interviewer: What type of law do you specialize in, Rebecca?

12

Rebecca: I specialize in business law. I work with companies to make sure all their legal procedures are correct.

Interviewer: What is the best part of your job?

Rebecca: I like all the different people I meet. Every company is different and I learn a lot about the world of business. I also like the fact that my job helps employees and employers.

Interviewer: Is it true that the training is quite long to become a lawyer?

Rebecca: Well you can study law at university or – and this is my case – study another subject at university and then do a law course afterwards.

Interviewer: Are there lots of jobs in law?

Rebecca: Yes, there is a very good career structure. There are lots of jobs to move on to or you can stay in your company and work hard to get a promotion. The best job is to be a partner in the company!

2. Are the following statements true or false?

1 Rebecca is not busy on the day of the interview.

2 Lawyers don’t work long hours to prepare a case for court.

3 Rebecca is a business lawyer who makes sure legal procedures are right in companies.

4 Rebecca meets the same people every day in her job. 5 You need to do a law course to become a lawyer. 6 There aren’t many jobs in law.

Topic: Tomsk State University

In a beautiful old park in the centre of Tomsk one can see a three-storey impressive building. It is the main building of Tomsk University. It was founded under the pressure of progressive public opinion in 1878 and opened in 1888. That is why you can see the two dates on the facade of the building. The newly-born University was the ninth in Russia and the first in Siberia.

Originally, it had only one faculty – that of medicine. The second faculty – law – was opened ten years later and two more: the faculty of physics and mathematics and the faculty of history, philology and philosophy were opened only in 1917, the year of October Revolution.

At present TSU is the largest classic university in the East of Russia. There are 23 departments, 5 branches, educating more than 23,000 students in 85 specializations and programs. The University's faculties are physics, chemistry, mathematics and mechanics, applied mathematics and cybernetics, radio physics, technical physics, geology and geography, biology and soil, computer science, history and international relations, psychology, foreign languages, philosophy, culture studies, military training, international department of agriculture and ecology, international management department. High school of business, law, economics, philology and journalism. TSU was the first to carry out multilevel and continuing education. This includes pre-admission (pre-college) education, preparing specialists,

13

bachelors and masters, (graduate programs), post-graduate education, retraining and refresher courses. The university has established 45 centers of pre-admission training on campuses of secondary schools in different regions of Siberia and Kazakhstan which annually enable 2,000 people to study mere.

TSU offers a program Training Managers and Executives for the Enterprises of the National Economy (Presidential Management Training Initiative). Its alumni are in great demand as top and senior managers at numerous enterprises.

The University has been very active in developing distance-learning programs, multimedia courses, electronic textbooks, etc. Many of them have been highly graded at international exhibitions.

Tomsk University is both the academic and research centre of Siberia. It comprises three research institutes, a lot of research laboratories, the Botanical garden founded by Professor P.M. Krylov, the Herbarium and museums of paleontology, mineralogy, zoology, archeology and ethnography which are rich in various exhibits.

The University library deserves special attention because it is well known not only in Siberia but in other parts of the country as well. Its book depository numbers over 4 million volumes and the new building of the library offers fine reading-halls to the students, teachers and researchers of the University.

The University is actively involved in international programs, has signed agreements of cooperation with a number of foreign universities, conducts student and scholar exchange, and collaborates in joint educational programs.

In 2008 the University celebrated its 130th anniversary, which will be the great date both for the teaching staff and the students.

1. Answer the questions:

a)When was TSU founded and opened?

b)What were the first faculties of TSU?

c)What role does TSU play in academic and research spheres?

d)Why does the University library deserve special attention?

e)How does TSU establish relations with other countries?

f)What programs and courses is TSU actively involved?

2.Find words in the text according to the following definitions:

a)Available for use;

b)Study of a subject in order to discover new facts;

c)Giving smth to smb and receiving smth in return;

d)To work together in order to achieve smth;

2.Say if the statements are true or false:

a)TSU was founded in 1888.

b)The foundation of the University was initiated by prominent and progressive people.

c)The University was opened with the law faculty.

d)Today TSU hosts more than 15500 students.

e)TSU is considered to be the first in Siberia and the ninth in Russia.

14

f) Teaching staff and students can work in 30 reading-halls of the library.

Topic: The Institute of Law of Tomsk State University

The Law Faculty is the oldest one in Tomsk State University. It was formed in 1898. It's considered to be the first law faculty on the territory from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean and the ninth in the Russian Empire. In June 1994 it received the status of the institute.

Today the Institute of Law of TSU is a leading educational and legal institution in Western Siberia. Since its formation more than 15000 specialists have been trained in it. Nowadays the Institute of Law has students studying full time, part-time and students taking correspondence courses. The Institute has a department of multilevel education (for bachelors and masters of laws), department of secondary higher education and a special division for the employees of the Administration of Internal Affairs of Tomsk Region and the Administration of Penalties' Enforcement.

The Institute of Law has 11 chairs in different fields: criminal law; civil law; administrative law, legal theory and history; ecological and natural resources – law; financial law; labor law; civil procedure; penalty enforcement law and criminology; criminalistics; constitutional and international law; criminal procedure and law offices. There are associate professors and full professors working in the staff of those chairs. Such famous scientists and highly qualified specialists as judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation N.V. Vitruk, N.T. Vedemikov, the Representative of the President of Russia in the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation M.A. Mitukov are among them.

Within the specialty "jurisprudence" students can choose one of three majors: civil law, criminal law or public law. According to the chosen specialization they take particular courses and write final dissertation on specified topics. The graduates of TSU practice in state organs, banks, financial institutions, private companies, militia, prosecutor's offices, the bar and notary offices. Some of them continue their education taking post-graduate courses within the Institute of Law. More than 60 postgraduates are specializing in 6 academic spheres nowadays.

The Institute of Law is involved in a number of international projects (TEMPUS, DSG and others), which give students and professors the opportunity to learn the legal systems of other countries. In the faculty newspaper 'Verdict' students write about the vital problems of the institute, such as the life in the students' dormitory, participation in conferences and other events and display their creative abilities in drawing, versification, photography, etc. There is a Legal Clinic attached to the Institute, where students get the opportunity to advise people on legal issues and get necessary practical skills.

1.Give a summary of the text.

2.Answer the questions:

15

a)When was the Law Faculty formed?

b)When did the Law Faculty get the status of the institute?

c)What chairs are there in the Law Faculty?

d)What people work in the staff of the Law Faculty?

e)Where can graduates practice?

3.Work with a partner and discuss following questions:

f)What are the requirements for those who want to enter the Law Institute?

g)Is it prestigious to study at the Law Institute?

h)How doqualified lawyers find their job?

i)Do most law students become lawyers? What legal activities do they carry out?

4.Use the information above and retell the text “The Institute of Law”.

Topic:WhatisLaw?

Ex 1. Приведитеоднокоренныерусскиеэквиваленты:

limit, form, phenomenon, incident, detail, gravity, economics, religion, compensation, concentration, corruption, instruction, natural, social, civil, general, criticize, legal.

Text: What is Law?

The English word “law” refers to limits upon various forms of behavior. Some laws are descriptive – they simply describe how people usually behave. An example is the law of gravity; another is the laws of economics. Other laws are prescriptive – they prescribe, for example, how fast we should drive.

So, law is the whole set of rules that are supported by the power of government and that control the behaviour of members of any society. The law itself provides the basic structure within which commerce and industry operate. It safeguards the rights of individuals, regulates their dealings with others and enforces the duties of government. In all societies, relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. Some of them are customs – that is informal rules of social and moral behaviour. Customs need not to be made by governments, and they need not to be written down. We learn how to behave in society through the instructions of family and teachers, the advice of friends, etc. Sometimes, we can break these rules without any penalty. But if we continually break the rules, other members of society may criticize us. The ways in which people talk, eat and drink, work and relax together are usually guided by many such informal rules.

Vocabulary to the text: law

to enforce law descriptive law

16

prescriptivelaw

Ex 1. Найдитенеправильноеутверждение:

1.In all societies relations between people are regulated bycustoms and traditions.

2.The speed limits imposed on a driver is an example of a prescriptive law.

3.Both customs and rules are enforced bygovernments.

Ex2. Давайтеответимнавопросы:

1.What is a descriptive/prescriptive law? Can you give your own examples?

2.What is the difference between a custom and a law?

3.In what wayis the law systemdescribed in the text similar to that of your country.

Text 2. Types of Law

Civil and Public law: one important distinction is between private or civil law and public law. Civil law concerns disputes among citizens within a country, and public law concerns disputes between citizens and the state, or between one stateand another. Constitutional law: According to one very wide definition, constitutional law is that part of the law which relates to the system of government of the country. But it is more useful to define constitutional law as a set of laws which regulate the structure of the principal organs of government and their relationship to each other and to the citizen and determine their main functions.

Intellectual property laws reward the creators of original works by preventing others from copying, performingor distributing those works without permission. International law constitutes that body of rules* which governs the relationships between sovereign states.

*body of rules – сводправил

Text: Law and Order1

The Police

When someone commits a crime (= breaks the law and does something illegal/against the law/wrong), the police do a number of things.

They investigate the crime (= try to find out what happened and who is responsible). If they catch (= find) the person they believe is responsible for the crime, they will arrest her/him (= take her/him to the police station because they think the person has committed the crime).

1 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate). Cambridge University Press 2003

17

At the police station, they question them. (= ask them questions)

If they are sure that the person committed the crime, the person is charged with the crime (= the police make an official statement that they believe the person committed the crime).

For a serious crime (e.g. murder), the person must then go to court for trial.

In Court

In court, the defendant must try to prove (= provide facts to show something is true) that they did not commit the crime. In other words, they must try to prove that they are innocent (opp. guilty). Twelve members of the public (called the jury) listen to the evidence (= information about the crime, for and against) and then make their decision. People who see a crime are witnesses, and they usually give evidence at a trial.

Punishment (= what a person must suffer if they do something wrong)

If someone is guilty of a crime, the judge will give the sentence (= the punishment). If a person is guilty of murder, the sentence may be 10-20 years in prison. The person then becomes a prisoner.

For crimes that are not serious (called minor offences, e.g. illegal parking), the punishment is usually a fine. (= money you have to pay)

Exercises

1.Put this story in the correct order. The first event has been given: a) they found both men guilty.

b) and charged them with the robbery.

c) £10,000 was stolen from a bank in the High Street. d) After the jury had listened to all the evidence

e) The judge gave the men a prison sentence of five years. f ) The trial took place two months later.

g) and they finally arrested two men.

h) They questioned them at the police station.

i) The police interviewed a number of witnesses about the crime

2.Answer the questions:

1.Who investigate(s) crimes?

2.Who sentence(s) people?

3.Who live(s) in prison?

4.Who decide(s) if someone is innocent or guilty?

5.Who defend(s) people and present(s) evidence?

6.Who commit(s) crimes?

18

B:I think she needed the money.

3.A: Is it legal to ride a motorbike without a license?

10.He has been in trouble before, but it was only a minor...................................................

Complete the extract below from a law textbook by using the verbs in the box1.

sue the wrongdoer and receive damages from the court. Criminal sanctions exist to make society safer and to keep people from committing certain acts. Tort remedies exist to make

A key difference between the two is that a crime requires a criminal intent (mens rea), whereas a tort can result without intent to cause harm on the wrongdoer's part. Crimes

brings an action against the wrongdoer.

Complete these rules for forming passive constructions:

1 “Introduction to International Legal English” Amy Krois-Lindner, Matt Firth “Cambridge University Press”, 2008 ─ 41 c.

19

the main verb. Usually, the agent is not named in a passive sentence. If the agent is named, it is often expressed in a phrase beginning with the preposition 3)................................. .

Passive constructions Change the underlined verbs in these sentences from active to passive, keeping the tense the same and making any other necessary changes.

1.The court found the co-conspirators guilty on several counts, most notably fraud and conspiracy.

2.White-collar crime affects employees, consumers and citizens alike.

3.A judge sentenced the former CEO to 87 months in federal prison for his role in arranging fraudulent loans that led to the company's forced bankruptcy.

4.If the prosecutor fails to prove that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, the juryrenders a verdict of ‘not guilty’.

5.The state prosecuted the company founder for tax evasion, and he is now serving a three-year sentence.

6.The parole board put the prisoner on parole after four years of good conduct in prison.

7.The judge gave the defendant a suspended sentence for the theft of his sister's car while intoxicated.

Topic: Legal Professions in England and Wales

Прочитайтеипереведитетекст: legalprofession – юридическаяпрофессия; barrister – адвокат (выступающий в суде); senior/junior barrister – старший/младший адвокат; solicitor – поверенный;

to do the court work – выполнятьработувсуде;

to do the office work – выполнятьработувконторе; legal affairs/matters – судебные, правовые дела; an attorney – адвокат;

the right of audience – право выступать всуде; college of advocates – коллегия адвокатов;

self-managed cooperative type organization – независимая общественная организация;

legal aid offices – юридическаяконсультация; defendant – ответчик;

plaintiff – ответчик; litigation – судебныйпроцесс.

20