CISSP - Certified Information Systems Security Professional Study Guide, 2nd Edition (2004)
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Assessment Test |
xxxi |
6.How is annualized loss expectancy (ALE) calculated?
A.SLE AS (single loss expectancy asset value)
B.AS EF (asset value exposure factor)
C.ARO V (annualized rate of occurrence vulnerability)
D.SLE ARO (single loss expectancy annualized rate of occurrence
7.At what height and form will a fence deter determined intruders?
A.3- to 4-feet high chain link
B.6- to 7-feet high wood
C.8-feet high with 3 strands of barbed wire
D.4- to 5-feet high concrete
8.A VPN can be established over which of the following?
A.Wireless LAN connection
B.Remote access dial-up connection
C.WAN link
D.All of the above
9.What is the Biba access control model primarily based upon?
A.Identity
B.Analog
C.Military
D.Lattice
10.Which one of the following database backup techniques requires the greatest expenditure of funds?
A.Transaction logging
B.Remote journaling
C.Electronic vaulting
D.Remote mirroring
11.What is the value of the logical operation shown here?
X:0 1 1 0 1 0
Y:0 0 1 1 0 1
___________________________
X Y: |
? |
A.0 1 1 1 1 1
B.0 1 1 0 1 0
C.0 0 1 0 0 0
D.0 0 1 1 0 1
xxxii Assessment Test
12.Which one of the following security modes does not require that a user have a valid security clearance for all information processed by the system?
A.Dedicated mode
B.System high mode
C.Compartmented mode
D.Multilevel mode
13.You are the security administrator for an international shipping company. You have been asked to evaluate the security of a new shipment tracking system for your London office. It is important to evaluate the security features and assurance of the system separately to compare it to other systems that management is considering. What evaluation criteria should you use (assume the year is 1998)?
A.TCSEC
B.ITSEC
C.The Blue Book
D.IPSec
14.What is the last phase of the TCP/IP three-way handshake sequence?
A.SYN packet
B.ACK packet
C.NAK packet
D.SYN/ACK packet
15.Which of the following is a requirement of change management?
A.Changes must comply with Internet standards.
B.All changes must be capable of being rolled back.
C.Upgrade strategies must be revealed over the Internet.
D.The audit reports of change management should be accessible to all users.
16.Which of the following is a procedure designed to test and perhaps bypass a system’s security controls?
A.Logging usage data
B.War dialing
C.Penetration testing
D.Deploying secured desktop workstations
Assessment Test |
xxxiii |
17.At which layer of the OSI model does a router operate?
A.Network layer
B.Layer 1
C.Transport layer
D.Layer 5
18.Which of the following is considered a denial of service attack?
A.Pretending to be a technical manager over the phone and asking a receptionist to change their password
B.While surfing the Web, sending to a web server a malformed URL that causes the system to use 100 percent of the CPU to process an endless loop
C.Intercepting network traffic by copying the packets as they pass through a specific subnet
D.Sending message packets to a recipient who did not request them simply to be annoying
19.Audit trails, logs, CCTV, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, penetration testing, password crackers, performance monitoring, and cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) are examples of what?
A.Directive controls
B.Preventive controls
C.Detective controls
D.Corrective controls
20.Which one of the following vulnerabilities would best be countered by adequate parameter checking?
A.Time-of-check-to-time-of-use
B.Buffer overflow
C.SYN flood
D.Distributed denial of service
21.What technology allows a computer to harness the power of more than one CPU?
A.Multitasking
B.Multiprocessing
C.Multiprogramming
D.Multithreading
xxxiv Assessment Test
22.What type of backup stores all files modified since the time of the most recent full or incremental backup?
A.Full backup
B.Incremental backup
C.Partial backup
D.Differential backup
23.What law allows ISPs to voluntarily provide government investigators with a large range of user information without a warrant?
A.Electronic Communications Privacy Act
B.Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
C.USA Patriot Act
D.Privacy Act of 1974
24.What type of detected incident allows the most time for an investigation?
A.Compromise
B.Denial of service
C.Malicious code
D.Scanning
25.Auditing is a required factor to sustain and enforce what?
A.Accountability
B.Confidentiality
C.Accessibility
D.Redundancy
26.Which type of firewall automatically adjusts its filtering rules based on the content of the traffic of existing sessions?
A.Static packet-filtering
B.Application-level gateway
C.Stateful inspection
D.Dynamic packet-filtering
27.Which one of the following is a layer of the ring protection scheme that is not normally implemented in practice?
A.Layer 0
B.Layer 1
C.Layer 3
D.Layer 4
Assessment Test xxxv
28.In what type of cipher are the letters of the plaintext message rearranged to form the ciphertext?
A.Substitution cipher
B.Block cipher
C.Transposition cipher
D.One-time pad
29.What is the formula used to compute the ALE?
A.ALE = AV EF
B.ALE = ARO EF
C.ALE = AV ARO
D.ALE = EF ARO
30.Which of the following is the principle that objects retain their veracity and are only intentionally modified by authorized subjects?
A.Privacy
B.Authentication
C.Integrity
D.Data hiding
31.E-mail is the most common delivery vehicle for which of the following?
A.Viruses
B.Worms
C.Malicious code
D.All of the above
32.What type of physical security controls are access controls, intrusion detection, alarms, CCTV, monitoring, HVAC, power supplies, and fire detection and suppression?
A.Technical
B.Administrative
C.Physical
D.Preventative
33.In the United States, how are the administrative determinations of federal agencies promulgated?
A.Code of Federal Regulations
B.United States Code
C.Supreme Court decisions
D.Administrative declarations
xxxvi Assessment Test
34.What is the first step of the Business Impact Assessment process?
A.Identification of priorities
B.Likelihood assessment
C.Risk identification
D.Resource prioritization
35.If Renee receives a digitally signed message from Mike, what key does she use to verify that the message truly came from Mike?
A.Renee’s public key
B.Renee’s private key
C.Mike’s public key
D.Mike’s private key
36.The “something you are” authentication factor is also known as what?
A.Type 1
B.Type 2
C.Type 3
D.Type 4
37.What is the primary goal of risk management?
A.To produce a 100-percent risk-free environment
B.To guide budgetary decisions
C.To reduce risk to an acceptable level
D.To provide an asset valuation for insurance
Answers to Assessment Test xxxvii
Answers to Assessment Test
1.C. The Managed phase of the SW-CMM involves the use of quantitative development metrics. The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) defines the key process areas for this level as Quantitative Process Management and Software Quality Management. For more information, please see Chapter 7.
2.A, C. Because your organization needs to ensure confidentiality, you should choose the Bell-LaPadula model. To ensure the integrity of your data, you should also use the ClarkWilson model, which addresses separation of duties. This feature offers better protection from internal and external attacks. For more information, please see Chapter 12.
3.A. The purpose of a military and intelligence attack is to acquire classified information. The detrimental effect of using such information could be nearly unlimited in the hands of an enemy. Attacks of this type are launched by very sophisticated attackers. It is often very difficult to ascertain what documents were successfully obtained. So when a breach of this type occurs, you sometimes cannot know the full extent of the damage. For more information, please see Chapter 18.
4.B. The MD5 algorithm produces a 128-bit message digest for any input. For more information, please see Chapter 10.
5.B. Network-based IDSs are usually able to detect the initiation of an attack or the ongoing attempts to perpetrate an attack (including DoS). They are, however, unable to provide information about whether an attack was successful or which specific systems, user accounts, files, or applications were affected. Host-based IDSs have some difficulty with detecting and tracking down DoS attacks. Vulnerability scanners don't detect DoS attacks; they test for possible vulnerabilities. Penetration testing may cause a DoS or test for DoS vulnerabilities, but it is not a detection tool. For more information, please see Chapter 2.
6.D. Annualized loss expectancy (ALE) is the possible yearly cost of all instances of a specific realized threat against a specific asset. The ALE is calculated using the formula SLE ARO. For more information, please see Chapter 6.
7.C. A fence that is 8 feet high with 3 strands of barbed wire deters determined intruders. For more information, please see Chapter 19.
8.D. A VPN link can be established over any other network communication connection. This could be a typical LAN cable connection, a wireless LAN connection, a remote access dial-up connection, a WAN link, or even an Internet connection used by a client for access to the office LAN. For more information, please see Chapter 4.
9.D. Biba is also a state machine model based on a classification lattice with mandatory access controls. For more information, please see Chapter 1.
10.D. Remote mirroring maintains a live database server at the remote site and comes at the highest cost. For more information, please see Chapter 16.
11.A. The symbol represents the OR function, which is true when one or both of the input bits are true. For more information, please see Chapter 9.
xxxviii Answers to Assessment Test
12.D. In multilevel security mode, some users do not have a valid security clearance for all information processed by the system. For more information, please see Chapter 11.
13.B. ITSEC was developed in Europe for evaluating systems. Although TCSEC (also called the Orange Book) would satisfy the evaluation criteria, only ITSEC evaluates functionality and assurance separately. For more information, please see Chapter 12.
14.B. The SYN packet is first sent from the initiating host to the destination host. The destination host then responds with a SYN/ACK packet. The initiating host sends an ACK packet and the connection is then established. For more information, please see Chapter 8.
15.B. One of the requirements of change management is that all changes must be capable of being rolled back. For more information, please see Chapter 5.
16.C. Penetration testing is the attempt to bypass security controls to test overall system security. For more information, please see Chapter 14.
17.A. Network hardware devices, including routers, function at layer 3, the Network layer. For more information, please see Chapter 3.
18.B. Not all instances of DoS are the result of a malicious attack. Errors in coding OSs, services, and applications have resulted in DoS conditions. Some examples of this include a process failing to release control of the CPU or a service consuming system resources out of proportion to the service requests it is handling. Social engineering and sniffing are typically not considered DoS attacks. For more information, please see Chapter 2.
19.C. Examples of detective controls are audit trails, logs, CCTV, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, penetration testing, password crackers, performance monitoring, and CRCs. For more information, please see Chapter 13.
20.B. Parameter checking is used to prevent the possibility of buffer overflow attacks. For more information, please see Chapter 8.
21.B. Multiprocessing computers use more than one processor, in either a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) or massively parallel processing (MPP) scheme. For more information, please see Chapter 11.
22.D. Differential backups store all files that have been modified since the time of the most recent full or incremental backup. For more information, please see Chapter 16.
23.C. The USA Patriot Act granted broad new powers to law enforcement, including the solicitation of voluntary ISP cooperation. For more information, please see Chapter 17.
24.D. Scanning incidents are generally reconnaissance attacks. The real damage to a system comes in the subsequent attacks, so you may have some time to react if you detect the scanning attack early. For more information, please see Chapter 18.
25.A. Auditing is a required factor to sustain and enforce accountability. For more information, please see Chapter 14.
26.D. Dynamic packet-filtering firewalls enable real-time modification of the filtering rules based on traffic content. For more information, please see Chapter 3.
Answers to Assessment Test xxxix
27.B. Layers 1 and 2 contain device drivers but are not normally implemented in practice. Layer 0 always contains the security kernel. Layer 3 contains user applications. Layer 4 does not exist. For more information, please see Chapter 7.
28.C. Transposition ciphers use an encryption algorithm to rearrange the letters of the plaintext message to form a ciphertext message. For more information, please see Chapter 9.
29.C. The annualized loss expectancy (ALE) is computed as the product of the asset value (AV) times the annualized rate of occurrence (ARO). The other formulas displayed here do not accurately reflect this calculation. For more information, please see Chapter 15.
30.C. The principle of integrity states that objects retain their veracity and are only intentionally modified by authorized subjects. For more information, please see Chapter 5.
31.D. E-mail is the most common delivery mechanism for viruses, worms, Trojan horses, documents with destructive macros, and other malicious code. For more information, please see Chapter 4.
32.A. Technical security controls include access controls, intrusion detection, alarms, CCTV, monitoring, HVAC, power supplies, and fire detection and suppression. For more information, please see Chapter 19.
33.A. Administrative determinations of federal agencies are published as the Code of Federal Regulations. For more information, please see Chapter 17.
34.A. Identification of priorities is the first step of the Business Impact Assessment process. For more information, please see Chapter 15.
35.C. Any recipient can use Mike’s public key to verify the authenticity of the digital signature. For more information, please see Chapter 10.
36.C. A Type 3 authentication factor is something you are, such as fingerprints, voice print, retina pattern, iris pattern, face shape, palm topology, hand geometry, and so on. For more information, please see Chapter 1.
37.C. The primary goal of risk management is to reduce risk to an acceptable level. For more information, please see Chapter 6.
