Terekhova_E_Dvustoronniy_perevod_obshchestvenn

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 23

üДайте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний, сначала с опорой на текст, затем на слух.

a)

institutional constraints — under the umbrella of smth —

to postpone smb’s membership — to convey the impression that — to claim the right to do smth — rules of the game —

salutary situation —

b)

the dream of «One Southeast Asia» — co premiers —

Post Cold War Southeast Asia —

the 1991 Paris Pease Agreement —

a Zone of Peace Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN) — the (1976) Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) —

the Treaty on the Establishment of a Southeast Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone (SEANWFZ) —

the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) —

ASEAN’s Dialogue Partner Countries — Consultative Partner —

observer countries —

the AEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) —

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) —

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УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 24

üРасшифруйте следующие сокращения; дайте их русские эквиваленты.

ASEAN, ZOPFAN, TAC, SEANWFZ, ARF, AFTA, APEC

ASEAN’S CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

üПрослушайте текст в чтении преподавателя.

üСделайте необходимые заметки, используя диагональную запись и знаки скорописи (см. Приложения).

üПереведите текст.

Note: This paper contains my personal views and does not represent my Indonesian Government views.

The outbreak of the Cambodian crisis has served as a constraint on the fulfillment of the dream of “One Southeast Asia” under the umbrella of ASEAN regional cooperation. Indeed, that crisis forced ASEAN to postpone Cambodian membership in the association for a number of reasons. Firstly, ASEAN clearly does not want to be seen as supporting one of the conflicting parties. Admitting Cambodia under the ‘present circumstances would inevitably con vey the impression that ASEAN has recognized Hun Sen as the de facto government of the country. The decision to postpone Cambodia’s membership was, therefore, intended to demonstrate the neutral position of ASEAN in the conflict. ASEAN has made it clear that it continues to recognize both Hun Sen and Norodom Ranariddh as co premiers of the country.

Secondly, the decision had to be taken in order to avoid the pos sibility of ASEAN becoming a new element in the Cambodian con flict and vice versa. It is very likely that Him Sen and Ranariddh would each have claimed the right to represent Cambodia in the association, making ASEAN one of the focal points in a contest for

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recognition between the two leaders ASEAN itself could not afford to bring the Cambodian conflict into its own house for it would complicate not only ASEAN diplomatic efforts to help find a solu tion to the crisis, but also its role in creating a more predictable and stable regional order in post Cold War Southeast Asia.

Thirdly, ASEAN’s decision indirectly indicates the associa tion’s reluctance to accept the use of force by any Cambodian party in imposing a political change. Here, ASEAN insists that the two conflicting parties should abide by the 1991 Paris Peace Agreement as the main mechanism for settling the remaining political problems in that country. This clearly indicates ASEAN’s adherence to the need to respect an international agreement. The current crisis in Cambodia, regardless of the question of who provoked whom, con stitutes a clear violation of that agreement. In this context, ASEAN has clearly maintained that a sensible peaceful settlement should be based on the Paris Peace Agreement.

Finally, it is also imperative for ASEAN to demonstrate that it is capable of deciding its own destiny. The decision conveys two important messages to the outside world. Firstly, it suggests ASEAN’s willingness and capability to reverse its previous decision to admit Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar simultaneously in July 1997 when the need to do so arose, without any pressure from outside. Secondly, it seems that through this decision ASEAN wants to make it clear that prospective member should conform to ASEAN’s own “rules of the game” before joining the association. Indeed, ASEAN’s response to the Cambodian crisis has been unprecedent ed. ASEAN Foreign Ministers, in this regard, managed at short notice to convene a special meeting in Kuala Lumpur to address the problem and quickly readied a unanimous decision.

The decision also demonstrates the association’s growing abili ty to deal with a crisis in an appropriate way. ASEAN’s quick reac tion constitutes an advance in the decision making process, which is often characterised by institutional constraints. This salutary situa tion is due to ASEAN’s basic approach to peace and security, which is based on a comprehensive idea of security embracing not only the military dimensions, but also the political, economic and socio cul

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tural aspect of security. ASEAN is convinced that the best way to ensure security is to develop, separately as individual nations and jointly as a regional organization, the political, economic and socio cultural strengths which, apart from military capability, make up a nation’s true capability to cope with any internal or external securi ty threat. This is the concept of national and regional resilience, which has guided much of the work of ASEAN.

Since the concept of resilience is largely an internal directed approach, logically it should be complemented by an externally directed approach. This is the concept of a Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN) in Southeast Asia as the blueprint of a code of conduct governing relations among the states within the zone as well as those outside it. It envisions the states in the zone as well as the outside powers committing themselves to a set of restraints necessary to ensure peace and forestall armed conflicts. When all concerned states have committed themselves to these restraints, it would be entirely unnecessary for the major powers to resort to military intervention and the regional states would have no cause to ever again invite or provoke major power intervention in their bilateral problems. Although ZOPFAN has not yet become a reality due to Cambodian crisis, some of its elements have already been incorporated in the 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) to which all ASEAN countries, Cambodia and Papua New Guinea have subscribed. Non Southeast Asians powers, who wish to associate themselves with the principles and purposes of the TAC, will soon be able to do so as the Treaty is opened for accession.

All ten Southeast Asian nations considerably advanced the cause of disarmament and peace when in 1995 they signed the Treaty on the establishment of a Southeast Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone (SEANWFZ). ASEAN senior officials are now working feverishly so that the Treaty would become a much more effective instrument of peace if the nuclear powers endorsed it by acceding to its protocol. As it is now, however, it has already helped make the region appreciably safer from nuclear war.

Earlier, in 1994, ASEAN launched a major exercise in preven tive diplomacy, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). The purpose of

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the ARF is to ensure that through dialogue and consultation, strate gic change in the region could be managed in such a way that a sta ble relationship among the major powers as well the regional powers can evolve peacefully over the next decade. Besides the ASEAN countries, ARF participants comprise ASEAN’s Dialogue Partner Countries, which include Russian Federation, Consultative Partner and Observer countries. Today the ARF is undertaking a wide range of confidence building measures that will make the security doc trines and postures of the countries involved much more transpar ent. Indeed, the ARF process does not only prevent disastrous mis calculations but it also positively builds goodwill and trust among the participating states.

Since the beginning, ASEAN was also developing as a regional association for economic and socio cultural cooperation These remain principal spheres of ASEAN activity even today. As the organ ization gained in confidence, intra ASEAN economic cooperation began to be complemented with economic cooperation with other countries and other regional organizations. One of ASEAN’s major contributions toward the achievement of free trade in the region is its current determined endeavors to establish the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) by the year 2003. Since long before ASEAN undertook the pursuit of AFTA, ASEAN have always been very much aware of the growing interdependence and globalization of the world economy. Fortunately, Australia in 1989 was taking the initiative in organizing a consultative forum that would be called Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). The timing was perfect and ASEAN countries at once indicated their readiness to participate in the forum.

Furthermore, mainly since 1996, ASEAN cooperation in sci ence and technology, culture and information, social development, and drugs and narcotics control has been intensified. The focus of the Plans of Action for these cooperative have been sharpened, and a theme “Shared prosperity through human development, techno logical competitiveness, and social cohesiveness” was adopted as a framework for creating a caring, cohesive and technologically com petitive ASEAN society that is able to face the challenges and seize the opportunities of the next century.

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Considering all of these, the ARF and APEC, together with others processes and arrangements in which ASEAN is involved, such as the SEANWFZ, the AFTA, the TAC, and the Plans of Action for functional cooperation support and complement each other and form a vital security web in Asia Pacific region. Therefore, due to its involvement and contributions to global stability and eco nomic development, ASEAN has been cited in global forums as one of the most successful sub regional organizations in the world today.

The paper was presented by Partogi J. Sainosir, Third Secretary Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia — Moscow at the International Conference “ASEAN — 30 years. Achievements and Prospects” organized by Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia Federation

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 25

üПовторите следующие ряды чисел вслед за преподавателем:

a)на русском языке;

b)на английском языке.

38; 126; 570; 1946 27; 300; 609; 1959 91; 287; 500; 1965 87; 110; 297; 1963 69; 104; 866; 1910 14; 326; 708; 1895 38; 103; 995; 1935 34; 542; 600; 1948 36; 114; 830; 1938 94; 416; 795; 1898

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 26

üСлушая в чтении преподавателя ряды чисел из предыдущего упражнения, переведите их:

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a)с русского языка на английский;

b)с английского на русский.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 27

üВыполните перевод с листа, обращая особое внимание на цифровой материал (числам, обозначающим площадь, предшествуют числа, обозначающие население).

Singapore [,si gə’p ] n.1. an island on the Strait of Singapore, off the S. tip of the Malay Peninsula. 2. an independent republic comprising this island and a few adjacent islets: member of the Commonwealth of Nations; formerly a British crown colony (1946– 59) and member of the federation of Malaysia (1963–65). 2,300,000; 220 sq. mi. (570 sq. km). Cap.: Singapore. 3. a seaport in and the capi tal of this republic. 1,400,000. — Sin gaopo reoan, n., adj.

Vietnam [’vjet’n m], [’vjet’n m] n.1. Official name, Socialist Republic of Vietnam. a country in SE Asia, comprising the former states of Annam, Tonkin, and Cochin China: formerly part of French Indochina; divided into North Vietnam and South Vietnam during the Vietnam War but now reunified. 49,200,000; 126,104 sq. mi. (326,609 sq. km). Cap.: Hanoi. Cf. North Vietnam, South Vietnam. 2. See Vietnam War.

Brunei [br ’nei] n.a sultanate under British protection on the NW coast of Borneo: formerly a British protectorate; gained inde pendence 1984. 235,000; 2220 sq. mi. (5750 sq. km). Cap.: Bandar Seri Begawan. Official name, Brunei — Daressalam, Dar es Salaam [’d ressə’l m] — Bruonei an, adj., n.

Philippines [‘filip nz] n. (used with a pl. v.) an archipelago of 7083 islands in the Pacific, SE of China: formerly (1898–1946) under the guardianship of the U.S.; now an independent republic. 48,098,460; 114,830 sq. mi. (297,410 sq. km). Cap.: Manila. Also called Philippine Islands. Formerly (1935 46), Commonwealth of the Philippines. Official name, Republic of the Philippines.

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Laos [‘lauz], [‘leioz] n.a country in SE Asia: formerly part of French Indochina. 2,900,000; 91,500 sq. mi. (236,985 sq. km). Cap.: Vientiane.

Cambodia [k m’bəudiə] n.a republic in SE Asia: formerly part of French Indochina. 8,110,000; 69,866 sq. mi. (180,953 sq. km). Cap.: Phnom Penh. Formerly, People’s Republic of Kampuchea, Khmer Republic.

China [‘ ainə] n.1. People’s Republic of, a country in E. Asia. 1,008,175,288; 3,691,502 sq. mi. (9,560,990 sq. km). Cap.: Beijing. 2. Republic of. Also called Nationalist China. a republic consisting mainly of the island of Taiwan off the SE coast of mainland China: under Nationalist control since 1948 but claimed by the People’s Republic of China. 16,100,000; 13,885 sq. mi. (35,960 sq. km). Cap.: Taipei.

Taiwan [tai’w n] n. Wade Giles, Pinyin. a Chinese island sep arated from the SE coast of China by Taiwan Strait: a possession of Japan 1895 1945; restored to China 1945; seat of the Republic of China since 1949. Cap.: Taipei. Also called Formosa.

Australia [ɔ’streiliə] n.1. a continent SE of Asia, between the Indian and the Pacific oceans. 14,576,330; 2,948,366 sq. mi. (7,636,270 sq. km). 2. Commonwealth of, a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, consisting of the federated states and territories of Australia and Tasmania. 14,995,287; 2,974,581 sq. mi. (7,704,165 sq. km). Cap.: Canberra.

New Zealand [‘nj ’z lənd] a country in the S. Pacific, SE of Australia, consisting of North Island, South Island, and adjacent small islands: a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. 3,129,383; 103,416 sq. mi. (267,845 sq. km). Cap.: Wellington. — New Zea landoer.

Japan [ ə’p n] n.1. a constitutional monarchy on a chain of islands off the E. coast of Asia: main islands, Hokkaido, Honshu,

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Kyushu, and Shikoku. 120,020,000; 141,529 sq. mi. (366,560 sq. km). Cap.: Tokyo. Japanese, Nihon, Nippon. 2. Sea of, the part of the Pacific Ocean between Japan and mainland Asia. Japan. Japanese.

Korea [kə’riə] n.1. a former country in E. Asia, on a peninsula SE of Manchuria and between the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea: a kingdom prior to 1910; under Japanese rule 1910–45; now divided at 38° N. into North Korea and South Korea. Cf. Korean War. 2. Democratic People’s Republic of, official name of North Korea. 3. Republic of, official name of South Korea. Cf. North Korea, South Korea.

North Korea a country in E. Asia: formed 1948 after the divi sion of the former country of Korea at 38° N. 16,000,000; 50,000 sq. mi. (129,500 sq. km). Cap.: Pyongyang. Cf. Korea. Official name, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. — North Kore an. South Korea a country in E Asia: formed 1948 after the division of the for mer country of Korea at 38° N. 34,708,542; 36,600 sq. mi. (94,795 sq. km). Cap.: Seoul. Cf. Korea. Official name, Republic of Korea. — South Kore an.

2. ПОЛИТИКА И ИСТОРИЯ СТРАН ACEAH

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 28

üВыучите следующие переводческие эквиваленты и приготовьтесь к их быстрому устному переводу.

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УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 29

ü Синхронно повторите, а потом переведите.

à)

Singaporean, Malay, Indonesian, Vietnamese; Chinese, Thai, Malays, Filipinos, Laotian, Cambodians, Kampuchean (Khmer); Indochina, Vietnam, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia (Kampuchea), Laos, the Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Thailand; Manila, Jakarta, Hanoi, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Bandar Seri Begawan, Phnom Penh. Filipinos (an Indo Polynesian ethnic grouping) are 95% of the Philippines population. Pilipino is the official language of the Philippines. It is based on Tagalog.

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