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362С.Хантингтон. Третья волна

45.Цит. по: New York Times. 1989. July 22. P. 3.

46.On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal // Econoi:' mist. 1984. June 30. P. 7.

47.New York Times. 1983. October 28. P. A5; 1984. Janu­ ary 24. P. A2; Times (London). 1990. March 20. P. 13.

48.Danopoulos C.P. From Balconies to Tanks. P. 93; Zagorski P.W. Civil-Military Relations... P. 424.

49.Danopoulos C.P. From Balconies to Tanks. P. 89; Couloumbis T.A., Yannis P.M. The Stability Quotient of Greece's Post-1974 Democratic Institutions // Journal of Modern Greek Studies. October 1983. Vol. 1. P. 366; New York Times. 1989. January 15. P. 6; Economist. 1989. January 21. P. 40.

50.Danopoulos C.P. From Balconies to Tanks. P. 89, 93; New York Times. 1982. March 31. P. A4.

51.New York Times. 1990. December 6. P. A14.

52.Washington Post. 1984. May 5. P. A17; Washington Post National Weekly. 1987. November 9. P. 17; de Onis J. Brazil on the Tightrope Toward Democracy // Foreign Affairs. Fall 1989. Vol. 63. P. 128; New York Times. 1989. June 5. P. A9; Todorov Tz. Post-Totalitarian Depression // New Republic. 1990. June 25. P. 23-25; New York Times. 1990. November 9. P. Al, A10.

53.McDonough P., Barnes S.H., Lopez Pina A. The Growth of Democratic Legitimacy in Spain // American Political Science Review. September 1986. Vol. 80. P. 743; New York Times. 1989. May 7. P. E2; Bruneau T.C. Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey // In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences / Ed. by L.S.Graham, D.L.Wheeler. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983. P. 35—36; McClintock С Prospects for Democratic Consolidation... P. 142.

54.Diamond L., Linz J.J., Lipset S.M. Democracy in Devel­ oping Countries: Facilitating and Obstructing Factors // Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties 1987 - 1988 / Ed. by R.D.Gastil. New York: Freedom House, 1988. P. 231.

55.Linz J., Stepan A. Political Crafting.... P. 46, 58-59; Zimmerman E. Economic and Political Reactions to World Eco­ nomic Crises of the 1930s in Six European Countries: Paper pre­ sented to convention, Midwest Political Science Association, Chi­ cago, April 10-12, 1986. P. 51 (цит. по: Linz J., Stepan A. Po­ litical Crafting... P. 46); Dix R.A. Book Review // American Po­ litical Science Review. September 1989. Vol. 83. P. 1055.

56.Linz J., Stepan A. Political Crafting... P. 49; McClin­ tock С Prospects for Democractic Consolidation... P. 127.

57.Baloyra E.A. Public Opinion and Support for Democratic Regimes, Venezuela 1973—1983: Paper prepared for Annual

Meeting, American Political Science Association, New Orleans, La., August 29 - September 1, 1985. P. 10-11.

58. Haluani M. Waiting for the Revolution: The Relative Deprivation of the J-Curve Logic in the Case of Venezuela, 1968—1989: Paper prepared to Annual Meeting, American Politi­ cal Science Association, Atlanta, Georgia, August 31 — Septem­ ber 3, 1989. P. 9-10.

59.McDonough P., Barnes S.H., Lopez Pina A. The Growth of Democratic Legitimacy in Spain. P. 751.

60.Данные по экономике и состоянию общественного мнения Испании взяты из: Linz J., Stepan A. Political Craft­ ing... P. 43-45.

61.См.: O'Donnell G. Challenges to Democratization in Brazil // World Policy Journal. Spring 1988. Vol. 5. P. 281-300.

62.McDonough P., Barnes S.H., Lopez Pina A. The Growth of Democratic Legitimacy in Spain. P. 752—753; McClintock С Prospects for Democratic Consolidation... P. 140.

63.Эти и другие данные об изменениях в политической культуре Западной Германии см.: Baker K.L., Dalton R.J., Hildebrandt К. Germany Transformed: Political Culture and the New Politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981. Passim (esp. chap. 1, p. 273, 287); Conradt D.P. Changing German Po­ litical Culture // The Civic Culture Revisited / Ed. by G.A.A1mond, S.Verba. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980. P. 212-272; Idem. West Germany: A Remade Political Culture? // Comparative Po­ litical Studies. July 1974. Vol. 7. P. 222-238.

64.Baker K.L., Dalton R.J., Hildebrandt K. Germany Trans­ formed. P. 68—69, 285; Tsuneishi W.M. Japanese Political Style. New York: Harper, 1966. P. 17-21.

65.International Herald Tribune. 1990. May 10. P. 1; May 16. P. 1; May 21. P. 2; Times (London). 1990. May 11. P. 10.

66.См.: Linz J.J. The Perils of Presidentialism. P. 51—70. См. также последующие статьи на эту тему Д.Горовица, С.М.Липсета и Х.Линца: Journal of Democracy. Fall 1990. Vol. 1. P. 73-91.

Глава 6

1.Интересные сообщения см.: Economist. 1988. Septem­ ber 10. P. 43-44; December 24. P. 61-66; 1989. August 5. P. 75.

2.Economist. 1989. May 6. P. 34; November 11. P. 40—41; Times (London). 1990. April 12. P. 12; The Observer. 1990. May 29. P. 18.

3.Times (London). 1990. April 24. P. 11.

364С.Хантингтон. Третья волна

4.См. речь Дж.Бейкера «Демократия и американская дипломатия» в Совете по мировым делам (Даллас, Техас, 30 марта 1990 г.) и реплики Рейгана в Союзе англоговорящих стран (Лондон), цит. по: New York Times. 1989. June 14. P. A6.

5.Sesser S. A Rich Country Gone Wrong // New Yorker. 1989. October 9. P. 80-84.

6.New York Times. 1989. December 28. P. A13; Interna­ tional Herald Tribune. 1990. May 12-13. P. 6.

7.Times (London). 1990. May 27. P. A21; Time. 1990. May 21. P. 34-35; Daily Telegraph. 1990. March 29. P. 13; New York Times. 1990. February 27. P. A10; April 9. P. A6.

8.Kennan G.F. The Cloud of Danger. Boston: Little, Brown, 1977. P. 41-43.

9.См.: Wallace W. The Transformation of Western Europe.

London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, Pinter, 1990. P. 16—19; Howard M. The Remaking of Europe // Survival. March-April 1990. Vol. 32. P. 102-103.

10.Yu-sheng Lin. Reluctance to Modernize: The Influence of Confucianism on China's Search for Political Modernity // Con­ fucianism and Modernization: A Symposium / Ed. by J.P.Liang. Taipei: Wu Nan Publishing Co., 1987. P. 25. Несколько иную интерпретацию проблемы прав человека и власти закона в конфуцианской традиции см.: Young S.B., Nguyen Ngoc Huy. The Tradition of Human Rights in China and Vietnam. New Haven: Yale Center for International and Area Studies, Council on Southeast Asia Studies, 1990. Они утверждают, что в кон­ фуцианской традиции существовал дуализм власти и добро­ детели, но признают, что в новое время власть все больше концентрировалась.

11.См.: Kelliher D. The Political Consequences of China's Reforms // Comparative Politics. July 1986. Vol. 18. P. 488-490; Nathan A.J. Chinese Democracy. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985.

12.Economist. 1988. April 23. P. 37; November 5. P. 35; New York Times. 1982. May 20. P. A2; 1988. July 10. P. E2; Buruma I. Singapore // New York Times Magazine. 1988. June

12.P. 118.

13.Pye L.W., Pye M.W. Asian Power and Politics: The Cul­ tural Dimensions of Authority. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985. P. 232-236.

14.New York Times. 1987. December 15. P. A14; Hender­ son G. Korea: The Politics of the Vortex. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968. P. 365.

15.Economist. 1990. January 27. P. 31; New York Times. 1990. January 23. P. 1.

16.Цит. по: New York Times. 1985. August 14. P. A13.

17.Pye L.W. Asia 1986 — An Exceptional Year // Freedom at Issue. January—February 1987. Vol. 94. P. 15.

18.Gellner E. Up from Imperialism // The New Republic. 1989. May 22. P. 35-36; Humphreys R.S. Islam and Political Values in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Syria // Middle East Journal. Winter 1979. Vol. 33. P. 6-7.

19.New York Times. 1990. July 1. P. 5.

20.Краткую характеристику множества форм исламской политики см.: Ispahani M. The Varieties of Muslim Experi­ ence // Wilson Quarterly. Autumn 1989. Vol. 13. P. 63-72.

21.World Bank. World Development Report 1990. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. P. 8-11, 16, 160; Sub-Sa- haran Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Growth. Washington: World Bank, 1990.

22.Эти и следующие данные по ВНП на душу населения

итемпам роста ВНП и ВВП см.: World Bank. World Develop­ ment Report 1990. P. 178-181.