teachers 10 / SPOTLIGHT10_Ts_075-095

Earth Alert!

Before you start …

ñRevise one or two points from the previous module (e.g. school life, jobs, etc).

ñDirect Ss’ attention to the title of the module, Earth Alert! Elicit that it refers to environmental issues, environmental protection, the Earth, etc.

Look at Module 4

In order to stimulate discussion and interest, ask Ss which page each picture is from. Then elicit other information (e.g. what the picture shows, what else Ss can see on that page and what they think this unit might be about).

Suggested Answer Key

Focus Ss’ attention on pic 1 (p. 63).

T: What page is picture 1 from? S1: It’s from page 66.

T: What can you see in picture 1?

S2: A man, a flight or stairs, the Earth. T: What is the man doing?

S3: He is going up the stairs while the Earth is being crushed underneath.

T:What might that have to do with the title of the module?

S4: It might be related to man causing harm to the Earth and the environment with his actions.

Pic 2 (p. 75)

What does the picture show? How is it related to the topic of that unit?

Pic 3 (p. 65)

What does the sign stand for? What is recycling? Do you recycle? Are there any recycling centres, bins, etc where you live, go to school, etc?

Pic 4 (p. 77)

What can you see in the picture? What happened to the trees? Why are forests in danger?

Find the page number(s) for…

Allow Ss time to browse through the module and find the relevant information. Then ask them to explain what each one is, and elicit simple information about each item.

Suggested Answer Key a mind map (p. 64)

(a diagram representing the three Rs ― reduce, reuse, recycle) What is a mind map? What are the three Rs?

Module 4

an adoption certificate (p. 67)

(a certificate for adopting a tree) What is an adoption certificate? Where can one find them? Why adopt a tree?

newspaper headlines (p. 69)

(important headings in a newspaper) What is a newspaper headline? What do they refer to? How can you tell newspaper headlines from other news?

Go through the rest of the sections with your Ss and point out that by the end of the module they will know how to perform the tasks listed.

Explain that the module has:

–a Literature section

–a Culture Corner

-an Across the Curriculum section

-a Going Green section

Ask Ss to look at the relevant pages and elicit what each section is about.

Suggested Answer Key

The Literature section is about an author and a literature extract. This one (pp. 70-71) is about Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and an extract from his novel The Lost World. Several activities are included to stimulate interest and explore this piece of literature.

The Culture Corner (p. 75) contains an article on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.

The Across the Curriculum section (p. 76) looks at photosynthesis, a topic in Science.

The Going Green section (p. 77) looks at environmental issues. This one looks at tropical rainforests and ways to save them.

Listen, read and talk about …/Learn how to …/ Practise …/Write/Make …

As described in the relevant section in Module 1.

Objectives

Vocabulary: environmental protection

Reading: an article on recycling and eliminating waste (multiple choice cloze)

Skills ― reading for lexico-grammatical structure ― reading for detailed comprehension

Speaking: talking about recycling

Writing: a quiz

Vocabulary

1Focus Presenting vocabulary related to

environmental protection

ñRead through the diagram/mind map and elicit/ explain any new vocabulary.

ñAllow Ss time to make sentences with the ideas listed.

ñSelect individual Ss to read out their sentences.

Suggested Answer Key

We should reduce energy consumption. We should reuse old containers, such as old tins, shoe boxes, jars and bottles. We should recycle glass, aluminium, paper and plastic. etc

Reading

2 a) Focus Predicting the content of a text

ñDirect Ss’ attention to the title and heading of the text on p. 65.

ñElicit what they think the writer’s purpose was

(to give information and promote recycling).

ñSelect individual Ss to say what they expect to learn from the text.

ñAllow Ss time to read through the text and check their answers.

Suggested Answer Key

I think the writer’s purpose in writing the text was to encourage people to reduce waste and be more environmentally aware. I expect to learn more about how to reduce waste and how to be more environmentally friendly.

b)Focus Reading for detailed understanding

ñAllow Ss time to complete the task. Ss work in pairs and compare their answers.

ñ Play the recording. Ss check their answers.

3Focus Practising new vocabulary

ñElicit/Explain the meaning of the words in bold in the text by giving an example, explanation or synonym. Ss may check in their dictionaries where necessary.

ñAllow Ss time to fill in the gaps.

ñSelect individual Ss to read out each sentence.

4Focus Understanding phrasal verbs

ñDirect Ss’ attention to the highlighted phrasal verbs in the text. Write them on the board.

ñSs work in pairs and match them to the definitions.

ñCheck Ss’ answers, then Ss make sentences with the phrasal verbs.

Answer Key

come up with ― think of

throw (…) away ― put in the bin switch off ― stop sth working turn down ― lower

put on ― wear

cut down on ― reduce

Suggested Answer Key

Harry came up with a good idea on how to save energy.

You shouldn’t throw used batteries away. You should switch off the TV when you’re not watching it.

Can you turn down the music? I can’t concentrate. You should put on a scarf if you’re going out. We need to cut down the amount of paper we use.

Writing

6Focus Writing a quiz

ñElicit/Explain what a quiz is.

ñGo through the example.

ñAllow Ss time to create a simple quiz using ideas from the text and their own ideas.

ñSs work in pairs. Ss swap quizzes, fill them in and report findings to class.

ñAlternatively, you can assign task as HW.

Words of Wisdom

ñDraw Ss’ attention to the quotation.

ñElicit ideas for how to paraphrase the quotation and build up a paraphrase on the board. Ss discuss the meaning in pairs or small groups.

ñElicit whether Ss agree or disagree with the quotation and ask Ss to justify their opinions. Ask various pairs or groups to report back to the class.

ñAs an extension, Ss could suggest similar or other quotations on the topic from their L1.

Objectives

Vocabulary: environmental issues; idioms related to the weather

Speaking: expressing concern/hope; talking about adopting a tree (role play); discussing the weather Reading: a dialogue (comprehension questions)

Skill ― reading for specific information

Listening: a dialogue (gap-filling)

Skill ― listening for specific information

Vocabulary

1 a) Focus Understanding the theme

ñDirect Ss’ attention to the picture and ask individual Ss to describe what they can see.

ñElicit what message it gives (Man advancing at the expense of the Earth).

ñRead aloud the quotation and elicit how it relates to the message in the picture.

Suggested Answer Key

I think the picture is meant to get across the message that man is destroying the Earth because a man is climbing up the stairs on top of the Earth which seems to be getting crushed. The proverb is related to it because it refers to the fact that we only realise how much something is worth until it’s gone. So as man hasn’t realised the damage he is causing he will probably only realise it when it’s too late.

Suggested Answer Key

A:Power stations are very important because they provide electricity for our modern lifestyles.

B:Yes, that’s true but they also increase C02 emissions which cause global warming and

climate change. etc

Everyday English

2Focus Learning to express concern and

hope

ñDirect Ss’ attention to the language box and explain/elicit the meaning of any new vocabulary.

ñExplain the task and read aloud the fact file.

ñRead out the example modelling intonation and pronunciation.

ñSs work in pairs and make up exchanges.

ñMonitor the activity around the class, then ask some pairs to act out their exchanges.

Suggested Answer Key

A:I read somewhere recently that more than 150 acres of rainforest are lost every minute.

B:That’s really shocking!

A:Well, maybe we can do something before it’s too late. etc

Reading

3 a) Focus Predicting the content of a

b) Focus Practising language on environmental issues

ñAllow Ss time to read items 1-4 and a-d.

ñExplain/Elicit the meaning of any unknown vocabulary.

ñSs then match the actions to their consequences. Act out the example exchange with a S.

ñSs then discuss in groups, as in the example.

Answer Key

dialogue

ñDirect Ss’ attention to the words/phrases in the list. Elicit/Explain their meaning.

ñSs guess what the dialogue might be about.

ñPlay the recording while Ss listen and read the text to check.

Suggested Answer Key

I think the dialogue is about adopting an animal.

b)Focus Reading for specific information

ñAsk Ss to read the questions.

ñAllow Ss time to read the dialogue and answer the questions.

ñSelect individual Ss to read out their answers.

ñSs explain the words in bold. Ask Ss to infer meaning from the context first and then check in their dictionaries.

Answer Key

1When you adopt an animal you donate money to the zoo every month.

2Your support helps the zoo pay for the things the animal needs like food and the

cleaning of its enclosure and helps the zoo continue their conservation programmes.

3When you adopt an animal you get an adoption certificate, and a ticket which allows you to visit the zoo whenever you like.

Suggested Answer Key

adopted: a child or an animal taken into your care

enclosure: an area of land surrounded by a wall or a fence

conservation programmes: a series of planned actions to protect sth

endangered species: types of animals that are at risk of disappearing

modern lifestyles: our way of life these days natural habitats: the environment in which animals live in nature

in return for: in exchange for

adoption certificate: a piece of paper proving that you have adopted

c)Focus Acting out a dialogue

ñSs work in pairs, take roles and read out the dialogue.

ñGo around the class monitoring the activity.

ñAsk some pairs to act out their dialogues for the class.

Listening

4 a) Focus Predicting the content of a

listening exercise

ñDirect Ss’ attention to the form.

ñSs try to guess what it is for and what they expect to hear.

ñAllow Ss time to read the certificate.

ñAsk Ss to try and predict what kind of information is missing (e.g. name, numbers, etc).

Listening & Speaking Skills 4b

Suggested Answer Key

The form is an adoption certificate which states that Harry has adopted a tree.

6length of time

b)Focus Listening for specific information

ñPlay the recording.

ñSs complete the gaps individually and then compare answers with a partner.

ñPlay the recording again if necessary.

ñCheck Ss’ answers.

TAPESCRIPT

Woman: Hi, you’ve reached the ‘Adopt a Tree Foundation’. How may I help you?

Man: Oh, hello, I’ve just been reading about your organisation on the Internet and I’d like to adopt a tree as a gift for a friend, please.

Woman: Certainly, sir. Could I take your name, please? Man: Yes, it’s Mike Hammond.

Woman: OK, Mr Hammond, we issue an adoption certificate for each new adoption. What name would you like to appear on it?

Man: My friend’s name is Harry Barker.

Woman: Is that H-A-R-R-Y and then B-A-R-K-E-R? Man: Yes, that’s right.

Woman: … and what kind of tree would you like to adopt for Mr Barker?

Man: Oh … what is there to choose from?

Woman: You can adopt an oak tree, a pine tree or a silver birch.

Man: Errr … well, silver birch trees are really beautiful but oak trees live longer, don’t they?

Woman: Yes, the description here says that they support a rich variety of wildlife and can live for over 400 years.

Man: Wow! OK, an oak tree it is, then!

Woman: Good choice, sir. Now, there’s a space on the certificate for you to include a short message. What would you like your message to say?

4b Listening & Speaking Skills

Man: Err … well, it’s for his birthday, so I guess something like: “Happy Birthday, Harry! Hope you like the gift.”

Woman: OK, that’s fine. Do you have any questions about the adoption?

Man: Err … yes, I do actually … what will my friend actually receive other than the adoption certificate? Woman: He’ll receive information about his tree and a photograph of course, but the adoption also includes lifetime membership of the ‘Adopt a Tree Foundation’ so your friend will receive regular updates on all of our conservation projects.

Man: That’s great. Thanks a lot.

Woman: You’re welcome. Now, I just need to take your friend’s address and … (fade out)

Speaking

5Focus Practising new vocabulary

ñExplain the task.

ñSs work in pairs.

ñDirect Ss’ attention to the dialogue in Ex. 3.

ñSs use the prompts to act out a dialogue.

ñGo around the class monitoring the task.

Suggested Answer Key

Harry: Guess what? Mike just adopted an oak tree for a birthday gift for me.

Friend: Adopted it! What do you mean? Harry: Well, I donate £2 a month to Adopt-A-

Tree Foundation and they use the money to protect the tree.

Friend: That’s a great idea! What type of tree is it?

Harry: It’s an oak tree. Also, they sent me a photograph of the tree, an adoption certificate, lifetime membership to the foundation and regular updates about their conservation projects.

Friend: That sounds cool!

Harry: It is. I think It’s great to help the environment before it’s too late.

Say it right

6Focus Discussing the weather

ñExplain the task.

ñPlay the recording. Ss listen and complete the task. Then Ss act out the exchanges in pairs.

ñMonitor the pairs as they act out their exchanges, providing assistance where necessary.

ñWhen they complete the activity, invite a few pairs to act out their exchanges for the class to check answers.

Answer Key

7Focus Working with idioms

ñExplain that the task is to complete the sentences with the right word so that it forms an idiom.

ñSs complete the task individually using their dictionaries if they wish.

ñCheck Ss’ answers and ask if there are similar idioms in their language.

ñAs an extension ask Ss to choose an idiom and draw a picture to illustrate its meaning. Ss, in groups, swap papers and guess which idiom the drawing illustrates.

8Focus Revising

ñSs close books. Allow Ss two or three minutes to revise the lesson.

ñSs think of ten new words/phrases.

ñAllow Ss time to make sentences with them.

ñSs then tell their partners.

ñGo around the class monitoring the task.

(Ss’ own answers)

Objectives

Vocabulary: phrasal verbs with run; words often confused; dependent prepositions; forming negative adjectives

Grammar: modal verbs

Reading: a dialogue (two-option cloze test)

Skill ― reading for grammatical appropriateness

1 a) Focus Understanding modal verbs

ñExplain the task.

ñDo item 1 together then allow Ss time to complete the task.

ñSs compare answers, checking in a dictionary if necessary.

ñSs can refer to the Grammar Reference section for more details.

ñCheck Ss’ answers and offer explanations where necessary.

ñSs close their books.

ñWrite on the board the sentences below. Elicit the situation these sentences apply to (e.g. when having a picnic in the park).

You mustn’t litter.

You ought to/should check the weather forecast before you set off.

You must keep your dog on a lead.

ñWrite on the board: prohibition, advice/ suggestion, obligation/duty/necessity.

ñAsk Ss to match the sentences to the headings.

Answer Key

obligation/strong recommendation ― must, shouldn’t, have to

lack of obligation/necessity ― don’t have to permission/possibility ― can(’t) recommendation/advice ― should/ought to/ had better

prohibition ― mustn’t

2Focus Choosing appropriate modals

ñSs read the text.

ñExplain any new vocabulary.

ñRemind Ss they should first decide whether the sentences express prohibition, advice/suggestion or obligation/duty/necessity.

ñAllow Ss time to fill in the gaps and compare answers with a partner.

ñSelect a pair of Ss to read out the dialogue.

ñPlay the recording. Ss listen and check their answers.

3Focus Practising modal verbs (must/have

to/ mustn’t/should)

ñRead out the signs.

ñElicit/Explain the meanings of any new vocabulary.

ñChoose a S to read out the example.

ñExplain the task.

ñSs complete the task individually and then compare answers with a partner.

ñCheck Ss’ answers around the class.

ñAs an extension ask Ss to notice signs they see in their area and explain their meaning.

Answer Key

2 You can go into the recycling centre here.

3 You mustn’t swim here.

4 You mustn’t smoke here.

5 You can recycle phone books here. You mustn’t recycle magazines or catalogues here.

4Focus Practise using modal verbs

ñChoose a S to read out the example and elicit why that particular modal is used.

ñAllow Ss time to make sentences.

ñElicit answers around the class.

ñCorrect Ss’ answers.

4c Grammar in Use

Suggested Answer Key

In my country:

car drivers must/have to wear seat belts. you have to pay for local phone calls. citizens must carry identity cards. smokers mustn’t smoke in public places.

passengers mustn’t eat on public transport. teenagers can leave school at 16.

5Focus Consolidating modals

ñDirect Ss’ attention to the table.

ñRead out the table explaining the modals.

ñSs complete the exercise.

ñSelect individual Ss to read out the sentences.

Game

Focus Practising modal verbs

ñDivide the class into teams.

ñExplain the game.

ñEncourage Ss to be imaginative and creative.

ñSs can use their notes from Exs. 1, 2, 3, 4 to help them.

ñThe team that guesses the most correct answers wins the game.

Suggested Answer Key

A:Can I go out tonight?

B:You are asking your mum. etc

6Focus Forming negative adjectives

ñExplain that the prefixes and suffixes in the box can be added to form negative adjectives.

ñExplain that each gap in the headlines can be completed by adding one of them to the words in brackets.

ñDo item 1 with Ss, then Ss complete the task.

ñCheck Ss’ answers.

7Focus Practising dependent prepositions

ñExplain the task. Tell Ss to try each preposition in the gap until they find the one that makes most sense and then check in Appendix 1.

ñAllow Ss time to complete the task.

ñSelect individual Ss to read out the sentences.

Suggested Answer Key

1 Pollution is harmful to us all.

2 Pandas are under threat of extinction.

3What can we do to protect forests from being cut down?

4 I am a supporter of WWF.

5 I feel strongly about protecting the environment.

6 Many animals are in danger of extinction.

7 Some animals can be bred in captivity.

8Focus Practising phrasal verbs

ñExplain that each sentence can be completed with a phrasal verb from the diagram.

ñSs complete the task individually.

ñCheck Ss’ answers, eliciting the meaning of each phrasal verb.

ñAs an extension ask Ss to draw a picture for one of the phrasal verbs.

ñSs hold up their pictures and the class tries to identify the phrasal verb.

9Focus Understanding frequently confused

words

ñSs complete the task individually, using their dictionaries if necessary.

ñCheck answers with the class.

ñSs write sentences to illustrate the meanings of the alternative words.

4 d Literature

Objectives

Vocabulary: synonyms for ‘big’; similes; lexis related to animals; adjectives

Reading: an extract from The Lost World (missing sentences)

Skills ― reading for general & detailed comprehension

Writing: a letter about an expedition

1Focus Predicting the content of a text

ñAsk Ss to look at the title of the text and the picture.

ñSs try to guess what the text is about.

ñAllow Ss time to read the biography and check.

Suggested Answer Key

I think the extract is about a place where prehistoric animals still exist.

2 a) Focus Predicting the next event in a

story

ñExplain the task.

ñSelect individual Ss to read out the lines.

ñSs answer the questions. Play the recording.

ñSs listen and follow the text to find out.

Suggested Answer Key

I think the professor has seen some dinosaurs. I think they will hide in the bushes and watch them.

b) Focus Matching sentences to a gapped

text

ñAllow Ss time to read the extract.

ñDo the first item with Ss.

ñSs complete the exercise.

ñSelect individual Ss to read out paragraphs of the text including the completed gaps.

ñExplain the task. Draw Ss’ attention to the highlighted words in the text.

ñSs complete the exercise.

ñSs match the words to their meanings.

ñAllow Ss time to create their own sentences with these words.

4d Literature

ñSelect individual Ss to read out their sentences.

Suggested Answer Key

I couldn’t endure the suspense any longer. The dog was motionless as it slept.

The dog yelped when he trod on its tail. The door was concealed in the wall. The disco ball glittered under the lights.

The house was monstrous and had 20 bedrooms. Stars gleam at night.

Eating chocolate cake is ecstasy for John.

He left a message for there was no one at home.

b)Focus Learning new vocabulary

ñTell Ss to try and guess the meaning of the words from the context before using their dictionaries. Ss then give an explanation, example or synonym for each of the words in bold in the text.

ñSs compare answers with a partner.

ñSelect individual Ss to explain the words and elicit L1 equivalents.

Suggested Answer Key triumphantly: with a sense of victory upright: vertical

track: a narrow path through a field or forest swamp: an area of very wet land

clearing: an area in a forest where there is no tall vegetation

slate-coloured: a dark greyish colour

scales: small flat pieces of hard skin that covers certain animals’ bodies

broad: wide

sight: something you see clumsy: awkward or careless

hopping: jumping up and down on one foot thuds: dull sounds

bunch: a group of (flowers/grapes) shimmering: to shine with a faint light trunks: main stems of trees comrades: friends

fake: a fake is sb or sth that is not what they pretend to be; an imitation

specimens: examples of sth or small quantites of sth to be used for study

praise: to express approval

(Ss’ own answers)

4Focus Finding synonyms

ñExplain the task.

ñAllow Ss time to find synonyms.

ñSs make sentences using the words.

ñBrainstorm with Ss for more synonyms of the word.

Answer Key

huge, enormous, monstrous, great, large

Suggested Answer Key

She had a small face with huge brown eyes. The swimming pool in the hotel is enormous. They’ve put a monstrous statue in the town square.

A great many people came to see it. Tom has rather large feet.

5Focus Learning words related to animals

ñExplain the example to Ss. Write the headings on the board in a table. Give another example

(e.g. types: bird).

ñAllow Ss time to find the rest of the words.

ñSs compare answers with a partner.

Answer Key

classes: human, dinosaurs

parts of body: three-toed feet, five-fingered forepaws, tails, feet, skins, muscles, brain, heads, hand, cheeks, face

types: birds, elephants, lizards, kangaroos, crocodiles, iguanas

6 a) Focus Understanding comparisons

ñExplain the task.

ñAllow Ss time to read through the text again.

ñSs complete the task and then compare with a partner.