комплексная реабилитация

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɂɧɜɚɥɢɞɵ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ 2007 ɝɨɞ ɞɨɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ — 3,4% ɢ 11,8% — ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 19,8% ɫɪɟɞɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɢ 16,9% ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 62,3% ɫɪɟɞɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɶɦɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ 69,7% ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɷɬɚ ɧɨɡɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ.

ɉɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɦ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ɨɬ 18 ɥɟɬ ɞɨ 44 ɥɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ — 45,5%, ɨɬ 45 ɞɨ 54 ɥɟɬ (ɠ), ɨɬ 45 ɞɨ 59 ɥɟɬ (ɦ) ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ — 22,0%, ɫɬɚɪɲɟ 55 ɥɟɬ (ɠ) ɢ 60 ɥɟɬ (ɦ) — 32,6%.

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ 2007 ɝɨɞ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ: ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɨɡɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 0-3 ɝɨɞɚ ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɨɜ — 212, ɞɟɜɨɱɟɤ — 127, ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 4-7 ɥɟɬ ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɨɜ — 1140, ɞɟɜɨɱɟɤ — 568, ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 8-14 ɥɟɬ ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɨɜ — 3210, ɞɟɜɨɱɟɤ — 1774, ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 15 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɨɜ — 1082, ɞɟɜɨɱɟɤ — 572. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɠɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɶɦɢɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ: ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 0-3 ɝɨɞɚ — ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ 286 ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɨɜ ɢ 262 ɞɟɜɨɱɤɢ, ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 4-7 ɥɟɬ – 3922 ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɚ ɢ 2432 ɞɟɜɨɱɤɢ, ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 8-14 ɥɟɬ — 18868 ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɨɜ ɢ 10279 ɞɟɜɨɱɟɤ, ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 15 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ — 10282 ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɚ ɢ 5659 ɞɟɜɨɱɟɤ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 8 ɞɨ 14 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ Ɇɋɗ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɢɩ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ [28]. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ

89

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɞɨ 20-25 ɥɟɬ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬɫɹ, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ 40-45 ɥɟɬ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶɫɹ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦ (ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ) ɬɢɩɟ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ:

ɋɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ, ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ — ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ. ɉɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ

ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ɉɪɢ ɬɹɠɺɥɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ.

ɋɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ

— ɛɟɡ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ɉɪɢ ɬɹɠɺɥɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɧɨ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ.

Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ — ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ. ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ɉɪɢ ɬɹɠɺɥɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ (ɞɟɡɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ) — ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɧɚɞɡɨɪ.

Ɉɛɳɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ, ɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɚ ɢ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɵ

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɬɟɦɩ ɢ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ɉɪɢ ɬɹɠɺɥɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ȼ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɹɠɺɥɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ — ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ.

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɛɟɡ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ. ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɩɚɬɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɦ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɢ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ɉɪɢ ɬɹɠɺɥɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ

ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ, ɧɭɠɞɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ (ɧɚɞɡɨɪɟ) ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ.

Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ, ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ (ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ, ɛɵɬɨɜɵɦɢ) ɧɟ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢɧɤɥɸɡɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ. ɉɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɤɥɸɡɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ, ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɨɜ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ (ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ) ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ 8 ɜɢɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɬɹɠɺɥɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ (ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ) ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ (8 ɜɢɞɚ) ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ. Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ «ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ» ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ.

91

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ. ɉɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ (ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ). ɉɪɢ ɬɹɠɺɥɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ «ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ» ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ.

ɉɪɢ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɸɧɨɲɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ (ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ) ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɭ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ. ɇɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɫ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɜɨɞɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɚɡɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɨ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɠɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɨ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɩɫɢɯɨɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɬɶɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɉɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ — ɩɪɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɫɢɯɨɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɜɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ [2]. ɉɪɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ (ɧɚɞɡɨɪɟ) ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ

92

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ,

ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ, ɫɪɟɞɭ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɠɢɜɭɬ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɫɜɨɺ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ,

ɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɚ, ɭ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ (ɤɪɨɦɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ). Ⱦɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ, ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɞɺɬ ɪɟɱɶ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɢ ɨɛ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɯɚ, ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɜ ɯɭɞɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɠɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ, ɬɨ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ «ɞɭɪɚɱɤɚɦɢ», «ɞɟɛɢɥɚɦɢ», «ɢɞɢɨɬɚɦɢ»,

ɢɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ, ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ, ɢɡɞɺɜɤɨɣ.

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɦ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɸɸ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɲɤɨɥɭ) ɢ ɦɟɡɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɨɛɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ).

ɉɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 90%). ȼ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ (ɞɨɦɚ ɦɚɥɸɬɤɢ) ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1% ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɦɚ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɵ-ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɵ) – 3,5%, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ (ɞɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɦɚ-ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɵ) – 4,4%. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɞɟɬɢ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɬɹɠɺɥɵɦɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ. ȼɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɧɟɜɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɦɚɯɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.

Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɩɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ. ɗɬɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɧɚɜɟɲɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɹɪɥɵɤ «ɧɟɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ» ɢ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɦɚ-ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ,

93

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɢɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ, ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ, ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɧɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ. Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɷɬɚ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ, ɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɞɟɬɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɛɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɚ. Ⱥ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɦɶɹ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɵ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɞɪɭɡɶɹ, ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɟ. ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɡɟɣ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɭɦɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ.

ȼɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ, ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɞɟɡɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɟɺ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɣ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɢɩɫɢɯɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ, ɧɨ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ [30].

Ɋɨɥɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.

ȼɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ, ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɞɥɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ.

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɭ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɯɨɞ ɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ. ɋɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɛɥɢɠɧɢɦɢ

94

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ, ɚ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɪɜɚɧɚ – ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ, ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ, ɫɬɵɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɟɦɶɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɛɟɫɟɞɚɦ, ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚɦ ɤɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ, ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɤɧɢɝ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȼɫɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦ ɫ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ.

ɇɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɦɟɡɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɨɛɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ) ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɸ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɤ ɫɟɦɶɟ, ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɥɭɱɲɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ. Ɉɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ «Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ» ɜ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɫɚɞɚɯ, ɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ 8 ɜɢɞɚ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɟɞɢɤɨ- ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ (ɉɆɉɄ), ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɩɨɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ ɬɹɠɺɥɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɜɟɞɺɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɢɡɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɩɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ. ɂɞɺɬ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ, ɟɝɨ ɫɟɦɶɺɣ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ.

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɞɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɸ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɤɚɤ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ

95

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɟɡɨɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɢɪɭɟɬ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ.

Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ.

ɉɪɢ ɥɺɝɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɮɪɭɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɛɨɹɡɧɢ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɵ, ɦɚɥɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɬɜɨɪɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɝɢɩɟɪɨɩɟɤɨɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɛɟɡɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɬɢɥɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ.

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ. Ɂɚɬɹɧɭɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɨɩɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɺ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɨɛɢɪɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɗɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɵ.

ɉɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ: ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɧɵ (ɟɞɚ, ɦɵɬɶɺ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦ).

ɉɪɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɧɟɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɬɱɺɬɥɢɜɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɸɛɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ.

ɉɪɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɥɚɛɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɚ. Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ “ə” ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ. Ɋɟɱɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɱɥɟɧɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ.

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ, ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɵɬɨɫɬɢ, ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɠɨɪɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɨɧɚɧɢɡɦ, ɫɨɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ, ɠɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɴɟɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɮɟɤɬ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɬɢɩ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɫɢɯɨɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɥɚɛɨɭɦɢɹ [17]. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɢɩ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ:

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

2.2. Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ

Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɭ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɺ ɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ:

1.Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɂɉɊ;

2.Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɂɉɊ (ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ);

3.Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɟpɜɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ

98