Purpose:

To convert an FP value to 64-bit fixed point, rounding down

Description: fd ← convert_and_round(fs)

The value in FPR fs, in format fmt, is converted to a value in 64-bit long fixed point format and rounded toward - ∞ (rounding mode 3). The result is placed in FPR fd.

When the source value is Infinity, NaN, or rounds to an integer outside the range -2 63 to 263-1, the result cannot be represented correctly, an IEEE Invalid Operation condition exists, and the Invalid Operation flag is set in the FCSR. If the Invalid Operation Enable bit is set in the FCSR, no result is written to fd and an Invalid Operation exception is

taken immediately. Otherwise, the default result, 263–1, is written tofd.

Restrictions:

The fields fs and fd must specify valid FPRs— fs for type fmt and fd for long fixed point—if they are not valid, the result is UNPREDICTABLE.

The operand must be a value in format fmt; if it is not, the result is UNPREDICTABLE and the value of the operand FPR becomes UNPREDICTABLE.

The result of this instruction is UNPREDICTABLE if the processor is executing in 16 FP registers mode.

Operation:

StoreFPR(fd, L, ConvertFmt(ValueFPR(fs, fmt), fmt, L))

Copyright © 2001-2003 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

Exceptions:

Coprocessor Unusable, Reserved Instruction

Floating Point Exceptions:

Invalid Operation, Unimplemented Operation, Inexact, Overflow

Copyright © 2001-2003 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

Purpose:

To convert an FP value to 32-bit fixed point, rounding down

Description: fd ← convert_and_round(fs)

The value in FPR fs, in format fmt, is converted to a value in 32-bit word fixed point format and rounded toward –∞ (rounding mode 3). The result is placed in FPR fd.

When the source value is Infinity, NaN, or rounds to an integer outside the range -2 31 to 231-1, the result cannot be represented correctly, an IEEE Invalid Operation condition exists, and the Invalid Operation flag is set in the FCSR. If the Invalid Operation Enable bit is set in the FCSR, no result is written to fd and an Invalid Operation exception is

taken immediately. Otherwise, the default result, 231–1, is written tofd.

Restrictions:

The fields fs and fd must specify valid FPRs— fs for type fmt and fd for word fixed point—if they are not valid, the result is UNPREDICTABLE.

The operand must be a value in format fmt; if it is not, the result is UNPREDICTABLE and the value of the operand FPR becomes UNPREDICTABLE.

Operation:

StoreFPR(fd, W, ConvertFmt(ValueFPR(fs, fmt), fmt, W))

Exceptions:

Coprocessor Unusable, Reserved Instruction

Floating Point Exceptions:

Invalid Operation, Unimplemented Operation, Inexact, Overflow

Copyright © 2001-2003 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

Description: rt ← InsertField(rt, rs, msb, lsb)

The right-most size bits from GPR rs are merged into the value from GPR rt starting at bit position pos. The result isplaced back in GPR rt. The assembly language arguments pos and size are converted by the assembler to the instruction fields msb (the most significant bit of the field), in instruction bits 15..11, and lsb (least significant bit of the field), in instruction bits 10..6, as follows:

msb ← pos+size-1 lsb ← pos

The values of pos and size must satisfy all of the following relations:

0 ≤ pos < 32

0 < size ≤ 32

0 < pos+size ≤ 32

Figure 3-4 shows the symbolic operation of the instruction.

Figure 3-4 Operation of the INS Instruction

Copyright © 2001-2003 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

Restrictions:

In implementations prior to Release 2 of the architecture, this instruction resulted in a Reserved Instruction Exception.

The operation is UNPREDICTABLE if lsb > msb.

Operation:

if lsb > msb) then

UNPREDICTABLE endif

GPR[rt] ← GPR[rt]31..msb+1 || GPR[rs]msb-lsb..0 || GPR[rt]lsb-1..0

Exceptions:

Reserved Instruction

Copyright © 2001-2003 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

Purpose:

To branch within the current 256 MB-aligned region

Description:

This is a PC-region branch (not PC-relative); the effective target address is in the “current” 256 MB-aligned region. The low 28 bits of the target address is the instr_index field shifted left 2 bits. The remaining upper bits are the corresponding bits of the address of the instruction in the delay slot (not the branch itself).

Jump to the effective target address. Execute the instruction that follows the jump, in the branch delay slot, before executing the jump itself.

Restrictions:

Processor operation is UNPREDICTABLE if a branch, jump, ERET, DERET, or WAIT instruction is placed in the delay slot of a branch or jump.

Operation:

I:

I+1:PC ← PCGPRLEN-1..28 || instr_index || 02

Exceptions:

None

Programming Notes:

Forming the branch target address by catenating PC and index bits rather than adding a signed offset to the PC is an advantage if all program code addresses fit into a 256 MB region aligned on a 256 MB boundary. It allows a branch from anywhere in the region to anywhere in the region, an action not allowed by a signed relative offset.

This definition creates the following boundary case: When the jump instruction is in the last word of a 256 MB region, it can branch only to the following 256 MB region containing the branch delay slot.

Copyright © 2001-2003 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

Purpose:

To execute a procedure call within the current 256 MB-aligned region

Description:

Place the return address link in GPR 31. The return link is the address of the second instruction following the branch, at which location execution continues after a procedure call.

This is a PC-region branch (not PC-relative); the effective target address is in the “current” 256 MB-aligned region. The low 28 bits of the target address is the instr_index field shifted left 2 bits. The remaining upper bits are the corresponding bits of the address of the instruction in the delay slot (not the branch itself).

Jump to the effective target address. Execute the instruction that follows the jump, in the branch delay slot, before executing the jump itself.

Restrictions:

Processor operation is UNPREDICTABLE if a branch, jump, ERET, DERET, or WAIT instruction is placed in the delay slot of a branch or jump.

Operation:

I: GPR[31]← PC + 8

I+1:PC ← PCGPRLEN-1..28 || instr_index || 02

Exceptions:

None

Programming Notes:

Forming the branch target address by catenating PC and index bits rather than adding a signed offset to the PC is an advantage if all program code addresses fit into a 256 MB region aligned on a 256 MB boundary. It allows a branch from anywhere in the region to anywhere in the region, an action not allowed by a signed relative offset.

This definition creates the following boundary case: When the branch instruction is in the last word of a 256 MB region, it can branch only to the following 256 MB region containing the branch delay slot.

Copyright © 2001-2003 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.