Yang Fluidization, Solids Handling, and Processing

Three-Phase Fluidization Systems 675

Paz, E. D. D., Santana, M. H. A., and Eguchi, S. Y., “Enhancement of the Oxygen Transfer in a Circulating Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Bioreactor,” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 39/40:455 (1993)

Petersen, J. N., and Davison, B. H., “Development of a Predictive Description of an Immobilized-Cell, Three-Phase, Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 46:139 (1995)

Petrov…i…, J., Hvala, N., Bitenc, A., and Strm…nik, S., “Low-Cost Steam Consumption Control System for Batch Pulp Cooking,” Control Eng. Practice, 3(3):357 (1995)

Petrozzi, S., Kut, O. M., and Dunn, I. J., “Protection of Biofilms Against Toxic Shocks by the Adsorption and Desorption Capacity of Carriers in Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactors,” Bioproc. Eng., 9:47 (1993)

Petrozzi, S., and Dunn, I. J., “Biological Cyanide Degradation in Aerobic Fluidized Bed Reactors: Treatment of Almond Seed Wastewater,” Bioproc. Eng., 11:29 (1994)

Pfeffer, J. T., and Suidan, M. T., “Continuous Processing of Toxic Organics in a Fluidized-Bed GAC Reactor Employing Carbon Replacement,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 33:139 (1989)

Potthoff, M., and Bohnet, M., “Influence of Solids Concentration and Static Mixers on Fluid Dynamics in Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Bioreactors,”

Chem. Eng. Technol., 16:147 (1993)

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Puhakka, J. A., Herwig, R. P., Koro, P. M., Wolfe, G. V., and Ferguson, J. F., “Biodegradation of Chlorophenols by Mixed and Pure Cultures from a Fluidized-Bed Reactor,” Appl., Microbiol. Biotechnol., 42:951 (1995)

Qureshi, N., and Maddox, I. S., “Reactor Design for the ABE Fermentation Using Cells of Clostridium acetobutylicum Immobilized by Adsorption onto Bonechar,” Bioproc. Eng., 3:69 (1988)

Qureshi, N., and Maddox, I. S., “A Mathematical Model of a Fluidized Bed Reactor for the Continuous Production of Solvents by Immobilized

Clostridium acetobutylicum,” J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 48:369 (1990)

Qureshi, N., and Maddox, I. S., “Application of Novel Technology to the ABE Fermentation Process: An Economic Analysis,” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 34/35:441 (1992)

Racher, A. J., and Griffiths, J. B., “Investigation of Parameters Affecting a Fixed Bed Bioreactor Process for Recombinant Cell Lines,” Cytotechnol., 13:125 (1993)

Ramsay, B. A., Wang, D., Chavarie, C., Rouleau, D., and Ramsay, J. A., “Penicillin Production in an Inverse Fluidized Bed Bioreactor,” J. Ferm. Bioeng., 72:495 (1991)

676 Fluidization, Solids Handling, and Processing

Reese, J., Jiang, P., and Fan, L. S., “Bubble Characteristics in Three-Phase Systems used for Pulp and Paper Processing,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 51:2501 (1996)

Reiter, M., Buchacher, A., Blüml, G., Zach, N., Steinfellner, W., Schmatz, C., Gaida, T., Assadian, A., and Katinger, H., “Production of the HIV-1 Neutralising Human Monoclonal Antibody 2F5: Stirred Tank Versus Fluidized Bed Culture,” Animal Cell Technology, (R. E. Spier, J. B. Griffith, and W. Berthold, eds.), p. 333, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (1994)

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Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs., 32:35 (1954)

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AIChE Symp. Series: Advances in Forest Products Environmental and Process Eng., The 1993 Forest Products Symp., (C. L. Verrill, ed.), 90(302):167, AIChE, New York (1994)

Rihar, M., “The Software Simulator as an Effective Tool for Testing Control Algorithms,” Simulation, 63(1):6 (1994)

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Romli, M., Greenfield, P. F., and Lee, P. L., “Effect of Recycle on a Two-Phase High-Rate Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment System,” Wat. Res., 28:475 (1994)

Roustan, M., Capdeville, B., and Bastoul, D., “Influence of the Hydrodynamic Behaviour of a Three-Phase Fluidised Bed Used for Effluent Treatment,”

3rd Int. Conf. on Bioreactor and Bioprocess Fluid Dynamics, (A. W. Nienow, ed.), p. 323, Information Press, Ltd., Oxford (1993)

Ruggeri, B., Caire, G., Specchia, V., Sassi, G., Bosco, F., and Gianetto, A., “Determination of Optimal Biofilm Activity in a Biological Fluidized Bed (BFB) Reactor,” Wat. Sci. Tech., 29(10-11):347 (1994)

Ryhiner, G., Petrozzi, S., and Dunn, I. J., “Operation of a Three-Phase Biofilm Fluidized Sand Bed Reactor for Aerobic Wastewater Treatment,”

Biotechnol. Bioeng., 32:677 (1988)

Sajc, L., Obradovic, B., Vukovic, D., Bugarski, B., Grubisic, D., and VunjakNovakovic, G., “Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Four-Phase External Loop Air Lift Bioreactor,” Biotechnol. Prog., 11:420 (1995)

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Sanz, I., and Fdz-Polanco, F., “Low Temperature Treatment of Municipal Sewage in Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactors,” Wat. Res., 24:463 (1990)

Three-Phase Fluidization Systems 677

Saraiva, P. M., and Stephanopoulos, G., “Continuous Process Improvement through Inductive and Analogical Learning,” AIChE J., 38:161 (1992)

Saxena, S. C., Rosen, M., Smith, D. N., and Ruether, J. A., “Mathematical Modeling of Fischer-Tropsch Slurry Bubble Column Reactors,” Chem. Eng. Comm., 40:97 (1986)

Schneeberg, E., “Increase of Efficiency of an Activated Sludge Plant in Paper Manufacturing Industry by Application of a Fluidized Bed System,” Wat. Sci. Tech., 29(12):177 (1994)

Schoutens, G. H., Guit, R. P., Zieleman, G. J., Luyben, K. C. A. M., and Kossen, N. W. F., “A Comparative Study of a Fluidised Bed Reactor and a Gas Lift Loop Reactor for the IBE Process: Part I. Reactor Design and Scale Down Approach,” J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 36:335 (1986a)

Schoutens, G. H., Guit, R. P., Zieleman, G. J., Luyben, K. C. A. M., and Kossen, N. W. F., “A Comparative Study of a Fluidised Bed Reactor and a Gas Lift Loop Reactor for the IBE Process: Part II. Hydrodynamics and Reactor Modelling,” J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 36:415 (1986b)

Schoutens, G. H., Guit, R. P., Zieleman, G. J., Luyben, K. C. A. M., and Kossen, N. W. F., “A Comparative Study of a Fluidised Bed Reactor and a Gas Lift Loop Reactor for the IBE Process: Part III. Reactor Performances and Scale Up,” J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 36:565 (1986c)

Schügerl, K., “Biofluidization: Application of the Fluidization Technique in Biotechnology,” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 67:178 (1989)

Scott, C. D., “Ethanol Production in a Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor Utilizing Flocculating Zymomonas Mobilis with Biomass Recycle,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. Ser., 13:287 (1983)

Scragg, A. H., “Bioreactors for the Mass Cultuire of Plant Cells,” Plant Biotechnology: Comprehensive Biotechnol., (M. W. Fowler, and G. S. Warren, eds.), p. 45, Second Supplement, Pergamon Press, Oxford (1992)

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Seki, M., Naito, K. I., and Furusaki, S., “Effect of Co-Immobilization of Microporous Particles on the Overall Reaction Rate of Immobilized Cell Biocatalysts,” J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 26:662 (1993)

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Shen, B., Greenfield, P., and Reid, S., “Calcium Alginate Immobilized Hybridomas Grown Using a Fluidized-Bed Perfusion System with a Protein-Free Medium,” Cytotechnol., 14:109 (1994)

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678 Fluidization, Solids Handling, and Processing

Shirai, Y., Yamaguchi, M., Kobayashi, A., Nishi, A., Nakamura, H., and Murakami, H., “Change in Growth Kinetics of Hybridoma Cells Entrapped in Collagen Gel Affected by Alkaline Supply,” Cytotechnol., 14:129 (1994)

Shu, C. H., and Yang, S. T., “Effect of Particle Loading on GM-CSF Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Bioreactor,”

Biotechnol. Bioeng., 51:229 (1996)

Siegel, M. H., and Robinson, C. W., “Applications of Airlift Gas-Liquid-Solid Reactors in Biotechnology,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 47:3215 (1992)

Siegell, J. H., “Liquid-Fluidized Magnetically Stabilized Beds,” Powder Tech., 52:139 (1987)

Silbiger, E., and Freeman, A., “Continuous 1-Hydrocortisone Dehydrogenation with in Situ Product Recovery,” Enzyme Microb. Technol., 13:869 (1991)

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Sreekrishnan, T. R., Ramachandran, K. B., and Ghosh, P., “Effect of Operating Variables on Biofilm Formation and Performance of an Anaerobic FluidizedBed Bioreactor,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 37:557 (1991)

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Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics, Slurry Flow Technol., (N. Cheremisinoff, ed.), 5:291, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston (1986)

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Sun, Y., and Furusaki, S., “Continuous Production of Acetic Acid Using Immobilized Acetobacter aceti in a Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Bioreactor,” J. Ferm. Bioeng., 69:102 (1990)

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Tetsu to Hagane, 75:89 (1989)

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Tanaka, H., Enoki, N., Kaneki, N., Sakai, H., Shimada, K., and Hara, H., “A Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Fuel Cell,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 137:2798 (1990)

Tanemura, K., Kida, K., Ikbal, Matsumoto, J., and Sonoda, Y., “Anaerobic Treatment of Wastewater with High Salt Content from a Pickled-Plum Manufacturing Process,” J. Ferm. Bioeng. 77:188 (1994a)

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Tang, W. T., and Fan, L. -S., “Steady State Phenol Degradation in a Draft-Tube, Gas-Liquid-Solid Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor,” AIChE J., 33:239 (1987)

Tang, W. T., Wisecarver, K., and Fan, L. S., “Dynamics of a Draft Tube Gas- Liquid-Solid Fluidized Bed Bioreactor for Phenol Degradation,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 42:2123 (1987)

Tang, W. T., and Fan, L. -S., “Hydrodynamics of a Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Containing Low-Density Particles,” AIChE J., 35:355 (1989)

Tang, W. -T., and Fan, L. -S., “Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in a Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Containing Low Density Particles,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29:128 (1990)

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Tong, C. C., and Fan, L. S., “Concentration Multiplicity in a Draft Tube FluidizedBed Bioreactor Involving Two Limiting Substrates,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 31:24 (1988)

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Toseland, B. A., Brown, D. M., Zou, B. S., and Dudukovi…, M., “Flow Patterns in a Slurry-Bubble-Column Reactor Conditions,” Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs., 73:297 (1995)

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DECHEMA Biotechnol. Conf., 3:507 (1989)

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682 Fluidization, Solids Handling, and Processing

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