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TABLE 10.6 Vapor Permeability Constants (10		10 P ) at 35 C for Polymers
All tabulated values are multiplied by 10	10	and are in units of seconds	1 (centimeters of Hg)	1 .
					Vapor

					Carbon
Polymer		Benzene	Hexane		tetrachloride	Ethanol	Ethyl acetate

Cellulose		1.4	0.912		0.836	85.8	13.4
Cellulose acetate		512	2.80		3.74	2 980	3 595
Poly(acrylonitrile)		2.61	1.59		1.47	0	1.34
Polyethylene, low-density	5 300		2 910		3 810	55.9	513
Polystyrene	10 600				6 820	0	soluble
Poly(vinyl alcohol)		3.58	2.34		1.61	32.7	2.53

10.7FATS, OILS, AND WAXES

TABLE 10.7	Constants of Fats and Oils

			Speciﬁc
		Solidiﬁcation	gravity		Refractive	Acid	Saponiﬁcation	Iodine
Fat or oil		point, C	(15C/15 C)		index	value	value	value

				Animal origin

Butterfat		20– 23	40 C		40 C	0.5– 35	210– 230	26– 38
Butterfat		20– 23	0.9115C		1.45	0.5– 35	210– 230	26– 38
Chicken fat		21– 27	0.924			1.2	193– 205	66– 72
Cod-liver oil		3	0.92– 0.93		25C	5.6	171– 189	137– 16
Cod-liver oil		3	0.92– 0.93		1.481	5.6	171– 189	137– 16
Deer fat			0.96– 0.97			0.8– 5.3	195– 200	26– 36
69.10

TABLE 10.7

Constants of Fats and Oils (

Continued

)

Speciﬁc

Solidiﬁcation

gravity

Refractive

Acid

Saponiﬁcation

Iodine

Fat or oil

point,

(15C/15 C)

index

value

Animal origin (

continued )

Dolphin

3 to

0.91– 0.93

2– 12

203 (body);

127 (body);

290 (jaw)

33 (jaw)

Goat butter

38 C

233– 236

25– 37

0.91– 0.9438 C

Goose fat

22– 24

0.92– 0.93

0.6

191– 193

58– 67

Herring oil

0.92– 0.94

60C

1.8– 44

170– 194

102– 149

1.4610

Horse fat

20– 45

0.92– 0.93

0– 2.4

195– 200

75– 86

Human fat

0.903

1.460

193– 200

57– 73

Lard oil

2 to 4

0.913– 0.915

1.462

0.1– 2.5

193– 198

63–

Lard oil, fatty tissue

27– 30

0.93– 0.94

1.462

0.5– 0.8

195– 203

47– 67

Menhaden oil

0.92– 0.93

60C

3– 12

189– 193

148– 185

1.465

Neat’s-foot oil

2 to 10

0.91– 0.92

25C

0.1– 0.6

193– 199

58– 75

1.464

Porpoise, body oil

0.926

1.2

203

127

Rabbit fat

17– 23

0.93– 0.94

1.4– 7.2

199– 203

70– 100

Sardine oil

20– 22

0.92– 0.93

60C

4– 25

188– 196

130– 152

1.466

Seal

0.915– 0.926

1.9– 40

188– 196

130– 152

Shark

0.916– 0.919

157– 164

115– 139

Sperm oil

15.5

0.878– 0.884

120– 137

80– 84

Tallow, beef

31– 38

0.895

0.25

196– 200

35– 42

Tallow, mutton

32– 41

0.937– 0.953

40 C

2– 14

195– 196

48– 61

1.457

Whale oil

2 to 0

0.917– 0.924

1.9

160– 202

90– 146

1.460

Plant origin

Acorn

0.916

199

100

Almond

20 to 15

0.914– 0.921

0.5– 3.5

183– 208

93– 10

Babassu oil

22– 26

0.893

60C

247

1.443

Beechnut oil

0.922

191– 196

97– 111

70.10

TABLE 10.7 Constants of Fats and Oils (

Continued

)

Speciﬁc

Solidiﬁcation

gravity

Refractive

Acid

Saponiﬁcation

Iodine

Fat or oil

point,

(15C/15 C)

index

value

Plant origin

(continued

)

Castor oil

18 to

0.960– 0.967

1.477

0.1– 0.8

175–

183

Chaulmoogra oil, USP

25C

196– 213

98– 110

0.950

Chinese vegetable tallow

24– 34

0.918– 0.922

2.4

179– 206

23– 41

Cocoa butter

21.5– 23

0.964– 0.974

40 C

1.1– 1.9

193– 195

33– 42

1.457

Coconut oil

14– 22

0.926

1.449 40 C

2.5– 10

153– 262

6– 10

Corn (maize) oil

20 to

0.921– 0.928

40 C

1.4– 2.0

187– 193

111– 128

1.473

Cottonseed oil

13 to

25C

40 C

0.6– 0.9

194– 196

103– 111

0.91825C

1.474

Hazelnut oil

18 to

0.917

191– 197

Hemp-seed oil

28 to

0.928– 0.934

0.45

190– 195

145– 16

Linseed oil

27 to

0.930– 0.938

25C

1– 3.5

188– 195

175– 202

1.478

Mustard, black, oil

0.918– 0.921

1.47540 C

5.7– 7.3

173– 175

99– 1

Neem oil

0.917

40 C

195

1.462

Niger-seed oil

0.925

1.471

40 C

190

129

Oiticica oil

0.974 25C

140– 180

Olive oil

0.914– 0.918

40 C

0.3– 1.0

185– 196

79– 88

1.468

Palm oil

35– 42

0.915

40 C

200– 205

49– 59

1.458

Palm kernel oil

0.918– 0.925

40 C

0.3– 0.6

220– 231

26– 32

1.457

Peanut oil

0.917– 0.926

40 C

0.8

186– 194

88– 98

1.469

Perilla oil

0.930– 0.937

25C

188– 194

185– 206

1.481

Pistachio-nut oil

10 to

0.913– 0.919

191

83– 87

Poppy-seed oil

18 to

0.924– 0.926

40 C

2.5

193– 195

128– 141

1.469

Pumpkin-seed oil

0.923– 0.925

188– 193

121– 130

Rapeseed oil

0.913– 0.917

40 C

0.36– 1.0

168– 179

94– 105

1.471

Safﬂower oil

18 to

0.925– 0.928

60C

0.6

188– 203

122– 141

1.462

Sesame oil

6 to

25C

40 C

9.8

188– 193

103– 117

0.91925C

1.465

Soybean oil

16 to

0.924– 0.927

40 C

0.3– 1.8

189– 194

122– 134

1.473

Sunﬂower-seed oil

0.924– 0.926

40 C

11.2

188– 193

129– 136

1.469

Tung oil

2.5

0.94– 0.95

25C

190– 197

163– 171

1.517

White-mustard-seed oil

16 to 8

0.912– 0.916

5.4

171– 174

94– 98

Wheat-germ oil

125

71.10

TABLE 10.8 Constants of Waxes

			Speciﬁc
		Melting	gravity			Refractive	Acid	Saponiﬁcation	Iodine
Wax		point, C	(15C/15 C)			index	value	value	value

Bamboo leaf		79– 80	0.961	25C			14– 15	43– 44	7.8
Bamboo leaf		79– 80	0.961				14– 15	43– 44	7.8
Bayberry (myrtle)		47– 49	0.99			1.436 80 C	3– 4	205– 212	4– 9.5
Beeswax, ordinary		62– 66	0.95– 0.97			1.44– 1.4840 C	17– 21	88– 100	8– 11
Beeswax, East Indian		61– 67	0.95– 0.97			1.44 40 C	5– 10.5	87– 117	4– 10.
Beeswax, white, USP	61– 69		0.95– 0.98			1.45– 1.47 65C	17– 24	90– 96	7– 11
Candelilla		73– 77	0.98– 0.99			85C	19– 24	55– 64	14– 20
Candelilla		73– 77	0.98– 0.99			1.45– 1.46	19– 24	55– 64	14– 20
Cape berry		40– 45	1.01			1.45 45C	2.5– 4.0	211– 215	0.5– 2.
Caranda		80– 85	0.99– 1.00				5.0– 9.5	64– 79	8– 9
Carnauba, No. 1 yellow		86– 88	0.99– 1.00				1.5– 2.5	75– 86
Carnauba, No. 3, crude		86– 90	0.99– 1.01				3.0– 8.5	75– 89
Carnauba, No. 3, reﬁned		86– 89	0.96– 0.97			1.47 40 C	3.0– 5.0	76– 85	7– 13
Castor oil, hydrogenated	83– 88		0.98– 0.99		20 C		1.0– 5.0	177– 181	2.5– 8
Castor oil, hydrogenated	83– 88		0.98– 0.99				1.0– 5.0	177– 181	2.5– 8
Chinese insect		80– 85	0.95– 0.97			40 C	2– 9	78– 93	1.0– 2.5
Chinese insect		80– 85	0.95– 0.97			1.46	2– 9	78– 93	1.0– 2.5
Cotton		68– 71	0.96				32	71	25
Cranberry		207– 218	0.97– 0.98				42– 59	131– 134	44– 53
Esparto		75– 79	0.985– 0.995				22– 27	58– 73	7–
Flax		61– 70	0.91– 0– 0.99				17– 48	37– 102	22– 29
Japan		49– 56	0.97– 1.00				4– 15	210– 235	4– 15
Jojoba		11– 12			25C	25C	0.2– 0.6	92– 95	82– 88
Jojoba		11– 12	0.86– 0.90			1.465	0.2– 0.6	92– 95	82– 88

72.10

TABLE 10.8 Constants of Waxes		(Continued	)

				Speciﬁc
				Speciﬁc
		Melting		gravity	Refractive			Acid	Saponiﬁcation	Iodine
	Wax	point, C		(15C/15 C)		index		value	value	value

Microcrystalline, amber		64– 91		0.91– 0.94	1.42– 1.45		80 C	0	0	0
Microcrystalline, white		71– 89		0.93– 0.94	1.441	80 C		0	0	0
Microcrystalline, white		71– 89		0.93– 0.94	1.441			0	0	0
Montan, crude		76– 86		1.01– 1.02 25C				22– 31	59– 92	14– 18
Montan, reﬁned		77– 84		1.02– 1.04				23– 45	72– 115	10– 14
Ouricury		86– 89		0.99– 1.01				12– 19	88– 96	6.9– 7.8
Ozokerite		56– 82		0.90– 1.00				0	0	4– 8
Palm		74– 86		0.99– 1.05				5– 11	64– 104	9– 17
Parafﬁn, American		49– 63		0.896– 0.925	1.44– 1.4880 C			0	0	0
Shellac		79– 82		0.97– 0.98				12– 24	64– 83	6– 9
Sisal hemp		74– 81		1.007– 1.010				16– 19	56– 58	28– 29
Spermaceti		41– 49		0.905– 0.960				0.5– 3.0	121– 135	2.5– 8.
Sugarcane, reﬁned		76– 82		0.96– 0.98	1.51 25C			8– 23	55– 70	13– 29
Wool		38– 40		0.97		40 C		6– 22	82– 130	15– 47
Wool		38– 40		0.97	1.48			6– 22	82– 130	15– 47

73.10

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