SRS_2k_iff-1 / 2.an enginner
.docUNIT 1
AN ENGINEER AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
Nobody can deny our leading position in many fields of world science and technology. Any of world's experts will recognise our country's leading position in the field of metallurgy, metal-working, welding, etc.
Our country produces and exports to many countries metal-cutting lathes, forge presses, computers, rolling mills, helicopters, high-power excavators, sea-going vessels, locomotives, electric motors, steam and hydraulic turbines, electric generators, tractors, motor cars, radio equipment, measuring instruments and a lot of other products.
There is nothing surprising in it. Our country possesses not only rich natural resources but a great potential of scientists and engineers, engineer-designers and inventors. A highly-qualified engineer is a leading figure in the technological progress.
Our country constantly improves the system of higher education, provides high quality of specialised training and broad education. The higher technical educational establishments now train more and more specialists in such fields as electronics and radio-physics, automation, computing technology, instrument making, robotics, etc. A great increase is expected in the number of economists and specialists in the theory and practice of management and the scientific organisation of labour.
Engineers, graduates of polytechnic institutes are given a deep knowledge of such fundamental sciences as mathematics, physics, chemistry. They are well-trained in subjects of their speciality. Apart from general educational and fundamental sciences, students take advanced courses in economics, management science. They are well-trained in statistics, cybernetics, programming, electronic equipment, ecology problems, etc. Some new subjects are constantly introduced. With the ever wider use of computer technology in various areas of science and production, graduates of higher technical institutes are given a substantial training in such subjects as applied mathematics and cybernetics. In the electronic age with its advances in the field of computers, microelectronics and cybernetics, the engineer must be able to make use of computer technique and mathematical methods in decision-making, in drawing long-range and current plans, in programming, etc.
Any good engineer must have a scientific attitude, imagination, initiative and good judgement. He must constantly engage in self-education, always search for some new methods of improving the quality, reducing the cost of any production. Thus, any really good engineer is a thinking engineer with habits in organisation of production.
Engineers in our country are also active public figures of our society. That is why our higher technical establishments include in their curricula fundamentals of social sciences: culture history, philosophy, political economy, sociology, languages.
The higher school system is establishing a variety of courses giving engineers a chance to get additional specialisations. As a rule, such courses are attended by highly qualified engineers. Special training is now available to all those who wish to gain knowledge in laser technologies. After all, lasers are employed in thermal treatment, welding and metal cutting, in surgical operations and in dozens of other areas.
Students also undertake their practical training at the advanced enterprises. It is a great advantage that every student knows two to three years before he graduates where he will be employed. This makes it possible for him to take into account the specific qualities of his future employment and, consequently, to master his future job in advance.
The educational system is based on the unity of the study process, research and practical training. Apart from theoretical studies, students carry out lab tests, work at designing bureaus, take industrial training at enterprises.
Science turns into a direct productive force. Application of science in the productive forces is already very important. Our country has taken on a course toward intensifying the economy. An important role in this process will be played by engineers.
Thus at present, engineer occupies a prominent position in modern production processes. His efforts are directed at using human and other resources to achieve certain goals in the most efficient manner.
Task 1. Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the words given below:
qualified, fields, making, trained, advanced, surgical, account, self education
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A highly _____ engineer is a leading figure in the technological progress.
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The higher technical educational establishments now train more and more specialists in such _____ as electronics and radio-physics, automation, computing technology, instrument _____, robotics, etc.
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They are well _____ in subjects of their speciality.
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Apart from general educational and fundamental sciences, students take _____ courses in economics, management science.
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Lasers are employed in thermal, welding and metal cutting, in _____ operations and in dozens of other areas.
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He must constantly engage in _____, always search for some new methods of improving the quality, reducing the cost of any production.
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This makes it possible for him to take into _____ the specific qualities of his future employment and, consequently, to master his future job in advance.
Task 2. Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
зварювання, виробляти та експортувати, багаті природні ресурси, потужні екскаватори, приладобудування, інструменти для вимірювання, курси з наукового менеджменту, глибокі знання з фізики та математики, кібернетика та статистика, комп’ютерна техніка, математичні методи в моделюванні рішень, довгострокові та поточні плани, покращити якість, застосовувати лазери, виконувати лабораторні тести.
Task 3. Match the following words and word combinations.
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Task 4. Combine the words and translate the word combinations into Ukrainian:
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Task 5. Find the derivatives of the following verbs in the text ‘Engineer’:
to measure, to produce, to give, to operate, to improve, to compute, to graduate, to study, to take, to educate.