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AutoCAD & AutoCAD LT All-In-One Desk Reference For Dummies (2006)

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Publisher’s Acknowledgments

We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our online registration form located at www.dummies.com/register/.

Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following:

	Acquisitions, Editorial, and	Composition Services
	Media Development	Project Coordinator: Tera Knapp
	Project Editors: Colleen Totz Diamond and	Project Coordinator: Tera Knapp
	Project Editors: Colleen Totz Diamond and	Layout and Graphics: Carl Byers, Andrea Dahl,
	Linda D. Morris	Layout and Graphics: Carl Byers, Andrea Dahl,
	Linda D. Morris	Denny Hager, Joyce Haughey,
	Acquisitions Editors: Tiffany Ma and	Denny Hager, Joyce Haughey,
	Acquisitions Editors: Tiffany Ma and	Stephanie D. Jumper, Alicia South
	Kyle Looper	Proofreaders: Vickie Broyles,
	Technical Editor: Mark Douglas	Proofreaders: Vickie Broyles,
	Technical Editor: Mark Douglas	Melissa D. Buddendeck, Leeann Harney,
	Editorial Manager: Jodi Jensen	Christine Pingleton, Dwight Ramsey
	Editorial Manager: Jodi Jensen	Indexer: Valerie Haynes Perry
	Media Development Manager:	Indexer: Valerie Haynes Perry
	Media Development Manager:
	Laura VanWinkle
	Editorial Assistant: Amanda Foxworth
	Sr. Editorial Assistant: Cherie Case
	Cartoons: Rich Tennant
	(www.the5thwave.com)

Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies

Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher

Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher

Mary Bednarek, Executive Acquisitions Director

Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director

Publishing for Consumer Dummies

Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher

Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director

Composition Services

Gerry Fahey, Vice President of Production Services

Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services

Contents at a Glance
Introduction .................................................................	1
Book I: AutoCAD Basics ................................................	7
Chapter 1: Drawing on (and in) AutoCAD .......................................................................	9
Chapter 2: Navigating the AutoCAD Interface ..............................................................	15
Chapter 3: All about Files ................................................................................................	35
Chapter 4: Basic Tools .....................................................................................................	55
Chapter 5: Setting Up Drawings......................................................................................	67
Chapter 6: Precision Tools ..............................................................................................	93
Book II: 2D Drafting .................................................	115
Chapter 1: Drawing Objects ..........................................................................................	117
Chapter 2: Modifying Objects .......................................................................................	143
Chapter 3: Managing Views ...........................................................................................	171
Book III: Annotating Drawings ..................................	185
Chapter 1: Text: When Pictures Just Won’t Do ...........................................................	187
Chapter 2: Dimensioning ...............................................................................................	213
Chapter 3: Hatching Your Drawings.............................................................................	241
Book IV: LT Differences.............................................	251
Chapter 1: The LT Difference ........................................................................................	253
Chapter 2: Extending AutoCAD LT................................................................................	261
Chapter 3: Mixed Environments ...................................................................................	269
Book V: 3D Modeling ................................................	275
Chapter 1: Introducing the Third Dimension..............................................................	277
Chapter 2: Using the 3D Environment .........................................................................	285
Chapter 3: Viewing in 3D ...............................................................................................	297
Chapter 4: Moving from 2D to 3D .................................................................................	307
Chapter 5: Working with Solids ....................................................................................	321
Chapter 6: Working with Surfaces ................................................................................	329
Chapter 7: Rendering: Lights, Cameras, AutoCAD! ....................................................	337

Book VI: Advanced Drafting ......................................	347
Chapter 1: Playing with Blocks .....................................................................................	349
Chapter 2: Dynamic Blocks ...........................................................................................	365
Chapter 3: External References ....................................................................................	381
Chapter 4: Organizing Your Drawings..........................................................................	405
Chapter 5: AutoCAD Utilities.........................................................................................	415
Book VII: Publishing Drawings ..................................	427
Chapter 1: Page Setup....................................................................................................	429
Chapter 2: Sheet Sets without Regret ..........................................................................	449
Chapter 3: Print, Plot, Publish ......................................................................................	477
Book VIII: Collaboration............................................	497
Chapter 1: CAD Management: The Necessary Evil.....................................................	499
Chapter 2: CAD Standards.............................................................................................	509
Chapter 3: Working with Drawing Files........................................................................	527
Chapter 4: Sharing Electronic Files ..............................................................................	547
Book IX: Customizing AutoCAD..................................	567
Chapter 1: The Basics of Customizing AutoCAD ........................................................	569
Chapter 2: Customizing the Interface ..........................................................................	587
Chapter 3: Customizing the Tools ................................................................................	607
Chapter 4: Delving Deeper into Customization ..........................................................	629
Book X: Programming AutoCAD .................................	651
Chapter 1: The AutoCAD Programming Interfaces ....................................................	653
Chapter 2: Using Custom Programs .............................................................................	663
Chapter 3: Introducing AutoLISP..................................................................................	681
Chapter 4: Visual Basic for AutoCAD ...........................................................................	719
Index .......................................................................	741

Table of Contents
Introduction..................................................................	1
About This Book...............................................................................................	1
Foolish Assumptions .......................................................................................	2
Conventions Used in This Book .....................................................................	2
How This Book Is Organized...........................................................................	2
Book I: AutoCAD Basics .........................................................................	2
Book II: 2D Drafting ................................................................................	3
Book III: Annotating Drawings ..............................................................	3
Book IV: LT Differences ..........................................................................	3
Book V: 3D Modeling ..............................................................................	3
Book VI: Advanced Drafting ..................................................................	3
Book VII: Publishing Drawings..............................................................	4
Book VIII: Collaboration.........................................................................	4
Book IX: Customizing AutoCAD ............................................................	4
Book X: Programming AutoCAD ...........................................................	4
Icons Used in This Book..................................................................................	4
Book I: AutoCAD Basics.................................................	7
Chapter 1: Drawing on (and in) AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.9
Using CAD in the Drawing Office....................................................................	9
Understanding AutoCAD Files and Formats ...............................................	10
Seeing the LT...................................................................................................	12
Using AutoCAD’s Latest-and-Greatest Feature Set.....................................	12
Chapter 2: Navigating the AutoCAD Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	15
Starting the Application ................................................................................	15
Creating Start menu shortcuts ...........................................................	16
Using desktop shortcuts .....................................................................	17
Accessing files from Windows Explorer ............................................	18
Touring the AutoCAD Interface ....................................................................	19
Title bars ...............................................................................................	19
AutoCAD menus....................................................................................	20
AutoCAD toolbars ................................................................................	21
Palettes ..................................................................................................	23
Drawing area .........................................................................................	25
The floating command window ..........................................................	26
The status bar.......................................................................................	27
Communicating with Your Software ............................................................	28
The command line................................................................................	28
Dynamic input.......................................................................................	29
Dialog boxes..........................................................................................	29

xii AutoCAD & AutoCAD LT All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies

Running AutoCAD Commands......................................................................	30
Grasping the AutoCAD Difference................................................................	30
Repeating a command .........................................................................	30
Canceling a running command ...........................................................	31
Invoking transparent commands .......................................................	31
Reaching for AutoCAD Help..........................................................................	32
Using built-in Help ................................................................................	32
Using the Info Palette...........................................................................	33
Finding online resources .....................................................................	33
Chapter 3: All about Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	35
File Types in AutoCAD...................................................................................	35
Starting a New Drawing .................................................................................	38
Starting from scratch ...........................................................................	40
Using a Wizard ......................................................................................	40
Using a template ...................................................................................	42
Saving a Drawing ............................................................................................	43
Save ........................................................................................................	44
Save As...................................................................................................	44
QSAVE ....................................................................................................	44
Opening an Existing Drawing........................................................................	46
Open command ....................................................................................	46
Using Windows Explorer ....................................................................	48
The Multiple-Drawing Environment.............................................................	50
Closing Windows ............................................................................................	50
File Management for AutoCAD .....................................................................	51
Naming drawing files............................................................................	52
Storing your files ..................................................................................	52
Backing Up Is Hard to Do . . . ........................................................................	53
Chapter 4: Basic Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	55
Drawing Lines .................................................................................................	55
Creating Circles .............................................................................................	58
Taking a Closer Look......................................................................................	60
Checking out Zoom Realtime ..............................................................	60
Using Pan Realtime...............................................................................	61
Editing Objects ...............................................................................................	63
Erasing and Unerasing Stuff..........................................................................	63
Using the digital eraser........................................................................	63
Unerasing objects.................................................................................	64
Undo. Redo. Undo. Redo . . . .........................................................................	65
Chapter 5: Setting Up Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	67
Choosing Units of Measurement ..................................................................	67
AutoCAD units ......................................................................................	69
Imperial or metric ................................................................................	70
System variables...................................................................................	70
Setting units in your drawing..............................................................	71

Table of Contents	xiii
Setting Limits for Your Drawings .................................................................	72
Understanding Drawing Scale.......................................................................	74
Scaling on the drawing board .............................................................	74
Scaling in AutoCAD ..............................................................................	75
Scale factors..........................................................................................	75
Using scale factors to establish drawing settings............................	76
Lost in Space: Model or Paper? ....................................................................	77
A Layered Approach ......................................................................................	78
Creating layers......................................................................................	79
Defining layer properties.....................................................................	80
Setting layer modes..............................................................................	81
Modifying layer settings ......................................................................	82
The Layer Control drop-down list ......................................................	88
Object Properties ...........................................................................................	89
Using AutoCAD’s color systems .........................................................	89
Using linetypes .....................................................................................	90
Setting Up Standards .....................................................................................	91
Chapter 6: Precision Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . .93
Understanding Accuracy and Precision......................................................	93
Understanding Coordinate Systems ............................................................	94
The World Coordinate System............................................................	96
Entering coordinates............................................................................	97
Direct Distance Entry.........................................................................	101
Dynamic input and coordinate entry...............................................	102
Setting Grid and Snap ..................................................................................	102
Understanding Ortho and Polar Tracking.................................................	105
Using ortho mode...............................................................................	105
Using polar tracking...........................................................................	105
Working with Object Snaps.........................................................................	108
Using Point Filters ........................................................................................	110
Working with Object Snap Tracking Mode................................................	112
Book II: 2D Drafting..................................................	115
Chapter 1: Drawing Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .117
Locating and Using the Drawing Tools......................................................	117
Let’s Get Primitive........................................................................................	120
Keeping to the straight and narrow .................................................	120
Going around in circles......................................................................	121
Arcs of triumph...................................................................................	123
The point of the exercise...................................................................	124
Creating Construction Geometry ...............................................................	126
Xlines for X-men .................................................................................	126
A little ray of sunshine.......................................................................	127

xiv AutoCAD & AutoCAD LT All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies

Without a Trace............................................................................................	128
A Bit Sketchy.................................................................................................	129
Drawing Parallel Lines .................................................................................	130
Making multilines ...............................................................................	131
Complex Curves ...........................................................................................	133
Lucy, you got some splining to do!...................................................	133
Solar Ellipses.......................................................................................	135
Complex Objects and Shapes .....................................................................	137
2D Solids ..............................................................................................	137
Rectang, Polygon, Donut ...................................................................	138
Polylines ..............................................................................................	139
Chapter 2: Modifying Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .143
Setting Selection Options............................................................................	143
Selecting Objects..........................................................................................	145
Selecting multiple objects .................................................................	146
Object selection modes .....................................................................	147
Object groups .....................................................................................	149
AutoCAD’s Editing Commands ...................................................................	150
Removing stuff ....................................................................................	153
Relocating and replicating.................................................................	154
Rotating and resizing ........................................................................	162
Breaking, mending, and blowing up real good ...............................	163
Double-barrel commands ..................................................................	164
Specialized commands ......................................................................	166
Changing properties...........................................................................	167
Changing your mind...........................................................................	168
Coming to Grips with Grips ........................................................................	168
Chapter 3: Managing Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .171
A Zoom of One’s Own ..................................................................................	173
Wheeling through your drawing.......................................................	175
Realtime zooming ...............................................................................	176
Pan in a Flash................................................................................................	178
Realtime panning................................................................................	179
Name That View ...........................................................................................	180
Creating views.....................................................................................	180
Other view options.............................................................................	182
Book III: Annotating Drawings ...................................	185
Chapter 1: Text: When Pictures Just Won’t Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .187
Text in AutoCAD ...........................................................................................	187
Getting familiar with text terminology ............................................	188
Will that be one line or two? .............................................................	189
Justification.........................................................................................	190
Where should text go? .......................................................................	192

Table of Contents	xv
Fonts ..............................................................................................................	195
Types used by AutoCAD....................................................................	195
Using fonts in drawings .....................................................................	195
Working with Text Styles.............................................................................	196
Creating Single Line Text.............................................................................	199
Working with Multiline Text........................................................................	201
Creating Multiline Text ................................................................................	203
Formatting options.............................................................................	203
Numbered and bulleted lists.............................................................	204
Fields, masks, and other multiline text delights.............................	205
Editing Text ...................................................................................................	207
Editing single-line text .......................................................................	207
Editing multiline text..........................................................................	207
Turning the Tables .......................................................................................	208
Setting the table with styles..............................................................	208
Creating and editing tables ...............................................................	210
Chapter 2: Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	213
Understanding What a Dimension Is Made Of..........................................	213
Types of Dimensions....................................................................................	215
Associative dimensions .....................................................................	215
Non-associative dimensions .............................................................	215
Exploded dimensions.........................................................................	215
Specifying the Type of Dimension to Create.............................................	216
Using and Creating Dimension Styles........................................................	217
Working with the Dimension Style Manager ...................................	217
Creating a dimension style................................................................	218
The New Dimension Style dialog box ..............................................	219
Dimension variables...........................................................................	223
Setting a dimension style current ....................................................	224
Modifying a dimension style .............................................................	224
Renaming a dimension style .............................................................	226
Deleting a dimension style ................................................................	226
Importing a dimension style .............................................................	226
Creating Dimensions....................................................................................	227
Linear and aligned dimensions.........................................................	227
Baseline and continued dimensions ................................................	229
Angular dimensions ...........................................................................	230
Arc length dimensions .......................................................................	231
Radius, diameter, and jogged dimensions.......................................	232
Ordinate dimensions..........................................................................	234
The Quick Dimension command ......................................................	234
Trans-spatial dimensions ..................................................................	235
Editing Dimensions ......................................................................................	235
Adding overrides to a dimension .....................................................	235
Editing the dimension text ................................................................	236
Using grips to edit dimensions .........................................................	236
Associating dimensions.....................................................................	236
Leaders ..........................................................................................................	237
Working with Geometric Tolerances .........................................................	238

xvi AutoCAD & AutoCAD LT All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies

Chapter 3: Hatching Your Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241

Adding Hatch Patterns and Fills.................................................................	242
Adding hatch to a drawing ................................................................	243
Hatching and tool palettes ................................................................	245
Hatching and DesignCenter ..............................................................	245
Advanced settings for additional control........................................	245
Working with Hatch Patterns and Solid Fills ............................................	247
Predefined patterns............................................................................	247
User-defined patterns ........................................................................	247
Custom hatch patterns ......................................................................	247
Using Gradient Fills......................................................................................	248
Editing Hatch Patterns and Fills.................................................................	249
Book IV: LT Differences .............................................	251
Chapter 1: The LT Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .253
Understanding the Boundaries and Limitations of AutoCAD LT............	253
Determining Whether AutoCAD or AutoCAD LT Is Best for You ............	258
Chapter 2: Extending AutoCAD LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .261
Customizing AutoCAD LT ............................................................................	261
It’s in the script...................................................................................	261
Linetype and hatch patterns.............................................................	262
Blocks and DesignCenter...................................................................	262
Tool palettes .......................................................................................	263
Changing the user interface with CUI ..............................................	263
Diesel....................................................................................................	264
Command aliases ...............................................................................	264
Desktop icons .....................................................................................	264
Object Enabler Technology ........................................................................	264
Additional Utilities Available from Autodesk ...........................................	265
DWG TrueConvert ..............................................................................	265
Viewers ................................................................................................	265
Companion Products from Autodesk ........................................................	266
Autodesk Symbols 2000.....................................................................	266
Autodesk VIZ 2007..............................................................................	266
Third-Party Custom Solutions ....................................................................	266
Block utilities/libraries ......................................................................	267
Viewers ................................................................................................	267
Chapter 3: Mixed Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .269
Using AutoCAD LT and AutoCAD in the Same Office ...............................	269
Budgeting ............................................................................................	269
Training................................................................................................	270
Communication ..................................................................................	270
Environment........................................................................................	270

	Table of Contents	xvii
Customization.....................................................................................		270
Deployment/installation ....................................................................		271
Making the Trip from AutoCAD to AutoCAD LT .......................................		271
2D drafting...........................................................................................		271
3D modeling ........................................................................................		272
Annotation...........................................................................................		273
Viewing ................................................................................................		273
Visualization........................................................................................		273
CAD Standards ....................................................................................		274
Collaboration/sharing........................................................................		274
Book V: 3D Modeling	.................................................	275
Chapter 1: Introducing the Third Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		. .277
Understanding the Different Types of 3D Models....................................		278
Entering Coordinates above the x,y Plane................................................		279
Manually inputting coordinates .......................................................		279
Point filters..........................................................................................		282
Object snaps	.......................................................................................	282
Object snap tracking..........................................................................		282
Elevation . . .	going up........................................................................	283
Chapter 2: Using the 3D Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		. .285
Setting Up AutoCAD for 3D .........................................................................		285
Orienting yourself in the drawing window......................................		286
Customizing crosshairs and dynamic input ...................................		287
Using workspaces to switch between 2D and 3D drafting ............		288
Introducing toolbars and palettes for 3D ........................................		288
Accelerating your hardware..............................................................		289
Understanding What the UCS Icon Is Telling You ....................................		290
Orientating yourself with the UCS icon ...........................................		290
Controlling the display of the UCS icon...........................................		291
Using the Coordinate System for 3D Drawing ..........................................		292
Understanding the coordinate system ............................................		293
Adjusting the UCS...............................................................................		294
Chapter 3: Viewing in 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		. .297
Establishing a Different Point of View .......................................................		297
Using preset views .............................................................................		297
Finding your way with the compass and tripod.............................		298
Cameras ...............................................................................................		299
Perspective versus parallel...............................................................		300
Orbiting around a 3D Model .......................................................................		300
Navigating a 3D Model.................................................................................		302
Adding Some Color and Style to a 3D Model ............................................		304
Visual styles in AutoCAD ...................................................................		304
Shademode in AutoCAD LT ...............................................................		305

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