комплексная реабилитация

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

(ɤɪɭɠɤɢ, ɡɚɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɭɪɫɵ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɫɚɯ, ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɢ, ɸɛɢɥɟɢ), ɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ (ɤɚɤ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ) — ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɫɢɯɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɨɰɢɨɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ. ɂɧɜɚɥɢɞɵ, ɨɜɥɚɞɟɜɲɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɧɨɬɟɚɬɪɨɜ, ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ — ɨɛɳɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ, ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɳɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ, ɨɛɦɟɧ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɱɟɬ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ [8].

Ɍɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ. ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɦ, ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ. ȼ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ «ɫɪɟɞɚ» ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɛɥɢɠɧɟɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ: ɷɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɦɶɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɟ, ɤɬɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ, ɷɬɨ ɬɟ, ɤɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɭɱɟɛɟ, ɜ ɱɚɫɵ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ. ɋɸɞɚ ɠɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ — ɜɪɚɱɢ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ (ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ) ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɫ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɟɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ «ɪɨɥɢ» ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ.

ȼɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ «ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ-ɫɪɟɞɚ» ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɵ ɢ ɧɟ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɢɯɟɜɢɨɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ «ɫɬɢɦɭɥ-ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ». ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɢɯ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɛɪɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɩɫɢɯɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɫ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢ «ɜɟɳɟɜɨɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ» (ɢɧɬɟɪɶɟɪ, ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬ, ɞɨɦɚɲɧɹɹ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.).

ȼɫɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢ

149

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɛɵɥ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤ (ɤɭɪɚɬɨɪ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ, ɜɪɚɱ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝ ɢɥɢ ɤɬɨ-ɬɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ), ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɛɵ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɨɧ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɨɝ ɛɵ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɭɞɧɭɸ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɟɬ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ ɫ ɞɪɭɠɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɢ.

Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ-

ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɧɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɤɥɭɛɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɞɚɟɬ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸ, ɥɸɞɹɦ — ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɭɸ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɚɹ ɢ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɱɟɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɧɟɜɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬ.

ȼ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ. ȼ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɯ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɞɨɫɭɝɚ, ɢɝɪɨ- ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ. Ʉ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ, ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɲɬɚɬɟ ɐɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɪɚɱɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ (ɧɟɜɪɨɩɚɬɨɥɨɝ, ɩɫɢɯɨɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬ, ɜɪɚɱ ɩɨ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ), ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɵ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɵ ɩɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ, ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɥɨɝ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ. ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ "ɨɬɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ" ɨɬ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɵɯ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɧɟ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ, «ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ» ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɦɢ ɪɨɜɟɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ.

Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɨɬ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ.

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Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ «Special Olimpics International» ɢ «Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ» (INAS-FMN) ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɞɨɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɨɬ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ.

ɉɪɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ:

ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɧɟɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɟ;

ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɥɭɱɲɟ;

ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɨɰɢɭɦɚ — ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ, ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ.

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ:

ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ;

ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ;

ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ.

Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ — ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɬ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɭ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɵɯ.

ɂɩɩɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ. ɐɟɧɬɪɵ ɩɨ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɨɣ ɟɡɞɟ (Ʌȼȿ) ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ. Ɍɚɤ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1000, ɚ ɜ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 700 ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢɩɩɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɡɞɨɪɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 26000 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ. ȼ ɉɨɥɶɲɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 60 ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ.

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ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɩɩɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɜ 1991 ɝɨɞɚ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ Ⱦɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ «ɀɢɜɚɹ ɧɢɬɶ» [4]. ɉɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɢɩɩɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɜɨɲɥɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ.

ɂɩɩɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ:

xɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɝɢɩɨɤɢɧɟɡɢɢ;

xɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ;

xɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ;

xɭɥɭɱɲɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ;

xɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ.

ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɤɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɬɪɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɛɥɢɠɧɢɦɢ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ (ɤɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ) ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɟɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ.

Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɫɟɦɶɟɣ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɬɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɬɪɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ «ɪɟɛɺɧɤɨɦ», ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɟɦɭ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɭɯɨɞ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢ ɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɢ ɭɯɚɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɫ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɰɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɧɟɜɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞ ɫ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɠɢɥ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ — ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɨɧ ɦɨɝ ɛɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɧɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɞɨɦɚ, ɫ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɫ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɢ ɥɶɝɨɬɚɯ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɯ.

ȼ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɟɦɶɹ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɫ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɟɺ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ.

ȼɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɢ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɟɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.

ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɜɺɪɬɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɣ, ɚɦɛɭɥɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɚɧɚɬɨɪɧɨɤɭɪɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɟɣ. ɋɟɦɟɣɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɢɯ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ, ɞɨɦɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɵ:

1.Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɢ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɫɟɦɶɢ.

2.Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ.

3.Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɟ.

4.Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ.

5.Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ «ɦɚɥɵɟ» ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ.

6.Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ.

153

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7.Ⱦɨ 90% ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɧɟɦɟɞɢɤɚɦɟɧɬɨɡɧɵɦɢ.

Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɨɫɬɪɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ

ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɞɨɦɚ, ɫ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɢ ɥɶɝɨɬɚɯ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ.

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɬɹɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ, ɫɟɦɶɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɟ ɜ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ, ɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ.

ȼɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɨɛɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ, ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɵ (ɤɚɤ ɤɭɤɥɵ-ɦɚɬɪɟɲɤɢ) ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ, ɚ ɜɟɞɶ ɫɟɦɶɹ — ɷɬɨ ɬɨɠɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɬ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫ ɟɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ.

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ:

Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ? ɑɟɦɭ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ?

Ʉɭɞɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ? Ʉɚɤ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ?

Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ? Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ?

Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɤ ɲɤɨɥɟ? ɑɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɨɜɟɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚ? Ʉɚɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɦɶɹ?

ɑɥɟɧɚɦ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɹɯ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɢ ɫ ɦɚɥɵɲɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɭɫɭɝɭɛɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɢɡɜɧɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ.

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ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɪɨɧɚɠ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɨɞɚ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-ɤɭɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɭɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɟɞɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɫ ɧɭɠɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɹɹ, ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɫɟɦɶɢ. Ʉɭɪɚɬɨɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɬɶ ɫɟɦɶɸ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.

ɉɨɪɨɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɵɲɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɫɟɛɹ: ɨɧɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɦɨɝɭɬ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɨɬɞɨɯɧɭɬɶ, ɢɥɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɞɟɥɚɦɢ.

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦ. Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ — ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɲɤɨɥɵɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ.

ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ, ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ — ɷɬɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ɉɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɟ, ɨɛɦɟɧ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɟɬɹɦ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ.

ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɭ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ. ɗɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ, ɫɤɚɠɟɦ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɯ, ɧɨ ɨɛ ɭɫɩɟɯɚɯ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɫɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɯ ɞɟɬɹɯ, ɷɬɨ ɩɨɪɨɣ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟ ɤ ɩɨɪɨɤɚɦ, ɚ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɦ ɢɯ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɬɚɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ. ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ — ɡɚɥɨɝ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ.

Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɩɹɬɶ ɬɚɤɬɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɫ

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ — ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɫɟɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɟɦɶɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɷɬɢ ɬɚɤɬɢɤɢ.

1. ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɟɣ.

Ⱥ) ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ (ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ) ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬ ɜɢɡɢɬ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɢɡɢɬɚ:

ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɦɚ, ɩɨɞɴɟɡɞɚ, ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɵ;

ɫɬɚɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɶɸ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɨɬɰɨɦ, ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɢ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦɢ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɫɟɦɶɢ;

ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɯ ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ; ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ (ɟɫɥɢ ɬɨɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ

ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ); ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ;

ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ;

ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ; ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɢɞɟɨɩɥɟɧɤɭ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ, ɡɚɬɟɦ

ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ; ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜɢɞɟɨɮɢɥɶɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɢ

ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɜɢɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ.

Ȼ) Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚɧɨɫɹɬ ɜɢɡɢɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɭ (ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ) ɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ).

2. Ɉɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɺɣ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:

ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɟ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ);

ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɚɩɢɫɟɣ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɦ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɟ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ;

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɬɱɟɬɚɯ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɚɡ ɜ ɩɨɥɝɨɞɚ) ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ;

ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ;

ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭ; ɜɵɞɚɱɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɤɧɢɝ (ɢɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟɨɬɟɤɟ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ) ɩɨ

ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ; ɜɵɞɚɱɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɚ ɞɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɝɪ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɣ;

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤɨɜ, ɤɚɪɬ ɢɥɢ ɫɯɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ;

ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɦɭ ɢɝɪ ɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ; ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɧɢ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ

ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ; ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ

ɩɚɩɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɯ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ; ɜɵɞɚɱɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɚ ɞɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɜɵɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɜ

ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɩɟɫɟɧ, ɫɬɢɯɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɱɧɹ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ; ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɥɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ

ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ.

3. ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:

ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɨɛɦɟɧ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɨɬɱɟɬ ɨ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɯɚɯ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ;

ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ; ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ: ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɛɟɫɟɞɵ, ɪɨɥɟɜɵɟ

ɢɝɪɵ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɦɭ; ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ

ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ; ɩɨɤɚɡ ɫɥɚɣɞɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɜɢɞɟɨɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ

ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ; ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ;

ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɱɟɪ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ; ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ (ɨɬɞɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ) ɫ

ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ; ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ

ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɨɜ, ɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɟɣ; ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ (ɜ

ɡɨɨɩɚɪɤ, ɧɚ ɢɩɩɨɞɪɨɦ, ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.); - ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦ ɢ

ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹɯ.

4. Ɉɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:

ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ, ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ;

ɪɚɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɤɥɟɬɚ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ, ɧɚ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ;

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɤɧɢɝ ɢɥɢ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɍɝɨɥɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ;

ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ;

ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɛɭɤɥɟɬɚ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɯɨɞɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ, ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ;

ɜɵɞɚɱɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɤɧɢɝ ɧɚ ɞɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɧɭɠɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ;

ɪɚɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɛ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɯ;

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɨɠɢɞɚɸɬ ɞɟɬɟɣ;

ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɟɬ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜɵɪɟɡɨɤ ɢɡ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɝɚɡɟɬ;

ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ.

5. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɟɦɶɹɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ:

ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ; ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɞɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ;

ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɨɬɰɨɜ ɤ ɩɨɱɢɧɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɥɚɞɤɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹɯ ɢɥɢ

ɫɨɜɟɬɚɯ ɲɤɨɥ ɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ; ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɛɵɥɢ

ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ;

ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɥɭɛɵ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ.

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɦɭ:

•ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ (ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ — ɪɚɡ ɜ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ, ɜ ɞɜɟ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ);

•ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɚ ɧɟ ɢɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ;

•ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɩɨɫɨɛɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ;

•ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ;

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