Лабораторная работа №2
.pdf


. 12 

















. 














,
5 


,









.


. 



13





























, 










-










-






. 












































. 










































=
11. 





































:
= M/W 
=
/E.
f |
4 |
f |
l0 |
|
l02 |
||||
|
|
|

















.
. 13. |
|
|
. 14. |
|
( |
. 14), |
|
|
. |
, |
|
|
, |
|
|
. |
|
|
, |
|
, |
|
|
. |
( |
. 13). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
, |
|
5 |
10% |
, |
|
. |
|
, |
, |



,














, 
























, 




















. 





















,










































.
11
1. 




































.






























R0 





.
(










)





















. 

















R1 |
R=R1 R0 |

. 1.


,
R / R
S 






1. 































.
) |
) |






1


















































, 





































S
= Si/n, 
n 


















.
2.

.
12




:
S
S
.
.
Syc







(



















); 
.
. 







































,







;

,
. |
, |
, |



=

1 10-5, 
















































; 1 10-5









.



,
















, 


























.





-





















. 






































1 10-5









.



.






,









.














(
). 













































, |
( ), |
( |
). |
|
|
|
|
( |
), |






, 










,
=
M/W 



































=
M/WE. 












































.

























, 












































K
=
/
c
K
= 
/
c
, |
. |
|
, |
1 10-5 



























,




.















































.







. 
















































.
13











. 




























24, 







31 
































24 (
. 5
15).




,





















, 















24
31
(
. 16). 



















,









25.
|
|
, |
, |
|
|
|
|
25. |
|
|
. |
|
|
. |
|
|
, |
( |
|
), |
|
|
. |
|
|
: c = c1' c2', |
: |
= 1" |
2". |



, 










.

. 15. 















.

. 16. 





























.















, 





, |
. |





, 






















, 












.
14



























: k 
,






, 






; 



, 






.




























. 




































, 















, 


















100 

, 












|
. |
, |
. |
, |
. |
|
. |
|
, |
|
. |



. 



















,





.








, 








, 







































.











. 















I (
. 1) 








33; 































(
. 17).








I 











= 0,000005
.









, 















, 

:
1 2 |
|
c |
|
m |
|
m . |
|
|
|
||
l |
l |
||














; 























































; l 





















.



























:
0,000005 |
l |
|||
k |
|
|
|
|
|
m c |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|

. 17. 


























, 


4, 

: m = 0.0025 
l = 100
; 


= 0,000025
,
, 





, k = 0,2
/
.
15





,







































I.

















11 









I, 



















, 




















.













.











. 






















24

















34 








(
. 18).




,

























34
31. 































, 



















-









34, 

















b 









31, 



























34.

. 18. 

34 


















, 












,








-






.





,



,





.
. 








, 













, 
|
, |
, |
, |
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
. |
|
, |
|
, |
1 |
. |
|
. |




.








.

.
1. 






































|
. |
|
|
12, |
|
11 |
. |
. |
|
|
|
|
, |
, |
( |
), |
- |
|
|
m0 n0, |
|
. |
|
|
16 |
|
|







































.





,










































1
n1. 

















: 





m =
m1 
m0, a











n =
n1 
n0.








.
5










. 



















-














, 













. 

, 
























(




), 























, 


















. 



















m 
n.












(
n) 









(
cm) 



, 

















, 








:
K 
n
m
































,
.
. 








, 













, 





cn/
cm











(



). 











































, 
















, 






,



. 































, 








, 







































(




) 





.
2. 




















.
(















)










, 





12 



:
=



, 












, 







; 



























.
|
|
|
10 |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
. |
5 |
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
10 |
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
. |
|
3. |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
: |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
, |
, |
, |
4 |
- |
|
|
. |
|
|
, |
|
4 |
|
|
|
m1. |
. |

















.









1
3 






























.
17
|
. |
. |
, |
, |
. |
|
. |

. 19. 


























-5
|
|
12 |
z- |
( . 19). |
|
|
. |
, |


















, 

















. 




11, 
z-





































.

























(
. 19) 








8. 
























, 











(












) 










(






) 














8. 

































.
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
, |
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
-5) |
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
( |
) |
|
|
-5 |
|
|
. |
( |
) |
|
( |
) |
|
|
, |
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: |
|
1. |
|
|
|
|
; |
2. |
|
|
|
|
|

























(









, 

18
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,001 |
, |
|
0,0001 |
); |
|
|
|
|
|
3. |
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
( . |
. 2). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: |
|
|
K |
|
|
CM |
, |
(1) |
|
|
10 |
CT |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
|
-2) |
|
-5 |
|
: |
|
|
|
|
1. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
; |
2. |
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
; |
3. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|

.












(1).
(















)
















:
1. 










0,1 













































































;
2. 

















































(W) 



















(
) 














































(F);
3. |
|
|
( |
) |
: |
10M
|
|
|
|
|
|
; |
|
|
. |
(2) |
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E = 210000 |
|
; |
= 71000 |
; |
|
|||||
4. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
|
|
|
|
|
), |
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; |
|
|
5. |
|
|
|
(F) |
|
|
|
5-15 |
|
|
; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. |
|
|
|
|
5-15 |
|
|
. |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
( |
|
. |
. 3). |
|
|
|
||
|
|
: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
b |
; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
; |
0 |
|
( |
0 = 0,001 |
). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
|
|
) |
|
( |
|
||









) 





























































:
1. 


















































, 


, 





.
. 







7-10 





, 






6-8 


























19
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
|
) |
1-2 |
|
|
|
|
( |
|
|
|
); |
|
||
2. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; |
3. |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(F) |
, |
|
5-15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
5-15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5-15 |
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; |
|
|
|
, |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
. |
. 4). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
= 1 10-5). |
|
|
||||
|
|
(5) |
(6): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
(5) |
2 |
|
|
(6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
(4) |
(6) |
|
: 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
0 = 2,0); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; |
|
, |
|
(2). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |






3
20
