Dictionary of Computing - 5th Edition
.pdf
zero-level address |
364 |
turned to grip the legs of the chip. Also called ZIF socket
zero-level address / z ərəυ lev(ə)l ədres/ noun an instruction in which the address is the operand
zero slot LAN / z ərəυ slɒt l n/ noun a local area network that does not use internal expansion adapters, but instead the serial port or, sometimes, an external pocket network adapters connected to the printer port
zero suppression / z ərəυ səpreʃ(ə)n/ noun same as zero compression
zero wait state / z ərəυ we t ste t/ noun the state of a device (normally processor or memory chips) that is fast enough to run at the same speed as the other components in a computer, so does not have to be artificially slowed down by inserting wait states
zettabyte / zetəba t/ noun a unit of computer memory or disk storage space equal to one sextillion bytes or 1,024 exabytes
ZIF socket / z f sɒk t/ noun same as zero insertion force socket
zine /zi n/ noun a paper, Internet magazine or other periodical published by its author, issued at irregular intervals and usually aimed at specialist readers
ZIP /z p/ noun a filename extension given to files that contain compressed data, usually generated by the PKZIP shareware utility program
Zip disk / z p d sk/ noun a proprietary type of removable storage device, similar to a removable hard disk drive, manufactured by Iomega Corp. to provide a convenient backup and storage medium with 100 Mb or 1Gb disk capacity.
zip file / z p fa l/ noun a computer file with the extension .zip containing data that has been compressed for storage or trans-
mission.
ZMODEM / zed məυdem/ noun an enhanced version of the XMODEM file transfer protocol that includes error detection and the ability to restart a transfer
where it left off if the connection is cut zone /zəυn/ noun a region or part of a
screen defined for specialised printing zoom /zu m/ verb to enlarge an area of text or graphics to make it easier to work on
‘…any window can be zoomed to full-screen size by pressing the F-5 function key’ [Byte]
zooming / zu m ŋ/ noun the process of enlarging an area of text or graphics Variable zooming from 25% to 400% of actual
size.
ZV Port / zed vi pɔ t/ noun an interface port that allows data to be transferred from a PC Card directly to the computer’s video controller without passing through the computer’s central processor. Full form zoomed video port (NOTE: It is used to allow a laptop computer to display live images from a video camera plugged into the computer’s PC Card socket.)
SUPPLEMENT
HTML codes
HTML codes
The following is a list of the basic HTML codes (or tags) used to format webpages.
<a> ... </a>
creates a hyperlink target or source. For example,
<a href="www.bloomsbury.com">link to Bloomsbury</a> will create a hyperlink to the Bloomsbury Publishing Plc webpage.
<address> ... </address>
enclosed text is formatted in smaller typeface as an address
<applet> ... </applet>
defines an applet within the document
<area>
defines the area of a graphic image that will respond to a mouse click using a client-side imagemap
<b> ... </b>
formats enclosed text in a bold typeface
<base>
defines the URL that is added in front of all relative URLs used within the document
<basefont>
defines the point size of the font used to format for the following text
<bgsound>
defines the audio file that is played as a background sound to the document (used in MS-IE)
<big> ... </big>
formats enclosed text in a bigger typeface
<blockquote> ... </blockquote> formats the enclosed text as a quotation
<body> ... </body>
defines the start and finish of this document’s body text; also used to define a graphic image used as a background, and to set the default colour of the text, hyperlinks and margins for the document
<br>
inserts a line break in the text; the <p> code also inserts a carriage return
<caption> ... </caption> defines the caption for a table
<center> ... </center>
formats enclosed text to be centered across the line
<cite> ... </cite>
formats enclosed text as a citation
<code> ... </code>
formats enclosed text as program code, normally using the Courier typeface
<col>
HTML codes
defines the properties for a column that has been defined using <colgroup>
<colgroup> defines a column
<comment> ... </comment>
defines the enclosed text to be a comment; only works in MS IE, with any other browser you should use the <!> comment <> tag format
<dd> ... </dd>
defines one element of a definition list
<dfn> ... </dfn>
formats enclosed text as a definition
<dir> ... </dir>
creates a directory list using the <li> to create entries
<div> ... </div>
divides the text within a document and formats each division
<dl> ... </dl>
creates a definition list using the <dd> and <dt> tags to create entries
<dt> ... </dt>
defines the definition part of an entry within a definition list
<em> ... </em>
formats enclosed text with emphasis (similar to bold typeface)
<embed> ... </embed>
points to an object to embed in a document
<font> ... </font>
defines the size, colour and typeface of the font to use for the enclosed text
<form> ... </form>
defines the following tags to be treated as one form; also defines how to process the form and where to send the encoded information
<frame> ... </frame>
defines a frame, including its border, colour, name and text
<frameset> ... </frameset> defines a collection of frames
<h> ... </h>
defines a pre-set font size, such as <h1> for a large headings, <h4> for small headings
<hr>
breaks the current line of text and inserts a horizontal rule across the page
<html> ... </html>
defines the start and end of the entire html document
<i>... </i>
formats enclosed text using an italic typeface
<iframe> ... </iframe> defines a floating frame
<img>
HTML codes
includes an image within a document, also defines a border for the image, size, alternative caption text and whether the image is a video clip
<input type=checkbox>
defines a checkbox button within a form
<input type=file>
defines a file-selection list within a form
<input type=image>
defines an image input element within a form
<input type=password>
defines a text input that displays an asterisk when text is entered
<input type=radio>
defines a radio button within a form
<input type=reset>
defines a button to reset the form’s contents
<input type=submit>
defines a button to submit the form’s contents to the named process
<input type=text>
defines a text input element to allow users to enter a line of text
<isindex>
defines the html document to be searchable by a defined search engine
<kbd> ... </kbd>
formats enclosed text as a keyboard input
<li> ... </li>
defines an item in a list; the list can be ordered using <ol> or unordered using <ul>
<link>
defines a link within a document header
<listing> ... </listing>
an old tag that is the same as the <pre> tag
<map> ... </map>
defines an image map that contains hotspots
<marquee> ... </marquee>
creates an animated scrolling text line, used in MS-IE
<menu> ... </menu>
defines a menu that has items created using the <li> tag
<meta>
allows the programmer to include extra information about the document
<multicol> ... </multicol>
defines multiple columns within the document; only used in Netscape Navigator
<nextid>
used by automated html document generators as a reference point within a file
HTML codes
<nobr> ... </nobr>
prevents the browser adding breaks within the enclosed text
<noframes> ... </noframes>
defines content that should be displayed if the browser does not support frames
<noscript> ... </noscript>
defines content that should be used if the browser does not support Java; only used in Netscape Navigator
<object> ... </object>
defines an object, applet or OLE object to be inserted into the document
<ol> ... </ol>
defines the start and end of a numbered list; items are inserted using the <li> tag
<option> ... </option>
defines one option within a <select> tag
<p> ... </p>
defines the start and end of a paragraph
<param> ... </param>
defines the parameters to be passed to an applet or object
<plaintext>
formats the rest of the document as plain text with spaces and breaks
<pre> ... </pre>
formats the enclosed text as plaintext with spaces and breaks
<s> ... </s>
formats enclosed text with a strikethrough (horizontal line)
<samp> ... </samp>
defines enclosed text as an example (sample)
<script> ... </script>
defines the start and end of a script written in a language such as JavaScript or VBScript
<select> ... </select>
defines a list of options within a form, each created using the <option> tag
<small> ... </small>
formats enclosed text in a small type size
<spacer>
inserts a character space within a line of text; only used in Netscape Navigator
<span> ... </span>
define a style sheet that formats text over several tags
<strike> ... </strike>
formats enclosed text with a strikethrough (horizontal line)
<strong> ... </strong>
formats enclosed text with emphasis, similar to bold typeface
<style> ... </style>
defines a collection of text formatting commands that can be referred to with this style command
HTML codes
<sub> ... </sub>
formats enclosed text as subscript
<sup> ... </sup>
formats enclosed text as superscript
<table> ... </table>
defines a table including border, colour, size and width; columns are added with <td> and rows with <tr>
<tbody>
a group of rows within a table
<td> ... </td>
defines a cell within a table, effectively adds a column to the table
<textarea> ... </textarea>
defines a multiple line text input element for a form
<tfoot>
defines rows within a table that are formatted as a footer to the table
<th> ... </th>
defines the header to each column in a table
<thead>
defines rows within a table that are formatted as a header to the table
<title> ... </title>
defines the title of an html document
<tr> ... </tr>
defines a row of cells within a table
<tt> ... </tt>
formats enclosed text in a monospaced typewriter-style font
<ul> ... </ul>
defines the start and end of a bulleted list of elements; each element is added using <li>
<var> ... </var>
enclosed text is the name of a variable
<wbr>
defines a possible point for a word break within a <nobr> line
<xmp> ... </xmp>
an old tag that formats enclosed text, similar to <pre>
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Decimal Conversion Table |
Prefixes |
|
Symbols |
|
||
T |
tera- |
1012 |
% |
|
per cent |
G |
giga- |
109 |
= |
|
equals |
M |
mega- |
106 |
|
|
is approximately equal to |
k |
kilo- |
103 |
|
|
is not equal to |
d |
deci- |
10-1 |
< |
|
is less than |
c |
centi- |
10-2 |
> |
|
is more than |
m |
milli- |
10-3 |
+ |
|
plus |
|
micro- |
10-6 |
- |
|
minus |
n |
nano- |
10-9 |
|
|
divided by |
p |
pico- |
10-12 |
x |
|
multiplied by |
f |
femto- |
10-15 |
|
|
therefore |
a |
atto- |
10-18 |
& |
|
and |
Decimal Conversion Table |
|
|
|
||
|
Decimal |
BCD |
Binary |
Octal |
Hexadecimal |
base |
10 |
2 |
2 |
8 |
16 |
|
00 |
0000 0000 |
0000 |
00 |
0 |
|
01 |
0000 0001 |
0001 |
01 |
1 |
|
02 |
0000 0010 |
0010 |
02 |
2 |
|
03 |
0000 0011 |
0011 |
03 |
3 |
|
04 |
0000 0100 |
0100 |
04 |
4 |
|
05 |
0000 0101 |
0101 |
05 |
5 |
|
06 |
0000 0110 |
0110 |
06 |
6 |
|
07 |
0000 0111 |
0111 |
07 |
7 |
|
08 |
0000 1000 |
1000 |
10 |
8 |
|
09 |
0000 1001 |
1001 |
11 |
9 |
|
10 |
0001 0000 |
1010 |
12 |
A |
|
11 |
0001 0001 |
1011 |
13 |
B |
|
12 |
0001 0010 |
1100 |
14 |
C |
|
13 |
0001 0011 |
1101 |
15 |
D |
|
14 |
0001 0100 |
1110 |
16 |
E |
|
15 |
0001 0101 |
1111 |
17 |
F |
Unicode Characters 0 - 255 in Decimal and Hexadecimal
Unicode Characters 0 - 255 in Decimal and Hexadecimal
dec |
hex |
char |
dec |
hex |
char |
dec |
hex |
char |
dec |
hex |
char |
0 |
0 |
NUL |
52 |
34 |
4 |
104 |
68 |
h |
156 |
9C |
ST |
1 |
1 |
SOH |
53 |
35 |
5 |
105 |
69 |
i |
157 |
9D |
OSC |
2 |
2 |
STX |
54 |
36 |
6 |
106 |
6A |
j |
158 |
9E |
PM |
3 |
3 |
ETX |
55 |
37 |
7 |
107 |
6B |
k |
159 |
9F |
APC |
4 |
4 |
EOT |
56 |
38 |
8 |
108 |
6C |
l |
160 |
A0 |
NBSP |
5 |
5 |
ENQ |
57 |
39 |
9 |
109 |
6D |
m |
161 |
A1 |
¡ |
6 |
6 |
ACK |
58 |
3A |
: |
110 |
6E |
n |
162 |
A2 |
¢ |
7 |
7 |
BEL |
59 |
3B |
; |
111 |
6F |
o |
163 |
A3 |
£ |
8 |
8 |
BS |
60 |
3C |
< |
112 |
70 |
p |
164 |
A4 |
¤ |
9 |
9 |
HT |
61 |
3D |
= |
113 |
71 |
q |
165 |
A5 |
¥ |
10 |
0A |
LF |
62 |
3E |
> |
114 |
72 |
r |
166 |
A6 |
¦ |
11 |
0B |
VT |
63 |
3F |
? |
115 |
73 |
s |
167 |
A7 |
§ |
12 |
0C |
FF |
64 |
40 |
@ |
116 |
74 |
t |
168 |
A8 |
¨ |
13 |
0D |
CR |
65 |
41 |
A |
117 |
75 |
u |
169 |
A9 |
© |
14 |
0E |
SO |
66 |
42 |
B |
118 |
76 |
v |
170 |
AA |
ª |
15 |
0F |
SI |
67 |
43 |
C |
119 |
77 |
w |
171 |
AB |
« |
16 |
10 |
DLE |
68 |
44 |
D |
120 |
78 |
x |
172 |
AC |
¬ |
17 |
11 |
DC1 |
69 |
45 |
E |
121 |
79 |
y |
173 |
AD |
SHY |
18 |
12 |
DC2 |
70 |
46 |
F |
122 |
7A |
z |
174 |
AE |
® |
19 |
13 |
DC3 |
71 |
47 |
G |
123 |
7B |
{ |
175 |
AF |
¯ |
20 |
14 |
DC4 |
72 |
48 |
H |
124 |
7C |
| |
176 |
B0 |
° |
21 |
15 |
NAK |
73 |
49 |
I |
125 |
7D |
} |
177 |
B1 |
± |
22 |
16 |
SYN |
74 |
4A |
J |
126 |
7E |
~ |
178 |
B2 |
² |
23 |
17 |
ETB |
75 |
4B |
K |
127 |
7F |
DEL |
179 |
B3 |
³ |
24 |
18 |
CAN |
76 |
4C |
L |
128 |
80 |
xxx |
180 |
B4 |
´ |
25 |
19 |
EM |
77 |
4D |
M |
129 |
81 |
xxx |
181 |
B5 |
µ |
26 |
1A |
SUB |
78 |
4E |
N |
130 |
82 |
BPH |
182 |
B6 |
¶ |
27 |
1B |
ESC |
79 |
4F |
O |
131 |
83 |
NBH |
183 |
B7 |
· |
28 |
1C |
FS |
80 |
50 |
P |
132 |
84 |
IND |
184 |
B8 |
¸ |
29 |
1D |
GS |
81 |
51 |
Q |
133 |
85 |
NEL |
185 |
B9 |
¹ |
30 |
1E |
RS |
82 |
52 |
R |
134 |
86 |
SSA |
186 |
BA |
º |
31 |
1F |
US |
83 |
53 |
S |
135 |
87 |
ESA |
187 |
BB |
» |
32 |
20 |
SP |
84 |
54 |
T |
136 |
88 |
HTS |
188 |
BC |
¼ |
33 |
21 |
! |
85 |
55 |
U |
137 |
89 |
HTJ |
189 |
BD |
½ |
34 |
22 |
“ |
86 |
56 |
V |
138 |
8A |
VTS |
190 |
BE |
¾ |
35 |
23 |
# |
87 |
57 |
W |
139 |
8B |
PLD |
191 |
BF |
¿ |
36 |
24 |
$ |
88 |
58 |
X |
140 |
8C |
PLU |
192 |
C0 |
À |
37 |
25 |
% |
89 |
59 |
Y |
141 |
8D |
RI |
193 |
C1 |
Á |
38 |
26 |
& |
90 |
5A |
Z |
142 |
8E |
SS2 |
194 |
C2 |
 |
39 |
27 |
‘ |
91 |
5B |
[ |
143 |
8F |
SS3 |
195 |
C3 |
à |
40 |
28 |
( |
92 |
5C |
\ |
144 |
90 |
DCS |
196 |
C4 |
Ä |
41 |
29 |
) |
93 |
5D |
] |
145 |
91 |
PU1 |
197 |
C5 |
Å |
42 |
2A |
* |
94 |
5E |
^ |
146 |
92 |
PU2 |
198 |
C6 |
Æ |
43 |
2B |
+ |
95 |
5F |
_ |
147 |
93 |
STS |
199 |
C7 |
Ç |
44 |
2C |
, |
96 |
60 |
|
148 |
94 |
CCH |
200 |
C8 |
È |
45 |
2D |
- |
97 |
61 |
a |
149 |
95 |
MW |
201 |
C9 |
É |
46 |
2E |
. |
98 |
62 |
b |
150 |
96 |
SPA |
202 |
CA |
Ê |
47 |
2F |
/ |
99 |
63 |
c |
151 |
97 |
EPA |
203 |
CB |
Ë |
48 |
30 |
0 |
100 |
64 |
d |
152 |
98 |
SOS |
204 |
CC |
Ì |
49 |
31 |
1 |
101 |
65 |
e |
153 |
99 |
xxx |
205 |
CD |
Í |
50 |
32 |
2 |
102 |
66 |
f |
154 |
9A |
SCI |
206 |
CE |
Î |
51 |
33 |
3 |
103 |
67 |
g |
155 |
9B |
CSI |
207 |
CF |
Ï |
Unicode CO and CI controls
dec |
hex |
char |
dec |
hex |
char |
dec |
hex |
char |
dec |
hex |
char |
208 |
D0 |
Ð |
220 |
DC |
Ü |
232 |
E8 |
è |
244 |
F4 |
ô |
209 |
D1 |
Ñ |
221 |
DD |
Ý |
233 |
E9 |
é |
245 |
F5 |
õ |
210 |
D2 |
Ò |
222 |
DE |
Þ |
234 |
EA |
ê |
246 |
F6 |
ö |
211 |
D3 |
Ó |
223 |
DF |
ß |
235 |
EB |
ë |
247 |
F7 |
÷ |
212 |
D4 |
Ô |
224 |
E0 |
à |
236 |
EC |
ì |
248 |
F8 |
ø |
213 |
D5 |
Õ |
225 |
E1 |
á |
237 |
ED |
í |
249 |
F9 |
ù |
214 |
D6 |
Ö |
226 |
E2 |
â |
238 |
EE |
î |
250 |
FA |
ú |
215 |
D7 |
× |
227 |
E3 |
ã |
239 |
EF |
ï |
251 |
FB |
û |
216 |
D8 |
Ø |
228 |
E4 |
ä |
240 |
F0 |
ð |
252 |
FC |
ü |
217 |
D9 |
Ù |
229 |
E5 |
å |
241 |
F1 |
ñ |
253 |
FD |
ý |
218 |
DA |
Ú |
230 |
E6 |
æ |
242 |
F2 |
ò |
254 |
FE |
þ |
219 |
DB |
Û |
231 |
E7 |
ç |
243 |
F3 |
ó |
255 |
FF |
ÿ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes:
1.Characters 0 - 127 form the ASCII character set.
2.Characters 32 - 127 and 160 - 255 are the same in the ANSI character set.
Unicode CO and CI controls
NUL |
null |
EM |
end of medium |
RI |
reverse line feed |
SOH |
start of heading |
SUB |
substitute |
SS2 |
single shift two |
SOT |
start of text |
ESC |
esape |
SS3 |
single shift three |
ETX |
end of text |
FS |
file separator |
DCS |
device control string |
EOT |
end of transmission GS |
group separator |
PU1 |
private use one |
|
ENQ |
enquiry |
RS |
record separator |
PU2 |
private use two |
ACK |
acknowledge |
US |
unit separator |
STS |
set tranmit state |
BEL |
bell |
SP |
space |
CCH |
cancel character |
BS |
backspace |
DEL |
delete |
MW |
message waiting |
HT |
horizontal tab |
BPH |
break permitted here |
SPA |
start of guarded area |
LF |
line feed |
NBH |
no break here |
EPA |
end of guarded area |
VT |
vertical tab |
IND |
indent |
SOS |
start of string |
FF |
form feed |
NEL |
next line |
SCI |
single character |
CR |
carriage return |
SSA |
start of selected area |
|
introducer |
SO |
shift out |
OSC |
operating system |
CSI |
control sequence |
SI |
shift in |
|
command |
|
introducer |
DLE |
data link escape |
ESA |
end of selected area |
ST |
string terminator |
DC |
device control |
HTS |
character tabulation set |
PM |
privacy message |
NAK |
negative ack. |
HTJ |
character tabulation |
APC |
application program |
SYN |
synchronous idle |
|
with justification |
|
command |
ETB |
end of transmission VTS |
line tabulation set |
NBSP no-break space |
||
|
block |
PLD |
partial line forward |
SHY |
soft hyphen |
CAN |
cancel |
PLU |
partial line backward |
|
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