8. Письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is legal psychology?

2. What were the legal psychology researchers mainly paying attention on?

Вариант IX

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них слова, име­ющие окончание -s, и определите по грамматическим признакам, какой ча­стью речи являются эти слова и какую функцию выполняет это окончание, т. е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Professor Ivanov's lectures are listened with great interest.

2. Psychology affects many aspects of our lives.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните их и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. There are far more men than women with antisocial personality disorder, possibly four or five times as many.

2. The most famous psychologists began to develop theories of human psychology from the biological perspective.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркни­те неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения. Переведите предложе­ния на русский язык.

1. In our laws there are some limitations on the application of punishment to juveniles.

2. No scientist who conducted the experiment made a report at the conference.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Пере­ведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Psychology has developed enormously since the nineteenth century.

2. After a long discussion an agreement was arrived at.

3. The psychologists are carrying out the experiment now.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуе­мого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Psychologists are interested in the internal processes producing the behaviour.

2. The data obtained in the experiment were of great interest.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на рус­ский язык.

1. Psychological research may lead to the discovery of powerful techniques.

2. Students should follow Ethical principles for conducting research with human participants.

3. Psychologists are able to anticipate how people will react in any given situation.

7. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письмен­но переведите 1,2 и 4 абзацы текста.

Parole

The major focus of the public debate on corrections at present is centered on parole. While this debate is raging in Canada, it seems now to be almost spent in the United States, where parole is experiencing a comeback in substance and function, if not also in name.

Parole, as a concept of early release from prison, commenced during the “punishment” era identified earlier. In that context, it was seen essentially as humanitarian in nature and was used predominantly as an exercise of executive clemency. It was intended to ameliorate the excessive hardships of imprisonment, especially to deserving inmates who would be unreasonably debilitated by prolonged incarceration.

During the “rehabilitative” period, parole came to be viewed more as a reward for good and industrious behavior and as a normal sequel to the treatment objectives having been accomplished in prison. Unfortunately, the rehabilitative approach was characterized by a strongly paternalistic attitude to treatment and release plans were often marked more by manipulation than commitment.

In the context of the “re-integration” model, parole attempts to reinforce the concept of personal responsibility and initiative. While the elements of clemency and reward are still present to a degree, the major focus is on the desire and commitment of the offender to become reintegrated into the community. By definition, parole is a mechanism whereby a portion of the sentence of imprisonment is served in the community under specified terms and conditions, including supervision. Supervision includes control and surveillance, but also advice, counsel and assistance. The assistance available to the inmate is heavily reliant on services, resources and programs in the community. Often these are specifically developed to meet the needs of offenders.

parole -досрочное, временное или условное освобождение заключенного из тюрьмы