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24Komarov E., Shumkov V., Chemistry Chem. Thermodyn. Solution, Leningrad, Univers,1973, 3, 151-186.

25Bishop R., Sutton L., J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 6100-6105.

26Bhownik B., Srimani P., Spectrochim. acta, 1973, A29, 6, 935—942.

27Ewall R., Sonnesa A., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1970, 92, 9, 3845-3848.

28Drago R., Bolles T., Niedzielski R., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1966, 88, 2717-2721.

29Fialkov Yu., Barbash V., Theoret. Exper. Chem.(russ.), 1986, 22, 248-252.

30Barbash V., Fialkov Yu., Shepet`ko N., J. Gener. Chem.(russ.), 1983, 53, 10, 2178-2180.

31Fialkov Yu., Barbash V., Sovyet Progress in Chemistry, 1985, 51, 4, 354-367.

32Barbash V., Fialkov Yu., Sovyet Progress in Chemistry, 1983, 49, 11, 1157-1160.

33Barbash V., Golubev N., Fialkov Yu., Doklady Akademii Nauk USSR, 278, 2, 1984, 390-391.

34Borovikov A., Fialkov Yu., J. Gener. Chem.(russ.), 1978, 48, 2, 250-253.

35Pavelka Z., Sobczyk L., Roczn. chem., 1975, 49, 7/8, 1383-1394.

36Padova J., J. Phys. Chem., 1968, 72, 796-801.

37Bachshiev, Spectroscopy of Intermolecular Interactions, Leningrad, Nauka, 1972.

38Mishustin A., J. Phys. Chem.(russ.), 1987, 61, 2, 404-408.

39Mishustin A., Kruglyak A., J. Gener. Chem.(russ.), 1987, 57, 8, 1806-1810.

40Reynolds W., Inorg.Chem., 1985, 24, 25, 4273-4278; J. Chem. Soc. Comm., 1985, 8, 526-529.

41Busse J., Ber. Buns. phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 9, 982-985.

42Fuldner H., Ber. Buns. phys. Chem., 1982, 86, 1, 68-71.

43Kobayashi K., Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1987, 60, 467-470.

44Marcus Y., Ion Solvation, N-Y, Wiley, Chichester,1985.

45Gordon J., The Organic Chemistry of Electrolyte Solutions, 1977, N-Y-London-Sydney-Toronto, John Wiley&Sons.

46Buleishvili M., Fialkov Yu., Chumak V., Sovyet Progress in Chemistry, 1983, 49, 6, 599-602.

47Fialkov Yu., Chumak V., Rudneva S., Doklady Akademii Nauk Ukraine,"B", 1984, 4, 49-53.

48Dorofeeva N., Kovalskaya V., Fialkov Yu., Shlyachanova V., Sovyet Progress in Chemistry, 1984, 50, 5, 476-479.

49Lukyunova S., Fialkov Yu., Chumak V., Sovyet Progress in Chemistry, 1987, 53, 3, 252-255.

50Levinskas A., Shmauskaite S., Pavidite Z., Electrochemistry(russ.), 1978, 14, 12, 1885-1889.

51Fialkov Yu., Pinchuk V., Rudneva S., Chumak V., Doklady Akademii Nauk USSR, 1984, 277, 1, 136-138.

52Fialkov Yu., Dorofeeva N., Chumak V., Thermodynamic Properties of Solutions, Ivanovo, 1984, 95-100.

53Izmailov N., Electrochemistry of Solutions, Khimiya, Moskow, 1966.

54Busse J., Ber. Buns. phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 9, 982-985.

55Fialkov Yu., Chumak V., Borchashvili A., Sovyet Progress in Chemistry, 1984, 50, 7, 10, 705-708, 1023-1027.

56Fialkov Yu., Tarasenko Yu., Kryukov B., Doklady Akademii Nauk Ukraine,"B", 1985, 2, 59-61.

57Kryukov B., Tarasenko Yu., Fialkov Yu., Chumak V., Sovyet Progress in Chemistry, 1985, 51, 1, 34-38.

58Fialkov Yu., Chumak V., Chem. Chem. Technol.(russ.), 1976, 19, 2, 265-268.

59Buleishvili M., Fialkov Yu., Chumak V., Sovyet Progress in Chemistry, 1983, 50, 2, 214-216.

60Fialkov Yu., Zhadaev B., Thermodynamic Properties of Solutions , Ivanovo, 1979, pp.90-104.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This following section contains acknowledgments included in the various sections of the book which were combined to form one section. For better identification, individual acknowledgments follow the reference to the title and authors of the book section.

Preface

George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada

I would like to thank Dr. Robert Fox and John Paterson who made all efforts that the language used in this book is simple to understand and the book is read with pleasure.

4.2 Polar solvation dynamics: Theory and simulations

Abraham Nitzan, School of Chemistry, the Sackler Faculty of Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel

This work was supported by Israel Science Foundation. I thank my E. Neria, R. Olender and P. Graf who collaborated with me on some of the works described in this report.

4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions

Christian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Geusaer Straße, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany

Thanks are given to G. Sadowski (TU Berlin) for providing Figure 4.4-7(b), B. A Wolf (Univ. Mainz) for providing Figure 4.4-13, and G. Maurer (Univ. Kaiserslautern) for providing Figure 4.4-6. Furthermore, I wish to thank M. D. Lechner (Univ. Osnabrück) and G. Sadowski for many helpful comments and discussions about this manuscript.

5.4 Mixed solvents, a way to change the polymer solubility

Ligia Gargallo and Deodato Radic, Facultad de Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile

The authors wish to express their appreciation to Mrs. Viviana Ulloa for her technical assistance in this work and to publishers and authors for permission to reproduce figures and tables from their publications as indicated specifically in the legends of the figures and tables.

6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents

E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia

This work was supported by a grant from Russian Fund of Fundamental Research (grant No 98-03-33333).

1654 Acknowledgments

10.3 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales

Javier Catalán, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain

The author wishes to thank all those who contributed to the development of our solvent scales (C. Díaz, P. Pérez, V. López, J.L. G de Paz, R. Martín-Villamil, J.G. González , J. Palomar, and F. García-Blanco) and also Spain’s DGICyT (Project PB98-0063) for funding this work.

12.2 Chain conformations of polysaccharides in different solvents

Ranieri Urbani and Attilio Cesàro, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Italy

The paper has been prepared with financial support of University of Trieste and of Progetto Coordinato “Proprietà dinamiche di oligo e polisaccaridi”, Grant CT97-02765.03 of the National Research Council of Italy (Rome). The authors wish also to thank dr. Paola Sist for patient technical assistance.

13.2 Solvent Effects on Free Radical Polymerization

Michelle L. Coote and Thomas P. Davis, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering & Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

We acknowledge the publishers Marcel Dekker for allowing us to reproduce sections of an earlier review, “A Mechanistic Perspective on Solvent Effects in Free Radical Polymerization”.128 MLC acknowledges the receipt of an Australian Postgraduate Award.

14.19.2 Recent advances in coalescing solvents for waterborne coatings David Randall, Chemoxy International pcl, Cleveland, United Kingdom

I would like to acknowledge with much gratitude the help given by Mr R J Foster of Harco for his help in assembling the MFFT data for the presentation. I must also thank my colleagues at Chemoxy, Ms Carol White, who assembled much of the data used in this paper, and Miss Tracy McGough, who helped me produce the OHPs. Finally, I must acknowledge the assistance given by Mr T J P Thomas, who has acted as a consultant to Chemoxy International in this whole area.

I am indebted to Bob Foster at Harco, who kindly carried out some comparative formulations using Coasol, Di-isopropyl AGS and Di-isopropyl Adipate in comparison with a Monoester of Pentane Diol.

14.21.1 Use of solvents in the manufacture of drug substances (DS) and drug products (DP) 16.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances

Michel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthélabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthélémy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et Biopharmacie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France

The authors thank Nick Anderson, Steve Byard, Juliette de Miras and Susan Richardson for their participation in the elaboration of this document.

15.2.2 A simple test to determine toxicity using bacteria

James L. Botsford, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA

This work has been supported by the principal investigator’s participation in several programs to assist ethnic minorities in the sciences. Many students have helped with this work.

20.3 Pregnancy outcome following maternal organic solvent exposure

Kristen I. McMartin and Gideon Koren, The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada

Supported by grants from Imperial Oil Limited, Physician Services Incorporated, The Medical Research Council of Canada, and the CIBC Global Market Children’s Miracle Foundation Chair in Child Health Research, The University of Toronto.

20.4 Industrial solvents and kidney disease

20.6Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatoid exchanges

20.7Hepatotoxicity

Nachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA

The author wishes to thank Ms. S. Loomis for her tireless work in transcribing this manuscript.

21.1 Supercritical solvents

Aydin K. Sunol and Sermin G. Sunol, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

Assistance of both Dr. John P. Kosky of MEI Corporation and Irmak E. Serifoglu with editing and typesetting are appreciated.