- •Unit 2. English short vowels.
- •Tape Unit 3. Long vowels. Diphthongs and triphthongs.
- •Diphthongs
- •Triphthongs
- •Tape Unit 5. Revision.
- •Tape Unit 6. Fricatives and affricates.
- •Tape Unit 7. Further consonants.
- •Tape Unit 8. Consonant clusters
- •Tape Unit 9. Weak syllables.
- •Tape Unit 10. Word Stress.
- •Tape Unit 11. Complex word stress.
- •Tape Unit 12. Weak forms.
- •Tape Unit 13. Revision.
- •Tape Unit 14. Elisions.
- •Tape Unit 15. Tones.
- •Tape Unit 16. The tone-unit
- •Tape Unit 17. Intonation.
- •Tape Unit 18. Intonation – extracts from conversation.
- •Tape Unit 19. Transcription of connected speech
- •Tape Unit 20. Further practice on connected speech
Exercise 5. Fortis / lenis discrimination.
When you hear the word, say ‘fortis’, if you hear it as ending with a fortis consonant, and ‘lenis’ if you hear it as ending with a lenis consonant. Yon will then hear the correct answer and the word will be said again for you to repeat.
FORTIS
LENIS
1.
right [rait]
ride [raid]
2.
bat [bæt]
bad [bæd]
3.
bet [bet]
bed [bed]
4.
leak [li:k]
league [li:g]
5.
feet [fi:t]
feed [fi:d]
6.
right [rait]
ride [raid]
7.
tack [tæk]
tag [tæg]
8.
rope [rəup]
robe [rəub]
9.
mate [meit]
made [meid]
10.
beat [bi:t]
bead [bi:d]
Tape Unit 6. Fricatives and affricates.
Exercise 1. Repetition of words containing fricatives.
[f]
fin [fin]
offer [ofə]
laugh [la:f]
[v]
vat [væt]
over [əuvə]
leave [li:v]
[θ]
thing [θiŋ]
method [meθəd]
breath [breθ]
[ð]
these [ði:z]
other [/\ðə]
breathe [bri:ð]
[s]
sad [sæd]
lesser [lesə]
moss [mos]
[z]
zoo [zu:]
lazy [leizi]
lose [lu:z]
[∫]
show [∫əu]
washing [wo∫iŋ]
rush [r/\∫]
[з]
measure [meзə]
rouge [ru:з]
[h]
hot [hot]
beehive ['bi:haiv]
Exercise 2. Identification.
Write the symbol for the fricative you hear in each word.
initial position: (1 ...5)
medial position (6... 10)
final position (11... 15)
Now check your answers.
Exercise 3. Production.
When you hear the number, pronounce the word, giving particular attention to the fricatives. You will then hear the correct pronunciation, which you should repeat.
[ði:z] these
[faiθ] faith
[heðə] heather
[si:∫o:] seashore
[feðəz] feathers
[fifθ] fifth
[∫ivəz] shivers
[biheiv] behave
[si:зə] seizure
[læ∫iz] lashes