Dictionary of Aviation - 2nd Edition

said in the instructions according to requirements as required

account /ə kaυnt/ noun to take something into account to remember something and consider it carefully

When planning a flight, wind speed and direction must be taken into account. In the event of an in-flight emergency, the aircraft should be landed at the nearest suitably equipped airport, taking into account fuel available. on no account under no circumstances, never

On no account should anybody fly an aircraft without carrying out pre-flight checks.

account for /ə kaυnt fə/ verb 1. to make up or constitute Kevlar and carbon fibre account for a large percentage of the materials used in modern aircraft. 2. to provide the main reason for something High humidity accounted for the longer take-off run.

accrete /ə kri t/ verb to increase in amount by slow external addition, to accumulate ice accretes on the rotor ice builds up on the rotor

accretion /ə kri ʃ(ə)n/ noun increase or accumulation by slow external addition Ice accretion can cause loss of lift and significantly increase the weight of the aircraft.

accumulate /ə kju mjυle t/ verb to collect and increase Due to katabatic effects, cold air flows downwards and accumulates over low ground. accumulation /ə kju mjυ le ʃ(ə)n/ noun the collection and increase of something Fire in a toilet could present difficulties due to the confined space and possible smoke accumulation.

accumulator /ə kju mjυle tə/ noun

1. a device for storing energy in hydraulic systems An accumulator is fitted to store hydraulic fluid. 2. an electric circuit in a calculator or computer, in which the results of arithmetical and logical operations are formed accuracy / kjυrəsi/ noun 1. the state of being correct to check for accuracy to make certain that the result is correct 2. the ability to find, hit or show things correctly The accuracy of

modern navigational equipment is much greater than older systems. accurate / kjυrət/ adjective 1. correct Skill in accurate flying can only be achieved by practice. accurate results results which are exactly correct

2. precise This watch is very accurate.

ACFT abbreviation aircraft

achieve /ə tʃi v/ verb 1. to manage to do something demanding In order to achieve a safe landing in a crosswind, the correct techniques must be used. 2. to obtain In wind shear conditions, a fly-by-wire system allows the pilot to achieve maximum lift by pulling hard back on the stick without risk of a stall. achievement /ə tʃi vmənt/ noun something difficult that somebody succeeds in doing and feels proud about

For most trainee pilots, making their first solo flight is a great achievement.

acid / s d/ noun a chemical substance which reacts with a base to form a salt sulphuric acid (H2SO4) (NOTE: An acid turns a litmus indicator red and has a sour taste.)

acidity /ə s d ti/ noun having an acid content the acidity of a substance the amount of acid in a substance

acid-proof / s d pru f/ adjective able to resist the harmful effects of an acid

acid test / s d test/ noun a difficult or exacting test of worth or quality A pilot’s ability to react appropriately in an emergency situation is the acid test of his or her professionalism.

ACMS noun a computer which records information from various aircraft systems during flight. Full form aircraft condition monitoring system

ACN abbreviation aircraft classification number

acoustic /ə ku st k/ adjective referring to sound

acoustic ear muffs /ə ku st k ə

m fs/ plural noun coverings to protect the ears from loud noise. Also called ear protectors, ear defenders

acquire /ə kwa ə/ verb to buy or otherwise obtain to acquire a new air-

craft Speed control is used to acquire and maintain a selected airspeed.

acquisition / kw z ʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of buying or otherwise obtaining

Each computer checks data acquisition. The image of the airline improved after the acquisition of the new aircraft.

acronym / krən m/ noun a word which is made up of the initial letters of a name, and is pronounced as a word

NASA is the acronym for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. VASI is the acronym for visual approach slope indicator.

act / kt/ verb 1. to behave in a particular way The crew must act with authority. 2. to take the role of Mountain ranges act as a barrier. The governor spill valve also acts as a safety relief valve. 3. to act on to produce an effect Bending and twisting forces act on a propeller. Gravity acts vertically downwards.

acting / kt ŋ/ adjective temporarily taking on the responsibilities of somebody Captain Smith will be acting Chief Flying Instructor while Captain White is absent from work.

action / kʃən/ noun 1. something done or to be done to take action to so something If there is a risk of collision, the crew should take the appropriate action. 2. an effect

activate / kt ve t/ verb to make a system or a piece of equipment or a procedure start to work or to operate The system is activated by the pilot or copilot. The sounding of the alarm will activate emergency procedures.

activation / kt ve ʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of making something start to work or to operate Activation may be mechanical or electrical.

active / kt v/ adjective 1. live, in action or use the system is active the system is on and working 2. not passive

in a secondary radar system, the target is active in a secondary radar system the target transmits a signal while in a primary radar system it does not 3. active Cb clouds developing cumulonimbus clouds

active runway / kt v r nwe / noun a runway that is being used

‘…never cross an active runway without permission from the tower: there may be more than one active runway’ [Civil Aviation Authority, General Aviation Safety Sense Leaflet]

activity / k t v ti/ noun a movement or action of some kind Sunspot activity can affect the amount of solar radiation.

actual / ktʃuəl/ adjective real The actual path of the aircraft over the ground is called its track, which may not be the same as the desired course. actually / ktʃuəli/ adverb in fact, in reality The design is such that, although the aircraft loses altitude rapidly, it does not actually stall. actuate / ktʃu e t/ verb 1. to move a device or a part The fore and aft movement of the control column actuates the elevators. 2. to switch on a system or a piece of equipment, or put it into operation A lever actuates the fire deluge system. 3. to put a procedure into action

Receipt of the distress signal will actuate the support facilities at the airport.

actuation / ktʃυ e ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the act of making a device or a part move electrical actuation the use of an electric motor to make something move mechanical actuation the use of a mechanical part such as a rod, arm or lever to make something move 2. a movement made by a device or part actuator / ktʃυe tə/ noun a device which changes electrical or hydraulic energy into mechanical motion The actuator control is sensitive to engine rpm. Actuators are classified as either linear or rotary.

AD abbreviation airworthiness directive

A/D abbreviation aerodrome

ADA abbreviation advisory airspace

adapt /ə d pt/ verb 1. to change or modify for special use The turboprop engine is often used in transport aircraft and can be adapted for use in sin- gle-engine aircraft. 2. to change to suit

new conditions Crew flying long-haul routes have to adapt to time changes. adaptation / d p te ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the act of changing or modifying something for special use Doppler VOR is an adaptation of VOR to reduce errors caused by location. 2. adjustment to new conditions Adaptation to time changes when travelling west to east takes time.

adapter /ə d ptə/ noun 1. a piece of equipment or device which allows a change or modification a ‘T’ piece adapter a device for connecting two inputs to one output or vice versa 2. a device that allows two incompatible devices to be connected

ADC / e di si / abbreviation air data computer

add / d/ verb 1. to put figures together to form a sum, to make a total Add the two numbers together to find the sum. 2. to put together to make a larger group or a group with different properties

There are only nine chairs, add another one. A substance is added to the fuel to clean fuel injectors.

addition /ə d ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a mathematical operation consisting in putting numbers together Addition is normally taught before subtraction, multiplication and division. The addition sign is +. 2. the act of adding something

With the addition of methanol, the turbine inlet temperature is restored. 3. in addition also in addition to as well as

additional /ə d ʃ(ə)nəl/ adjective added or extra

additive / d t v/ noun a chemical substance, often liquid, added to another substance to give it extra qualities Additives are used in engine oils to prolong the life of the engine. Antiicing additives are used in radiator coolants.

adequate / d kwət/ adjective enough, sufficient The compressor must provide an adequate airflow through the engine. adequate fuel enough fuel

ADF abbreviation automatic direction finder

adhere /əd h ə/ verb to stick as if glued Clear ice adheres strongly to airframes.

adhesive /əd hi s v/ noun glue adjective having the sticking quality of glue adhesive tape Adhesive bonding of aluminium parts is widely employed.

ADI /e di a / abbreviation attitude direction indicator or attitude director indicator

adiabatic / d ə b t k/ adjective 1. referring to processes through which heat cannot be lost or gained 2. referring to a change in temperature in a mass of air, which occurs when the air is compressed or expanded by an increase or decrease in atmospheric pressure and does not involve the air losing heat to, or gaining heat from, its surroundings

adiabatic compression

/ d əb t k kəm preʃ(ə)n/ noun compression caused by atmospheric factors, which makes descending air warm up

adiabatic cooling / d əb t kku l ŋ/ noun a process in which ascending air is cooled by a decrease in atmospheric pressure without heat transfer

adiabatic expansion / d əb t k

k sp nʃ(ə)n/ noun expansion caused by atmospheric factors, which makes ascending air cool down Cooling by adiabatic expansion may result in cloud formation.

adiabatic heating / diə b t khi t ŋ/ noun a process in which descending air is heated by an increase in atmospheric pressure without heat transfer

adjacent /ə d"e s(ə)nt/ adjective next to or near Fire extinguishers should be positioned adjacent to the aircraft during all ground-running operations.

adjust /ə d" st/ verb to change and improve the position or setting of a piece of equipment The pilot adjusts the throttle or propeller controls. to adjust the seat to move the seat into a position suitable for yourself to

adjust the volume to increase or decrease the volume to improve the sound quality

adjustable /ə d" stəb(ə)l/ adjective designed to be adjusted An adjustable stop on the throttle control ensures a positive idling speed.

adjustment /ə d" stmənt/ noun 1. a change to improve the setting, position or operation of something A slight adjustment to the seat will make it much more comfortable to sit in. 2. the act of changing something to improve its setting or position Maximum system pressure is often controlled by adjustment of the main engine-driven pump. admit /əd m t/ verb to allow to enter

Cold air can be admitted to the cabin through adjustable louvres or shutters. adopt /ə dɒpt/ verb to choose to use something as standard equipment or to make it standard procedure A policy of no smoking on all flights has been adopted by many airlines. widely adopted now in standard use with many companies, institutions and organisations

adoption /ə dɒpʃən/ noun the act of using something as standard equipment or making it standard procedure In spite of the adoption of the axial flow type compressor, some engines retain the centrifugal type.

ADR abbreviation accident data recorder

ADS abbreviation automatic dependent surveillance

ADT abbreviation approved departure time

advance /əd vɑ ns/ noun 1. a change that improves something enormous advances in aircraft design great progress or developments in aircraft design 2. in advance of ahead of

The Gulf region is three hours in advance of GMT. verb 1. to move forwards, or move something forwards the throttle lever is advanced the throttle lever is moved forwards 2. to make something happen at an earlier time to advance the ignition to adjust the timing of the ignition so that the spark occurs earlier

advanced /əd vɑ nst/ adjective modern and sophisticated The A340 is an advanced type of aircraft.

‘…a Seattle-based modification company specializing in advanced winglet designs is developing a lightweight winglet for the Boeing 747 200F’ [Flight International 1–7 May 1996]

advantage /əd vɑ nt d"/ noun a good or beneficial factor The multiwheel combination has the advantage of smaller and lighter undercarriage structures. to take advantage of to get benefit from a situation to take advantage of favourable winds to use tailwinds to increase ground speed and thus save time and money. Opposite disadvantage

advantageous / dvən te d"əs/ adjective better the most advantageous the best The minimum time path is the most advantageous for economy. advect /əd vekt/ verb to move in a horizontal direction due to convection

Dispersal of hill fog takes place when surface heating lifts the cloud base or drier air is advected.

advection /əd vekʃ(ə)n/ noun the movement of air in a horizontal direction

advection fog /əd vekʃ(ə)n fɒ$/ noun fog which forms when warmer moist air moves over a colder surface advent / dvent/ noun an arrival, especially of something very important

With the advent of satellite navigation systems, pilots of light aircraft have a more accurate means of knowing their position.

adverse / dv% s/ adjective 1. bad or poor Only in extremely adverse conditions should the crew evacuate the aircraft. adverse handling characteristics aspects of an aircraft’s handling which are poor 2. acting or going against you

adverse yaw / dv% s jɔ / noun yaw caused by aileron drag, in the opposite direction to the direction of the intended turn

advice /əd va s/ noun useful or helpful information The instructor’s advice was of great help to the student

pilot. (NOTE: Advice has no plural form.)

advisability /əd va zə b l ti/ noun the advisability of something whether something is a good idea or not Flying manuals often contain guidance on the advisability of flying with a cold. advisable /əd va zəb(ə)l/ adjective recommended, suggested It is advisable to check the condition of the tyres after each landing.

advise /əd va z/ verb 1. to inform, to notify The flight deck advised the cabin crew that descent would start in 20 minutes. 2. to recommend, to suggest Because of the bad weather, the instructor advised the trainee pilot not to fly. to advise against to recommend or to suggest that something should not be done

advisory /əd va z(ə)ri/ adjective giving advice and information

advisory airspace /əd va z(ə)rieəspe s/ noun airspace containing

advisory routes in which air traffic control provide an advisory service but not full control. Abbreviation ADA advisory route /əd va z(ə)ri ru t/ noun a published route for which there is an advisory service. Abbreviation

ADR

advisory service /əd va z(ə)ris% v s/ noun a service in which Air Traffic Control provides advice and information to assist a pilot in the safe conduct of a flight

AEEC abbreviation airlines electronic engineering committee

aerate / eəre t/ verb to put a gas, especially carbon dioxide or air, into a liquid so that bubbles are formed Aerated fuel causes problems. Opposite deaerate

aeration /eə re ʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of putting a gas, especially carbon dioxide or air, into a liquid The purpose of the booster pump is to prevent fuel aeration. Opposite de-aeration

aerator /eə re tə/ noun a device to put a gas – especially carbon dioxide or air

– into a liquid. Opposite de-aerator

aerial / eəriəl/ adjective 1. happening in the air 2. done by an aircraft in flightnoun a device to send or receive radio or TV signals Ice-covering reduces the effectiveness of aerials. (NOTE: The US English word with this meaning is antenna.)

aerial display / eəriəl d s ple / noun a display of flying skills and aircraft performance

aerial photography / eəriəl fətɒ$rəfi/ noun photography done from an aircraft in the air

aero- /eərəυ/ prefix 1. referring to the air aerodynamic 2. referring to aircraft aero-engine aero-tow aerobatic / eərə b t k/ adjective referring to aerobatics Loops and rolls are aerobatic manoeuvres.

aerobatic aircraft / eərəb t keəkrɑ ft/ noun an aircraft which is

designed to perform aerobatics

COMMENT: One of the most famous competition aerobatic aircraft is the Pitts Special which first flew in 1944.

aerobatic display / eərəb t k d sple / noun a demonstration, often public, of piloting skill and aircraft performance

aerobatics / eərəυ b t ks/ noun the art of performing spectacular controlled movements in a flying aircraft for the purposes of entertainment or competition The Russian pilot gave a great display of aerobatics.

aerobatic team / eərə b t k ti m/ noun a team of pilots and aircraft who perform aerobatics

aerodrome / eərədrəυm/ noun any area of land or water designed for the taking off and landing of aircraft Airports and military air bases or stations are types of aerodrome. All aerodromes are marked on charts. Abbreviation A/D disused aerodrome an aerodrome which is no longer in use for the purpose of taking off and landing aeroplanes

aerodrome boundaries

/ eərədrəυm baυnd(ə)riz/ plural noun the physical or geographical limits of an aerodrome

aerodrome circuit / eərədrəυms% k t/ noun the pattern and direction of aircraft movement in the air around the aerodrome

aerodrome QFE / eərədrəυm kju ef i / noun the barometric pressure setting at which the altimeter reads zero when the aircraft is on the runway aerodrome QNH / eərədrəυm kju en e tʃ/ noun the barometric pressure setting at which the altimeter reads aerodrome elevation when the aircraft is on the runway

aerodrome surveillance monitoring indicator / eərədrəυms% ve ləns mɒn tər ŋ nd ke tə/

noun same as airport surface detection equipment

aerodrome traffic zone

/ eərədrəυm tr f k zəυn/ noun an area of protected airspace around an aerodrome, which pilots need permission to enter or to move in. Abbreviation ATZ

aerodynamic / eərəυda n m k/ adjective 1. referring to the way in which objects are affected when they move through the atmosphere 2. referring to a smooth rounded shape which moves easily through the air aerodynamic design a streamlined shape that enables something to move easily through the air

aerodynamic braking / eərəυ da n m k bre k ŋ/ noun the braking

effect of drag

aerodynamic forces / eərəυ da n m k fɔ s z/ noun the forces of

the air which act on an aircraft in flight

aerodynamic resistance / eərəυ da n m k r z stəns/ noun same as

drag

aerodynamics / eərəυda n m ks/ noun the science that deals with the interaction of moving objects with the atmosphere Aerodynamics is one of the major areas of study for a trainee pilot.

aerodyne / eərəυda n/ noun an aircraft that is heavier than air and whose lift in flight results from forces caused by its motion through the air, e.g. a plane or helicopter

aero-engine / eərəυ end" n/ noun an engine used in aircraft Most piston aero-engines are cooled by air. aerofoil / eərəυfɔ l/ noun a surface which is shaped to produce more lift than drag when moved through the air

Wings, ailerons, elevators, fins and propellers are all examples of aerofoils.

(NOTE: The US English word is airfoil.) aeronautical / eərə nɔ t k(ə)l/ adjective referring to aeronautics

aeronautical chart / eərənɔ t k(ə)l tʃɑ t/ noun a map used in

air navigation which may include topographic features, hazards and obstructions, navigational aids and routes, designated airspace and airports

aeronautical engineer

/ eərənɔ t k(ə)l end" n ə/ noun an engineer who specialises in the design of aircraft

aeronautical engineering

/ eərəυnɔ t k(ə)l end" n ər ŋ/ noun the science or study of the design of aircraft

aeronautical fixed service

/ eərənɔ t k(ə)l f kst s% v s/ noun a radio communications service between fixed points that is designed to enable aircraft to travel safely. Abbreviation

AFS

aeronautical fixed telecommunication network / eərənɔ t k(ə)lf kst telikəmju n ke ʃ(ə)n netw% k/

noun a ground-based network of teleprinters that transmits flight plans and similar data between control centres. Abbreviation AFTN

aeronautical information circular / eərənɔ t k(ə)l nfə me ʃ(ə)ns% kjυlə/ noun a notice issued by an

aviation authority in which information is given about administrative, technical, safety or operational matters

Aeronautical Information Publication noun a document issued by a state in which information is given about aviation in that country. Abbreviation AIP

aeronautics / eərə nɔ t ks/ noun 1. the science of aircraft design, construction and operation 2. the theory and practice of aircraft navigation

aeroneurosis / eərəυnjυ rəυs s/ noun anxiety and fatigue in airline pilots as a result of long periods of flying

aeroplane / eərəple n/ noun a power-driven, heavier-than-air craft with fixed wings (NOTE: Many people use the words aeroplane and aircraft as if they had exactly the same meaning. However, aeroplanes, hot-air balloons, helicopters, airships and gliders are all aircraft. The US English is airplane.)

aeroplane performance

/ eərəple n pə fɔ məns/ noun a description in figures of what a plane can do, including, e.g., its speed, rate of climb, and the length of its take-off run aerostat / eərəυst t/ noun a hot-air or gas-filled aircraft, e.g. an airship or balloon

aero-tow / eərə təυ/ noun a technique of using a powered aircraft to pull a glider into the air An aero-tow to 2,000 feet costs $25.

AFCS abbreviation automatic flight control system

AFDS abbreviation autopilot flight director system

affect /ə fekt/ verb to have an influence on something, or cause a change in something Humidity and air density are factors which affect the output of the engine. Compare effect

AFI abbreviation assistant flying instructor

AFIC abbreviation assistant flying instructor course

AFIS abbreviation aerodrome flight information service

AFS abbreviation aeronautical fixed service

aft /ɑ ft/ adjective towards the rear part of the aircraft The rear part of the fuselage is called the aft section. aft cabin the passenger compartment at the back of the aircraft adverb rearwards or backwards to move the control column aft to move the control column backwards. Opposite fore, forward

after / ɑ ftə/ adjective positioned closer to the rear of an aircraft adverb closer to the rear of an aircraft afterburner / ɑ ftəb% nə/ noun a system that injects fuel into the hot exhaust gases of a jet engine in order to increase thrust

AFTN abbreviation aeronautical fixed telecommunication network

agent / e d"ənt/ noun 1. a chemical substance which causes a change If de-icing fluid is used as an anti-icing agent it should be sprayed onto the aircraft before the onset of icing. extinguishing agent a substance used to put out fires 2. a person who represents a company or arranges something for a company the agent for British Airways a travel agent

aggregate / $r $ət/ noun the total obtained by adding The aggregate of the capacity of all the fuel tanks is 50 gallons. verb to add or come together to form a mass or total Ice crystals aggregate to form snowflakes.

AGL abbreviation above ground level agree /ə $ri / verb 1. to have the same idea or opinion about something The crew agreed with the findings of the investigation. 2. to come to an understanding After hours of discussion, the cabin staff agreed to call off the planned strike.

agreed /ə $ri d/ adjective generally accepted The millibar is an agreed unit of pressure.

agreement /ə $ri mənt/ noun 1. the state of having the same idea or opinion as somebody we are in agreement we agree 2. a document in which the things that two or more people or organisations have agreed to do are written down Regional Air Navigation Agreements

ahead /ə hed/ adverb in front look ahead look some distance in front of you straight ahead directly in front ahead of /ə hed əv/ preposition 1. in front of Air ahead of a cold front is warmer than air behind a cold front. 2. in advance of or at an earlier time than

The flight from Paris arrived 10 minutes ahead of schedule.

AHRS noun a sensor which provides information on the pitch, bank and heading of an aircraft. Full form attitude heading reference system

AI abbreviation attitude indicator

AIAA abbreviation area of intense air activity

AIC abbreviation aeronautical information circular

aid /e d/ noun something which helps somebody do something verb to help

Computers can aid students in their studies.

AIDS /e dz/ abbreviation 1. airborne integrated data system 2. aircraft integrated data system

aileron / e lərɒn/ noun a horizontal control surface hinged to the mainplane, which enables an aeroplane to bank or roll By rotating the yoke the ailerons are moved and the aircraft rolls into a turn. (NOTE: The word comes from the French ‘aile’, meaning ‘wing’.)

aim /e m/ noun a goal or objective A 100% safe operation is the aim of all airline companies. verb to intend or to try to do something we aim to succeed we intend to succeed

AIP abbreviation Aeronautical Information Publication

air /eə/ noun the mixture of gases which forms the Earth’s atmosphere

Air enters the cabin through an inlet.

AIRAC abbreviation aeronautical information regulation and control

Air Accident Investigation Branch / eər ks d(ə)nt n vest$e ʃ(ə)n brɑ ntʃ/ noun the depart-

ment of the CAA of the United Kingdom responsible for establishing the cause of accidents. Abbreviation AAIB airborne / eəbɔ n/ adjective lifted and kept in the air by aerodynamic forces Shortly after the aircraft becomes airborne, the undercarriage is retracted.

airborne installation / eəbɔ nnstə le ʃ(ə)n/ noun a radio device in

an aircraft which operates in conjunction with a ground installation The airborne installation comprises an antenna, receiver and indicator(s).

airborne weather radar / eəbɔ nweθə re dɑ / noun a radar installation in an aircraft to give the flight crew information about the weather along their route. Abbreviation AWR air-breathing engine / eə bri θ ŋ

end" n/ an engine that burns a mixture of liquid fuel and air (NOTE: There are four types of air-breathing engine: turbo jet, turbo prop, turbofan and ramjet.) air bridge / eə br d"/ noun a link provided by aircraft that carry people and supplies between two places, especially in situations where travel by land is not possible

Airbus / eəb s/ a trademark for a large passenger jet aircraft manufactured by aerospace companies from different European countries working together

air conditioner / eə kən d ʃ(ə)nə/ noun a device which filters and cools the air in a room or in an aircraft In order to obtain maximum engine power, the air conditioner should be switched off for take-off.

air conditioning /eə kən d ʃ(ə)n ŋ/ noun a system for controlling the temperature of the air in a building or in an aircraft

air-cooled / eə ku ld/ adjective cooled by means of a flow of air aircooled engines piston aero-engines cooled by air, not water

air corridor / eə kɒr dɔ / noun a route that aircraft must take through an area in which flying is restricted aircraft / eəkrɑ ft/ noun a machine that is able to travel through the air

Aeroplanes, gliders, balloons, airships, helicopters, etc., are all aircraft. Abbreviation ACFT (NOTE: Aircraft has no plural form.)

aircraft classification number

/ eəkrɑ ft kl s f ke ʃ(ə)n n mbə/ noun a number expressing the relative effect of an aircraft on a pavement for a specified sub-grade strength. Abbreviation CAN

aircraft condition monitoring system / eəkrɑ ft kən d ʃ(ə)nmɒn t(ə)r ŋ s stəm/ noun full form

of ACMS

aircraft configuration / eəkrɑ ft kən f $ə re ʃ(ə)n/ noun a particular

combination of moveable parts such as flaps and landing gear that affects the aerodynamics of the aircraft

aircraft proximity hazard

/ eəkrɑ ft prɒk s m ti h zəd/ noun same as airprox

aircraft stability / eəkrɑ ft stəb ləti/ noun the tendency of an aircraft to return to its original attitude after being deflected

aircrew / eəkru / noun the pilot, navigator and other crew members of an aircraft

air cushion vehicle / eə kυʃ(ə)nvi k(ə)l/ noun same as hovercraft air data computer / eə de tə kəmpju tə/ noun an electronic device which provides information such as air temperature, airspeed and static pressure. Abbreviation ADC

air density / eə densəti/ noun the density of the atmosphere

airfield / eəfi ld/ noun an area of land given over to runways, taxiways and aprons When the pressure setting on the altimeter is set to 1013.25 millibars, the pressure altitude of the airfield is known as QNE.

air filter / eə f ltə/ noun a device to filter solid particles out of the air in engine and ventilation systems airflow / eəfləυ/ noun 1. the movement of air over the aircraft as it travels through the atmosphere 2. a current of air flowing through or past an object or body The compressor must provide an adequate airflow through the engine. airfoil / eərfɔ l/ noun US same as aerofoil

airframe / eəfre m/ noun the body of the aircraft without the engines, instruments and internal fittings The airframe has to be built to very specific requirements.

airframe icing / eəfre m a s ŋ/ noun ice that forms on the aircraft structure as opposed to on components such as carburettors

air gap / eə $ p/ noun a space between two things air gap type

spark plug a spark plug with a space between the electrodes, across which the spark jumps

air intake / eə nte k/ noun the front part of a jet engine where air enters

air lane / eə le n/ noun a regular route that aeroplanes fly along

airline / eəla n/ noun a company which manages air transport services for passengers or goods Which airline is she working for, Air France or Air Canada? Most airlines do not allow passengers to smoke during flight. airliner / eəla nə/ noun an aeroplane designed to carry large numbers of passengers Concorde is the world’s fastest airliner.

airline representative / eəla nrepr zentət v/ noun a person who

acts on behalf of an airline, or a person who works for an airline Passengers should assemble in the departure lounge where an airline representative will meet them.

airline security area / eəla n skjυər ti eəriə/ noun an area in which

measures are taken by an airline to ensure the safety of people and property

Airline Transport Pilot’s Licence / eəla n tr nspɔ t pa ləts

la s(ə)ns/ noun the licence that a person must have to be the pilot-in-com- mand or co-pilot of a public transport aircraft. Abbreviation ATPL

airman / eəmən/ noun a person who is a member of a country’s Air Force airmanship / eəmənʃ p/ noun allround skill in piloting an aircraft which includes academic knowledge, common sense, quick reactions, awareness, experience, consideration for other people and property Keeping a careful lookout for other aircraft in the circuit is good airmanship.

‘I was always told by my airmanship instructor, in an emergency, to find the largest piece of asphalt with the biggest fire trucks’ [INTER PILOT]

air mass / eə m s/ noun a very large mass of air in the atmosphere in which the temperature is almost constant and which is divided from another mass by a front Air masses are divided into two

types according to source region, and these are known as polar and tropical air masses.

airpark / eəpɑ k/ noun a small airport, usually found near a business or industrial centre

airplane / eəple n/ US same as aeroplane

air pocket / eəpɒk t/ noun a small area where the air is less dense or where there is a downward air current, and which makes an aircraft lose height suddenly

air pollution /eə pə lu ʃ(ə)n/ noun pollution of the air by gas, smoke, ash, etc. Solid particles in the air include dust, sand, volcanic ash and atmospheric pollution. Also called atmospheric pollution

airport / eəpɔ t/ noun a civil aerodrome designed for the take-off and landing of passenger-carrying aircraft for the general public and/or cargo aircraft London Heathrow is one of the busiest airports in the world. Abbreviation A/P

airport authority / eəpɔ t ɔ θɒr ti/ noun the organisation responsible for the running of an airport

airport security officer / eəpɔ t skjυər ti ɒf sə/ noun a person

employed by an airport authority to check passengers and baggage for illegal substances or devices, e.g. drugs, guns

airport surface detection equipment / eəpɔ t s% f s d tekʃ(ə)nkw pmənt/ noun short-range radar

equipment that scans the surface area of an airport and tracks the movement of aircraft and other vehicles on the ground

airprox / eəprɒks/ noun a situation in which aircraft are too close to one another in an area of airspace and there is the possibility of danger to them. Also called aircraft proximity hazard air-sea rescue / eə si reskju / noun a rescue at sea in which aircraft, especially helicopters, are used

airship / eəʃ p/ noun a powered, gasfilled balloon which can be steered An

airship is classified as a lighter-than- air craft.

airshow / eəʃəυ/ noun a public display of aircraft in flight and on the ground, held at an airfield

airside / eəsa d/ noun the part of an airport where the aircraft take off and land, load, or unload

air sock / eə sɒk/ noun same as windsock

airspace / eəspe s/ noun the part of the atmosphere that is above a particular geographical area and is subject to the laws of a particular country or controlling authority The Korean 747 flew into Soviet airspace and was shot down. airspeed / eəspi d/ noun the speed of the aircraft relative to the air around it

Maintain a constant airspeed on final approach.

airspeed indicator / eəspi dnd ke tə/ noun a primary cockpit or flight deck instrument which shows the pilot the speed of the aircraft in relation to the air around it Airspeed is shown in knots on the airspeed indicator.

Abbreviation ASI

COMMENT: The position of the pitot tube and the attitude of an aircraft can affect the accuracy of the airspeed indicator. Aircraft operating handbooks usually have a table to help pilots calculate calibrated airspeed (CAS).

air station / eə ste ʃ(ə)n/ noun a small airfield with facilities for the maintenance of aircraft

airstream / eəstri m/ noun the flow of air caused by the movement of the aircraft through the air Pressure is built up inside the pitot tube by the airstream.

COMMENT: Unlike airflow, airstream does not refer to the movement of air around the airframe and its aerodynamic effect.

airstrip / eəstr p/ noun a place for aircraft to take off and land that has no facilities and is often temporary

air taxi / eə t ksi/ noun a small commercial aircraft used for short flights between places not on a regular airline route