АВТ_ТПиП (лекции)
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1.ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ;
2.ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɥɭɯɭɸ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɧɤɭ:
ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟ- ɥɟɣ (ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢ, ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɢ);
ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ (ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɢ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ). ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɵɯ ɩɟɱɚɯ ɬɨɩɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɝɚɡɚɦɢ.
5.1.Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɦɟɲɟ- |
F1 |
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ɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɦ- |
F2 |
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ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ɍɫɦ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ. Ⱦɥɹ |
T1 |
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ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜ |
T2 |
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ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɷɧɟɪ- |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.1. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨ- |
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ɝɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫ |
ɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ. |
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ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɦɢ. |
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ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ ɫ ɦɟɲɚɥɤɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɴ- ɟɤɬ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɪɚɜ- ɧɨɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɨ ɢɫɬɟ-
ɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɟ (ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ) ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ, ɜɹɡ- ɤɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɲɚɥɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ. |
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ȿɫɥɢ T2 ! Tɫɦ ! T1 , ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ, ɬɨ |
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(T2 T1 ) , (ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɚɟɦ) |
Tɫɦ T1 F1 2F2 |
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Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɦɟ- ɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦɢ G1 ɢ G2, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɢ ș1 ɢ ș2, ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɺɦɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ cp1 ɢ cp2 (ɪɢɫ.
5.2).
ɉɭɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ș0 ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭ-
ɪɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ G1 ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ |
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ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ G2 ɢ ș2, ɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ș1 ɢ ɭɞɟɥɶ- |
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ɧɵɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɵ T10 |
, cp1 ɢ cp2 . ɇɚɣɞɟɦ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ- |
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ɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ G1 |
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ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ G2 ɢ 2 |
(ɪɢɫ. |
5.3). Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɢɲɟɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ:
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G1T10cp1 G2T2cp2 |
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(G1 G2 )Tcp , |
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ɝɞɟ cp |
(G1cp1 G2cp2 )/(G1 G2 ) . |
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Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ |
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G1T10cp1 |
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G2T2cp2 . |
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(5.1) |
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G1cp1 |
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G2cp2 |
G1cp1 |
G2cp2 |
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G1 ,T1 ,cp1 |
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G2 ,T2 ,cp |
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Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ (5.1), ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ |
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ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ |
ɫɦɟ- |
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ɲɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɢ- |
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T |
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ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ- |
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ɧɵɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ, ș1 – ș ɢ ș2 – ș . |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.2. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ |
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ɉɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ |
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ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ. |
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ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ |
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G2 |
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ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɥɢɧɟɚɪɢɡɚ- |
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ɰɢɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ (5.1) ɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɪɢ- |
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G1 |
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ɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ |
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ |
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ |
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ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ. |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.3. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɫɦɟ- |
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ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ |
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ |
ɲɟɧɢɹ. |
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ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ G10 , |
G20 , T20 |
ɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ (5.1) ɜ ɪɹɞ Ɍɟɣɥɨɪɚ ɜ |
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ɦɚɥɨɣ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ G10 , G20 , T20 : |
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T T0 |
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wT 0 (G1 G10 ) |
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0 (G2 G20 ) |
wT 0 (T2 T20 ), |
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wG1 |
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wG2 |
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wT2 |
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ɝɞɟ |
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wT 0 |
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G20cp1cp2 (T10 T20 ) |
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wG1 |
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G20cp2 )2 ; |
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wT |
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G10cp1cp2 (T20 T10 ) |
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wG2 |
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G20cp2 )2 |
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(5.2) |
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wT 0 |
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wT2 |
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G10cp1 G20cp2 |
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G2 G20 , |
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T20 , ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɭɪɚɜ- |
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ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɹ ɤ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦ y |
T T0 , |
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G1 G10 , |
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ɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ: |
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kɪ xɪ |
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k1xɜ1 k2 xɜ2 , |
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(5.3) |
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wG1 |
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wG2 |
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ɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ (5.3) ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹɯ, ɧɚɛɥɸ- |
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ɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɥɢɧɟɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ. ɇɚ- |
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ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ G2 ɧɚ 30 % ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ
kɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ 5-20%, ɚ k1 |
– ɧɚ 25-40% ɨɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ |
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ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ G1 ɢ G2. ɋɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ G1 /G2 |
J0 |
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ |
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ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ |
T10cɪ1 |
T20cɪ2 |
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T20cɪ2 |
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ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ, ɤɪɨɦɟ G2, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɪɨɦɟ G2, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ J0 , ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɊ,
ɪɢɫ. 5.7).
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɦ ɢɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢ- ɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢ- ɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ G1 (ɪɢɫ. 5.4). ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɉɂ- ɢɥɢ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ) ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ- ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟ- ɧɢɹɯ.
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.4. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ( ) ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ (ɛ) ɫɯɟɦɵ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɋɊ ɬɟɦɩɟ- ɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2 ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ G1 ɢ G2 (ɪɢɫ. 5.5). ɗɬɨ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟ- ɦɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɤ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ G2 , ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɞɪɭɝɨ- ɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3 (ɪɢɫ. 5,6) ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ 2 .Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɚɧ-
ɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬ ɞɜɭɯ
35
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ G2 ɢ 2 . Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟ- ɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ) ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ 4 ɢ 5 ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɋɊ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ- ɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɤɨ- ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɟ.
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.5. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ( ) ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ (ɛ) ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɋɊ ɬɟɦ- ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 4 – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ G1 ɢ G2 ɫ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɤɨ- ɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ (ɪɢɫ. 5,7), ɬ.ɟ. ɞɜɭɯɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɚɹ ɋɊ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ (ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ) ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 1, ɚ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ (ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ)
– ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ 2, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ G2 .
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.6. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ( ) ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ (ɛ) ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɋɊ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɬɟɩ- ɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ:
1 – ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ; 2 – ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 5 – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɜɨɡɦɭ- ɳɟɧɢɹɦ G2 ɢ 2 , ɬ.ɟ. ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɋɊ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ 2 (ɪɢɫ. 5,8) ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ
36
ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɭ 1 ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ |
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ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ. |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.7. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ( |
) ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ (ɛ) ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɨɣ |
ɋɊ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨ- |
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ɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ: |
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1 – ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ; 2 – ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ.
ɂɡ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɚɬ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱ- ɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɭ- ɥɹɬɨɪɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɐȼɆ ɢɥɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ.
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.8. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ( |
) ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ (ɛ) ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ |
ɋɊ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ |
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ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ: |
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1 – ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ; 2 – ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ. |
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37
5.2.Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧ- |
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ɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɦɩɟ- |
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ɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɬɟɩɥɨ- |
Tx2 |
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ɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Tx2. |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.9. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɨ- |
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Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ Tx2 ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ |
ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɬɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɟɩ- |
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ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ q ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɬɟɧɤɭ; ɜ ɫɜɨɸ |
ɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ. |
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ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɷɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ |
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ɧɚɩɨɪɨɦ ǻTɫɪ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ǻTɫɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ |
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'Tɫɪ |
(Tr1 Tx2 ) (Tr2 Tx1 ) |
(5.4) |
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Tx2 |
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Tr2 |
Tx1 |
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ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ǻTɫɪ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ |
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ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɢ, |
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ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Tx2. |
ɋ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ Tx2 |
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ɞɜɢɠɭɳɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ. ɗɬɨ |
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ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, |
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ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛ- |
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ɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ. |
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4, ɬɨ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɭɸ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.10. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟ- |
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ȿɫɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ |
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ɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ. |
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ɫɢɥɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ:
'Tɫɪ |
(Tr1 Tx2 ) (Tr2 |
Tx1 ) |
(5.5) |
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ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 10 %. |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ q |
KA Tɫɪ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɬ ɜɢɞ |
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q KA |
(Tr1 Tx2 ) (Tr2 |
Tx1 ) |
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(5.6) |
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ɝɞɟ K – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ; A – ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ Tx2 ɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɦ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ q ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɬɟɧɤɭ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɦ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ-
ɦɢ: |
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Tr2 ); |
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cɝ Fɦɝ (Tr1 |
(5.7) |
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cɯ Fɦɯ (Tx1 |
Tx2 ) , |
(5.8) |
ɝɞɟ cɝ ɢ cɯ – ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ, Fɦɝ ɢ Fɦɯ – ɢɯ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ.
38
ɂɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɣɞɺɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Tx2 ɢ Tɝ2 ɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɢɯ ɜ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (5.6)
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cɯ Fɦɯ |
cɝ Fɦɝ |
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ɂɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ |
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(5.9) |
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Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɢɜ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ (5.8) ɧɚ (5.9), ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɤɨɦɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟ- |
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ɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ |
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Tx2 Tx1 |
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Tr1 Tx1 |
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ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.11, ɝɞɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ |
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ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ Tx2. |
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1,0 |
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cɯ Fɦɯ |
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cɝ Fɦɝ |
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cɝ Fɦɝ |
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cɯ Fɦɯ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.11. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ Tx2 ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɨ- ɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ (ɯ) ɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ (ɝ) ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɂɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ Tx2 ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ Fɦɝ ɢ Fɦɯ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨ- ɬɨɤ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬ- ɜɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Tx2 ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 41, , ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ Fɦɝ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɡ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ (ɪɢɫ. 5.11), ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ Tx2 ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɤ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ, ɱɟɦ ɤ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɡɚ-
ɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɵ ɫ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɨ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɛɚɣɩɚɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɛɚɣɩɚɫ-
39
ɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭ- ɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɛɚɣɩɚɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɛȩɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɝɪɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ (ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ) ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɝɭ-
ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨ- |
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ɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ |
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ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹ- |
Fɦɯ ,Tɯ |
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ɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ q ɦɨɠɧɨ |
ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɏɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ |
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ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɭ |
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q |
rFɦ , |
(5.11) |
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Ƚɨɪɹɱɢɣ |
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ɝɞɟ r – ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ; Fɦ – ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ |
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Fɦɝ ,Tr1 |
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ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɫɪɟɞɵ. |
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ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɪɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ |
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Tɯ |
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ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɩɚɪ, ɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ |
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r1 |
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ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɟɝɭ- |
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ɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɩɚɪɚ. |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.12. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ |
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ɉɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ |
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
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ɩɚɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɟɝɭ- |
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɝɨɪɹɱɟ- |
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ɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ. |
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ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚ ɫ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ. |
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ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ |
ɬɚɤɠɟ |
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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Tɝ 2 |
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ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢ- |
Fɦɯ ,Tɯ |
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ɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ |
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ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ |
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ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ, |
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TRC |
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ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧ- |
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ɫɚɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɦɟɳɟ- |
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Fɦɝ ,Tɝ1 |
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ɧɢɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ |
Fɯ |
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ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɟ- |
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Tɯ |
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ɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛ- |
Fɝ |
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ɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ, ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ |
Tɝ |
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ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ |
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ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ, ɱɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.13. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ |
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ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɚ, ɟɺ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭ- |
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ɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɟɡɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɭ- |
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɛɚɣɩɚɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ |
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ɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ. ɇɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɨɧɚ |
ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ). |
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ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ- 40
ɬɭɪɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ, ɚ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɭɸ, ɱɟɦ ɬɟɦ- ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ 5-7 %. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɪɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ.
Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ TRC
TRC
PRC
ɉɚɪ |
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ɉɚɪ |
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Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ |
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Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ |
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ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ |
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ɛ |
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.14. – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɝɪɟɸɳɟɝɨ |
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ɩɨɪɚ; ɛ – ɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ. |
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ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ |
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ- |
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TRC |
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ɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨ- |
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ɜɚɧ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤ- |
ɉɚɪ |
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ɬɚ. ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ |
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ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɩɚɪɚ, ɹɜ- |
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ɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ |
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ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ |
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ, |
ɧɟ |
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Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ |
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ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ. |
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ȼ |
ɷɬɨɦ |
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ |
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ |
ɲɢɪɨɤɨ |
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ |
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ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ |
ɫɯɟɦɵ, |
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ |
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ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɨɜ |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.15. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɟɩɥɨ- |
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ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ |
ɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɤɨɧ- |
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ɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɯɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ, ɬɚɤ |
ɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ. |
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ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɵ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɭɬɺɦ |
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ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ (ɪɢɫ. 5.16, ) ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨ- |
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ɪɚ. ɉɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɯɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ |
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ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ (ɪɢɫ. 5.16, ɛ) ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɛɥɚ- |
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ɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ |
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ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧ- |
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ɫɚɬɚ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ.
ɉɚɪ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ) |
PRC |
ɉɚɪ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ) |
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PRC |
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ɏɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬ |
LRC |
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ɏɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬ |
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LRC |
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Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ |
Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ |
ɛ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.16. ɋɯɟɦɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɯɥɚɞɚ- ɝɟɧɬɚ ( ) ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ (ɛ).
5.3.Ⱥɜɬɨɦ ɬɢɡ ɰɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɱ ɬɵɯ ɩɟɱɟɣ.
ɉɪɨɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɦɟɟɜɢɤ ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɨɣ ɩɟɱɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɵɯ ɩɟɱɟɣ ɩɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨ- ɞɭɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɩɟɱɢ.
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ |
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Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ |
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Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ |
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Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ |
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ |
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ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ Qɜɵɯ |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ |
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ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ |
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ɫɪɟɞɭ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.17. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɵɯ ɩɟɱɟɣ.
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ȼɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: |
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ. |
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Ɍɟɩɥɨɬɜɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. |
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ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ. |
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ɗɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɋɊ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɧɚ |
ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɩɟɱɢ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɩɟɱɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɵɟ ɩɟɱɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɡɚ-
ɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɨɬ ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɬɟɧɤɭ ɡɦɟɟɜɢɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ ɩɨ ɡɦɟɟɜɢɤɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ "ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭ-
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