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<<< < Предыдущая 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184185 / 185185

Symbols

- (dash)
datetime format element,	2-69
$ (dollar sign)
number format element,	2-64

% (percent) used with LIKE operator, 5-16 , (comma)

datetime format element,	2-69
number format element,	2-64
: (colon)
datetime format element,	2-69
. (period)
datetime format element,	2-69
number format element,	2-64
; (semicolon)
datetime format element,	2-69
/ (slash)
datetime format element,	2-69

Numerics

0 (zero)

number format element, 2-64 20th century, 2-73

21st century, 2-73 7.3.4 release

upgrading to Oracle9i release 2, 9-24 9 (nine)

number format element, 2-64

ABORT LOGICAL STANDBY clause

Index

of ALTER DATABASE,	9-47
ABS function, 6-17
ACCESSED GLOBALLY clause
of CREATE CONTEXT,	13-13

ACCOUNT LOCK clause

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREATE USER,	16-37
ACCOUNT UNLOCK clause
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE USER,	16-37
ACOS function, 6-17

ACTIVATE STANDBY DATABASE clause of ALTER DATABASE, 9-43

ACTIVE_INSTANCE_COUNT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-33

A.D. datetime format element,			2-69, 2-73
AD datetime format element,			2-69, 2-73
ADD clause
of ALTER DIMENSION,		9-58
of ALTER INDEXTYPE,		9-86
of ALTER TABLE,	11-41
of ALTER VIEW,	12-32
ADD DATAFILE clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE,			11-104
ADD LOG GROUP clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-34
ADD LOGFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-19
ADD LOGFILE GROUP clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-39
ADD LOGFILE MEMBER clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-19, 9-39

ADD LOGFILE THREAD clause

Index-1

of ALTER DATABASE,		9-38
ADD OVERFLOW clause
of ALTER TABLE, 11-40
ADD PARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE, 11-69, 11-71, 11-72
ADD PRIMARY KEY clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG,				9-114
ADD ROWID clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,			9-114
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG,				9-114
ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-40
ADD TEMPFILE clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 11-104
ADD VALUES clause
of ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY
PARTITION, 11-65
ADD_MONTHS function,		6-18
adding a constraint, 11-58
ADMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER system
privilege,	17-42
ADVISE clause
of ALTER SESSION, 10-3
AFTER clause
of CREATE TRIGGER,		15-98
AFTER triggers,	15-98
AGENT clause
of CREATE LIBRARY,		14-3
aggregate functions, 6-8
user-defined, creating,		13-61
alias
for a column,	8-3
for an expressions in a view query,			16-43
specifying in queries and subqueries,			18-17
ALL clause
of SELECT,	18-11
of SET CONSTRAINTS,		18-45
of SET ROLE, 18-48
ALL EXCEPT clause
of SET ROLE, 18-48
ALL operator,	5-5
ALL PRIVILEGES clause
of GRANT,	17-34
of REVOKE,	17-93

ALL PRIVILEGES shortcut

of AUDIT,	12-57
ALL shortcut
of AUDIT,	12-57
ALL_COL_COMMENTS data dictionary
view, 12-72
ALL_ROWS hint, 2-94
ALL_TAB_COMMENTS data dictionary
view, 12-72
ALLOCATE EXTENT clause
of ALTER CLUSTER, 9-7, 9-8
of ALTER INDEX, 9-64, 9-70
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,		9-96
of ALTER TABLE, 11-35
ALLOW CORRUPTION clause
of ALTER DATABASE ... RECOVER,			9-28
ALTER ANY CLUSTER system privilege,			17-36
ALTER ANY DIMENSION system privilege,				17-37
ALTER ANY INDEX system privilege,		17-38
ALTER ANY INDEXTYPE system privilege,				17-38
ALTER ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW system
privilege,	17-38
ALTER ANY OUTLINE system privilege,			17-39
ALTER ANY PROCEDURE system
privilege,	17-39
ALTER ANY ROLE system privilege,		17-40

ALTER ANY SEQUENCE system privilege, 17-40 ALTER ANY TABLE system privilege, 17-41

ALTER ANY TRIGGER system privilege,			17-42
ALTER ANY TYPE system privilege,		17-42
ALTER CLUSTER statement, 9-6
ALTER DATABASE statement,	9-11
ALTER DATABASE system privilege,		17-37
ALTER DIMENSION statement,	9-56
ALTER FUNCTION statement,	9-59
ALTER INDEX statement, 9-62
ALTER INDEXTYPE statement,	9-85
ALTER JAVA CLASS statement,	9-87
ALTER JAVA SOURCE statement, 9-87
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
statement, 9-110
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW statement,			9-90
ALTER object privilege, 17-46
on a sequence, 17-48
on a table, 17-47
ALTER OPERATOR statement,	9-117

Index-2

ALTER OUTLINE statement,	9-118
ALTER PACKAGE statement,	9-120
ALTER PROCEDURE statement, 9-124
ALTER PROFILE statement,	9-127
ALTER PROFILE system privilege, 17-40
ALTER RESOURCE COST statement, 9-131
ALTER RESOURCE COST system privilege,		17-40
ALTER ROLE statement, 9-134
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement,		9-136
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT system
privilege, 17-40
ALTER SEQUENCE statement, 9-140
ALTER SESSION statement,	10-2
ALTER SESSION system privilege, 17-40
ALTER SNAPSHOT LOG. See ALTER

MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG

ALTER SNAPSHOT. See ALTER MATERIALIZED

VIEW
ALTER statements
triggers on,		15-101
ALTER SYSTEM statement,					10-20
ALTER SYSTEM system privilege,							17-37
ALTER TABLE statement,				11-2
ALTER TABLESPACE statement,							11-102
ALTER TABLESPACE system privilege, 17-42
ALTER TRIGGER statement,					12-2
ALTER TYPE statement,				12-6
ALTER USER statement,				12-22
ALTER USER system privilege,						17-43
ALTER VIEW statement,				12-31
alter_external_table_clause
of ALTER TABLE, 11-16
A.M. datetime format element,						2-69, 2-73
AM datetime format element,						2-69, 2-73
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), B-1
datatypes,		2-36
conversion to Oracle datatypes, 2-36
datatypes, implicit conversion,							2-36
standards,		xvii, 1-2, B-2
supported datatypes,				2-5
analytic functions,			6-10
AVG,	6-22
CORR,	6-37
COUNT, 6-40
COVAR_POP,			6-42

COVAR_SAMP, 6-44
CUME_DIST, 6-47
DENSE_RANK, 6-55
FIRST,	6-67
FIRST_VALUE, 6-69
inverse distribution, 6-118, 6-121
LAG,	6-80
LAST,	6-81
LAST_VALUE, 6-84
LEAD,	6-86
linear regression, 6-129
MAX,	6-95
MIN,	6-97
NTILE,	6-109
OVER clause,		6-10, 6-12
PERCENT_CONT, 6-118
PERCENT_DISC, 6-121
PERCENT_RANK, 6-116
RANK,	6-123
RATIO_TO_REPORT, 6-125
ROW_NUMBER, 6-139
STDDEV, 6-148
STDDEV_POP, 6-149
STDDEV_SAMP, 6-151
SUM,	6-154
syntax,	6-10
user-defined,		6-12, 13-61
VAR_POP, 6-202
VAR_SAMP, 6-204
VARIANCE,		6-206
ANALYZE ANY system privilege,				17-43
ANALYZE CLUSTER statement,				12-34
ANALYZE INDEX statement,			12-34
ANALYZE TABLE statement,			12-34
ANCILLARY TO clause
of CREATE OPERATOR,			14-46
AND condition,		5-8
AND DATAFILES clause
of DROP TABLESPACE,			17-12
AND_EQUAL hint, 2-94
ANSI. See American National Standards Institute
(ANSI)
ANY operator,		5-5
APPEND hint,		2-94

application servers

Index-3

allowing connection as user,		12-26
applications
allowing connection as user,		12-26
securing,	13-12
validating,	13-12

AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE role, 17-45 AQ_TM_PROCESSES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-34
AQ_USER_ROLE role,	17-45
ARCHIVE LOG clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,	10-23
archive logs
applying to standby database,		9-31
archive mode
specifying, 13-29

ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-34
archived redo logs
location,	9-26
storage locations, 10-69
ARCHIVELOG clause
of ALTER DATABASE,			9-19, 9-37
of CREATE CONTROLFILE,				13-20
of CREATE DATABASE,			13-29
arguments
of operators, 3-1
arithmetic
operators,	3-3
with DATE values,		2-20
AS clause
of CREATE JAVA,		13-103
AS EXTERNAL clause
of CREATE FUNCTION,			14-69
of CREATE TYPE BODY,			16-30
AS OBJECT clause
of CREATE TYPE,		16-9
AS subquery clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 14-26
of CREATE TABLE,		15-61
of CREATE VIEW,		16-46
AS TABLE clause
of CREATE TYPE,		16-19
AS VARRAY clause
of CREATE TYPE,		16-18
ASC clause

of CREATE INDEX, 13-77
ASCII
character set,	2-46
ASCII function,	6-18
ASCIISTR function,		6-19
ASIN function,	6-20
ASSOCIATE STATISTICS statement,						12-50
ATAN function,	6-21
ATAN2 function,		6-21
ATTRIBUTE clause
of ALTER DIMENSION,			9-57
of CREATE DIMENSION,				13-44, 13-47
attributes
adding to a dimension,			9-58
dropping from a dimension,				9-58
maximum number of in object type,						15-24
of dimensions, defining,			13-47
of user-defined types
mapping to Java fields,				16-12
AUDIT ANY system privilege,				17-43
AUDIT SYSTEM system privilege,					17-37
AUDIT_FILE_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,					10-35

AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-35
AUDIT_TRAIL initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-35
auditing
options
for database objects,			12-60
for SQL statements,			12-62
policies
value-based, 12-54
SQL statements,		12-55, 12-60
by a proxy,	12-55
by a user,	12-55
SQL statements, on a directory,				12-56
SQL statements, on a schema,				12-56
SQL statements, stopping, 17-81
system privileges,		12-55
users connected to SYS schema,				10-35
AUTHENTICATED BY clause
of CREATE DATABASE LINK,				13-40
AUTHENTICATED clause
of ALTER USER,		12-27

Index-4

AUTHID CURRENT_USER clause

of ALTER JAVA,	9-88
of CREATE FUNCTION,			13-58
of CREATE JAVA,	13-99,		13-101
of CREATE PACKAGE,		14-54
of CREATE PROCEDURE,			14-68
of CREATE TYPE,	12-14, 16-10
AUTHID DEFINER clause
of ALTER JAVA,	9-88
of CREATE FUNCTION,			13-58
of CREATE JAVA,	13-99,		13-101
of CREATE PACKAGE,		14-54
of CREATE PROCEDURE,			14-68
of CREATE TYPE,	12-14, 16-10
AUTOALLOCATE clause
of CREATE TABLESPACE,			15-87
AUTOEXTEND clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-18
of CREATE DATABASE,			13-26

of CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE, 15-93 automatic segment-space management, 2-16, 15-89 Automatic Undo Management mode, 9-136, 13-33 AVG function, 6-22

number format element, 2-64 BACKGROUND_CORE_DUMP initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-35 BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-36 BACKUP ANY TABLE system privilege, 17-41 BACKUP CONTROLFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-20, 9-42 BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-36
B.C. datetime format element,	2-69, 2-73
BC datetime format element,	2-69, 2-73
BECOME USER system privilege,		17-43
BEFORE clause
of CREATE TRIGGER, 15-98

BEFORE triggers,		15-98
BEGIN BACKUP clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE,				11-107
BFILE
datatype,	2-32
locators,	2-32
BFILENAME function,			6-23
BIN_TO_NUM function,			6-25
binary large objects. See BLOB
binary operators,		3-2
BINDING clause
of CREATE OPERATOR,				14-44, 14-46
bit vectors
converting to numbers, 6-25
BITAND function,		6-25
BITMAP clause
of CREATE INDEX,			13-72
bitmap indexes, 13-72
creating join indexes,			13-67

BITMAP_MERGE_AREA_SIZE initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-36
blank padding
specifying in format models,	2-75
suppressing, 2-76

BLANK_TRIMMING initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-37 blank-padded comparison semantics, 2-46

BLOB datatype, 2-33 transactional support, 2-33

BLOCKSIZE clause

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 15-84 BODY clause

of ALTER PACKAGE, 9-121 BUFFER_POOL parameter

of STORAGE clause, 7-63 BUFFER_POOL_KEEP initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-37 BUFFER_POOL_RECYCLE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-38
BUILD DEFERRED clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,	14-20
BUILD IMMEDIATE clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,	14-20
BY ACCESS clause

Index-5

of AUDIT, 12-59 BY proxy clause

of AUDIT, 12-58 BY SESSION clause

of AUDIT, 12-59 BY user clause

of AUDIT, 12-57

BYTE character semantics, 2-10, 2-11 BYTE length semantics, 11-51

C
number format element,			2-64
C clause
of CREATE TYPE,		16-15
of CREATE TYPE BODY,				16-29
C method
mapping to an object type,				16-15
CACHE clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,					9-101
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-114
of ALTER TABLE,		11-35, 15-52
of CREATE CLUSTER,			13-9
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,					14-19
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
LOG,	14-38
CACHE hint,	2-94
CACHE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE
SEQUENCE, 9-140
of CREATE SEQUENCE,				14-92
CACHE READS clause
of ALTER TABLE,		11-45
of CREATE TABLE,		15-53
cached cursors
execution plan for,		17-24
CALL clause
of CREATE TRIGGER,			15-106
CALL procedure statement
of CREATE TRIGGER,			15-106
call spec. See call specifications
call specifications
in procedures, 14-64
of CREATE PROCEDURE,				14-68

of CREATE TYPE,	16-15
of CREATE TYPE BODY,		16-29
CALL statement, 12-68
calls
limiting CPU time for, 14-74
limiting data blocks read,		14-74
Cartesian products, 8-11
CASCADE clause
of CREATE TABLE,	15-60
of DROP PROFILE,	16-95
of DROP USER, 17-20

CASCADE CONSTRAINTS clause of DROP CLUSTER, 16-68

of DROP TABLE,			17-9
of DROP TABLESPACE,					17-12
of DROP VIEW,			17-23
of REVOKE,		17-94
CASE expressions,			4-6
searched,	4-6
simple,	4-6
CAST function,		6-27
MULTISET parameter,				6-27
CATSEARCH condition,				5-2
CC datetime format element,					2-69
CEIL function,		6-30
chained rows
listing, 12-45
of clusters,		12-39

CHANGE CATEGORY clause of ALTER OUTLINE, 9-119

CHAR character semantics, 2-10, 2-11 CHAR datatype, 2-10

ANSI, 2-36

converting to VARCHAR2, 2-63 CHAR length semantics, 11-51

CHAR VARYING datatype, ANSI, 2-36 CHARACTER datatype

ANSI, 2-36

DB2, 2-37 SQL/DS, 2-37

character functions, 6-4, 6-5 character large objects. See CLOB character length semantics, 11-51 character literal. See text CHARACTER SET parameter

Index-6

of ALTER DATABASE,				9-47
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 13-21
of CREATE DATABASE,				13-30
character sets
changing,	9-47
common,	2-46
database, specifying,			13-30
multibyte characters,			2-112
specifying for database,				13-30
character strings
comparison rules, 2-45
exact matching,		2-76
fixed-length, 2-10
national character set,			2-10
variable length,		2-11

variable-length, 2-14 zero-length, 2-10

CHARACTER VARYING datatype

ANSI, 2-36
characters
single, comparison rules,			2-46
CHARTOROWID function,			6-30
CHECK clause
of constraints, 7-15
of CREATE TABLE,		15-26
check constraints, 7-15
CHECK DATAFILES clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,		10-26
CHECKPOINT clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,		10-25
checkpoints
forcing, 10-25
CHOOSE hint,	2-94
CHR function,	6-31
CHUNK clause
of ALTER TABLE, 11-46
of CREATE TABLE,		15-38
CIRCUITS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-39
CLEAR LOGFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,			9-19, 9-41
CLOB datatype,	2-33
transactional support,		2-33
clone databases
mounting, 9-23

CLOSE DATABASE LINK clause
of ALTER SESSION,		10-3
CLUSTER clause
of ANALYZE,	12-39
of CREATE INDEX,		13-73
of CREATE TABLE,		15-35
of TRUNCATE,	18-57
CLUSTER hint, 2-95
CLUSTER_DATABASE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-39

CLUSTER_DATABASE_INSTANCES initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,						10-39
CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,						10-40
clusters
assigning tables to,				15-35
caching retrieved blocks, 13-9
cluster indexes,			13-73
collecting statistics on,					12-39
creating,	13-2
deallocating unused extents,						9-7
degree of parallelism
changing,		9-7, 9-9
when creating,				13-8
dropping tables,			16-68
extents, allocating,				9-7, 9-8
granting system privileges on,						17-36
hash, 13-6
single-table, 13-7
indexed,	13-6
key values
allocating space for,					13-5
modifying space for,					9-8
migrated and chained rows in,						12-39, 12-45
modifying, 9-6
physical attributes
changing,		9-7
specifying,		13-5
releasing unused space,					9-9
removing from the database,						16-67
SQL examples,			16-68
storage attributes
changing,		9-7

Index-7

storage characteristics, changing,								9-8
tablespace in which created,							13-6
validating structure,					12-43
COALESCE clause
for partitions,			11-72
of ALTER INDEX,				9-78
of ALTER TABLE,				11-41, 11-64
of ALTER TABLESPACE,						11-109
COALESCE function,				6-33
as a variety of CASE expression,								6-33
COALESCE SUBPARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE,				11-64
collection types
multilevel,		15-42
collections
inserting rows into,				17-60
modifying,		11-57
modifying retrieval method,							11-10
nested tables,			2-39
treating as a table,				16-60, 17-60, 18-17, 18-62,
18-64
unnesting,		18-17
examples,			18-40
varrays,	2-39
collection-typed values
converting to datatypes,						6-27
column constraints
restrictions on,			11-51
column REF constraints,					7-16
of CREATE TABLE,				15-26
columns
adding,	11-41
aliases for,		8-3
altering storage, 11-43
associating statistics with,						12-52
basing an index on,				13-74
collecting statistics on,					12-40
comments on,			12-73
creating comments about,						12-72
defining,		15-7
dropping from a table,					11-52
LOB
storage attributes,					11-45
maximum number of,					15-24
modifying existing,				11-49

parent-child relationships between, 13-43

properties, altering,	11-11, 11-43
qualifying names of,	8-2
REF
describing, 7-16
renaming, 11-56
restricting values for,	7-5
specifying as primary key,		7-13
specifying constraints on,		15-26
specifying default values,		15-25
storage properties, 15-36
substitutable, identifying type,			6-164
COLUMNS clause
of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS,			12-50, 12-52

COMMENT ANY TABLE system privilege, 17-43 COMMENT clause

of COMMIT, 12-76 COMMENT statement, 12-72 comments, 2-90

adding to objects, 12-72

associating with a transaction, 12-76 dropping from objects, 12-72

in SQL statements,			2-90
on indextypes,		12-74
on operators,		12-73
on schema objects,			2-91
on table columns,			12-73
on tables,	12-73
removing from the data dictionary, 12-72
specifying,	2-90
viewing,	12-72
commit
automatic,	12-75

COMMIT IN PROCEDURE clause of ALTER SESSION, 10-3

COMMIT statement, 12-75 COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-45 COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-40 comparison conditions, 5-4 comparison functions

MAP, 16-30 ORDER, 16-30

Index-8

comparison semantics
blank-padded, 2-46
nonpadded,		2-45
of character strings,				2-45
COMPATIBLE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,								10-40
COMPILE clause
of ALTER DIMENSION,							9-58
of ALTER FUNCTION,						9-60
of ALTER JAVA SOURCE,							9-88
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-106
of ALTER PACKAGE,						9-121
of ALTER PROCEDURE,							9-125
of ALTER TRIGGER,					12-3
of ALTER TYPE,			12-10
of ALTER VIEW,			12-33
of CREATE JAVA,			13-100
compiler switches
dropping and preserving,							9-60, 9-122, 9-125,
12-4, 12-11
COMPOSE function,			6-34
composite foreign keys,					7-14
composite partitioning
range-list,	11-63, 15-51
when creating a table,						15-19, 15-49
composite primary keys,						7-13
COMPOSITE_LIMIT parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,					9-128
of CREATE PROFILE,						14-75
compound conditions,				5-21
compound expressions,					4-5
COMPRESS clause
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD,								9-75
of CREATE TABLE,					15-32
compression
of index keys,		9-65
COMPUTE STATISTICS clause
of ALTER INDEX... REBUILD,								9-75
of ANALYZE,		12-39
of CREATE INDEX,					13-80
CONCAT function,			6-35
concatenation operator,					3-4
conditions
comparison,		5-4
compound,	5-21

EXISTS,	5-13, 5-14
group comparison,			5-7
in SQL syntax, 5-1
IS OF type,		5-19
LIKE,	5-15
logical,	5-8
membership,		5-9
null, 5-13
range,	5-12
simple comparison,			5-5
UNDER_PATH, 5-20
CONNECT BY clause
of queries and subqueries,				18-21
of SELECT,		8-5, 18-20
CONNECT clause
of SELECT and subqueries,				18-8
CONNECT role, 17-45
CONNECT THROUGH clause
of ALTER USER, 12-27
CONNECT TO clause
of CREATE DATABASE LINK,					13-39
CONNECT_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,			9-128
of ALTER RESOURCE COST,					9-132

CONSIDER FRESH clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-106 constant values. See literals CONSTRAINT(S) session parameter, 10-10 constraints

adding to a table,			11-58
altering,	11-11
check, 7-15
checking
at end of transaction,				7-19
at start of transaction,				7-20
at the end of each DML statement, 7-19
column REF,		7-16
deferrable, 7-19, 18-45
enforcing,		10-10
defining,	7-5, 15-7
for a table,		15-26
on a column,			15-26
disabling,	15-55
cascading,		15-60

disabling after table creation, 11-89

Index-9

disabling during table creation, 15-22

dropping,	11-11, 11-59, 17-12
enabling, 15-55, 15-58
enabling after table creation,					11-89
enabling during table creation,					15-22
foreign key,		7-14
modifying existing, 11-58
on views
dropping,		12-33, 17-23
modifying,		12-33
primary key,		7-13
attributes of index,			7-23
enabling,		15-57
referential integrity,			7-14
renaming,	11-59
restrictions,	7-11
setting state for a transaction,					18-45
storing rows in violation,				11-82
table REF,	7-16
unique
attributes of index,			7-23
enabling,		15-57
constructor methods
and object types, 16-3
constructors
defining for an object type,				16-16
user-defined, 16-16
CONTAINS condition,			5-2
context namespaces
accessible to instance,			13-14
associating with package,				13-12

initializing using OCI,	13-13
initializing using the LDAP directory, 13-13
removing from the database,		16-69
contexts
creating namespaces for, 13-12
granting system privileges on,		17-36
control files
allowing reuse, 13-18, 13-27
backing up, 9-42
force logging mode,	13-20
re-creating, 13-15
CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-41

CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-41
controlfile clauses
of ALTER DATABASE, 9-20
CONTROLFILE REUSE clause
of CREATE DATABASE, 13-27
controlfiles
standby, creating,		9-42
conversion
functions, 6-6
rules, string to date,		2-78
CONVERT clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 9-50
CONVERT function,		6-36
CORE_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-42
CORR function,	6-37
correlated subqueries,		8-14
correlation names
for base tables of indexes, 13-74
in DELETE,	16-60
in SELECT,	18-17
COS function,	6-39
COSH function,	6-40
COUNT function, 6-40
COVAR_POP function,			6-42
COVAR_SAMP function,			6-44
CPU_COUNT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-42
CPU_PER_CALL parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,			9-128
of CREATE PROFILE,			14-74
CPU_PER_SESSION parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,			9-128
of ALTER RESOURCE COST,				9-131
of CREATE PROFILE,			14-74
CREATE ANY CLUSTER system privilege,					17-36
CREATE ANY CONTEXT system privilege,					17-36
CREATE ANY DIMENSION system
privilege,	17-37
CREATE ANY DIRECTORY system
privilege,	17-37
CREATE ANY INDEX system privilege, 17-38
CREATE ANY INDEXTYPE system
privilege,	17-38

Index-10

CREATE ANY LIBRARY system privilege,			17-38
CREATE ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW system
privilege, 17-38
CREATE ANY OPERATOR system
privilege, 17-39
CREATE ANY OUTLINE system privilege,			17-39
CREATE ANY PROCEDURE system
privilege, 17-39
CREATE ANY SEQUENCE system
privilege, 17-40
CREATE ANY SYNONYM system privilege,			17-41
CREATE ANY TABLE system privilege,		17-41
CREATE ANY TRIGGER system privilege,			17-42
CREATE ANY TYPE system privilege,		17-42
CREATE ANY VIEW system privilege,		17-43
CREATE CLUSTER statement, 13-2
CREATE CLUSTER system privilege, 17-36
CREATE CONTEXT statement, 13-12
CREATE CONTROLFILE statement, 13-15
CREATE DATABASE LINK statement,		13-37
CREATE DATABASE LINK system
privilege, 17-37
CREATE DATABASE statement,	13-23
CREATE DATAFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 9-17, 9-34
CREATE DIMENSION
system privilege, 17-37
CREATE DIMENSION statement,	13-43
CREATE DIRECTORY statement,	13-49
CREATE FUNCTION statement,	13-52
CREATE INDEX
statement, 13-65
CREATE INDEXTYPE
statement, 13-95
CREATE INDEXTYPE system privilege,		17-37
CREATE JAVA statement, 13-98
CREATE LIBRARY statement, 14-2
CREATE LIBRARY system privilege, 17-38
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
statement, 14-34
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW statement,			14-5
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW system
privilege, 17-38
CREATE OPERATOR statement,	14-44
CREATE OPERATOR system privilege,		17-39

CREATE OUTLINE statement, 14-48 CREATE PACKAGE BODY statement, 14-57 CREATE PACKAGE statement, 14-52 CREATE PFILE statement, 14-62

CREATE PROCEDURE statement, 14-64 CREATE PROCEDURE system privilege, 17-39 CREATE PROFILE statement, 14-71

CREATE PROFILE system privilege, 17-40 CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK system

privilege, 17-37

CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM system privilege, 17-41

CREATE ROLE statement, 14-79 CREATE ROLE system privilege, 17-40

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement, 14-82 CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT system

privilege, 17-40
CREATE SCHEMA statement, 14-86
CREATE SEQUENCE statement, 14-89
CREATE SEQUENCE system privilege, 17-40
CREATE SESSION system privilege,	17-40
CREATE SPFILE statement, 14-94
CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 9-20, 9-42
CREATE statements
triggers on, 15-101
CREATE SYNONYM statement, 15-2
CREATE SYNONYM system privilege, 17-41
CREATE TABLE statement, 15-7
CREATE TABLE system privilege,	17-41
CREATE TABLESPACE statement,	15-80

CREATE TABLESPACE system privilege, 17-42 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE

statement, 15-92

CREATE TRIGGER statement, 15-95 CREATE TRIGGER system privilege, 17-42

CREATE TYPE BODY statement,		16-25
CREATE TYPE statement,	16-3
CREATE TYPE system privilege,		17-42
CREATE USER statement,	16-32
CREATE USER system privilege,		17-43
CREATE VIEW statement,	16-39
CREATE VIEW system privilege,		17-43

CREATE_BITMAP_AREA_SIZE initialization parameter

Index-11

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-42
CREATE_STORED_OUTLINES initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-43
CREATE_STORED_OUTLINES session
parameter, 10-11
cross joins, 18-19
CUBE clause
of SELECT statements, 18-22
CUME_DIST function, 6-47
cumulative distributions,		6-47
currency symbol
ISO,	2-65
local,	2-65
setting for a session,		10-8
union,	2-66
CURRENT_DATE function, 6-49
CURRENT_SCHEMA session parameter, 10-11
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function, 6-50
CURRENT_USER clause
of CREATE DATABASE LINKI,			13-39
CURRVAL pseudocolumn, 2-82, 14-89

CURSOR expressions, 4-7
CURSOR_SHARING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-7, 10-43
CURSOR_SPACE_FOR_TIME initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-44
cursors
cached, 17-24
CustomDatum Java storage format, 16-11

CYCLE parameter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 9-140

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 14-92

number format element, 2-64 data

aggregation

composite columns of GROUP BY, 18-23 concatenated grouping sets of GROUP

BY, 18-23

grouping sets,				18-23
caching frequently used,							11-35, 15-52
independence,			15-2
integrity checking on input,								2-13
retrieving,		8-2
specifying as temporary,							15-23
undo
storing,		14-82
data conversion,			2-48
between character datatypes,								2-51
implicit
disadvantages,				2-49
implicit versus explicit,						2-49
when performed implicitly,								2-49, 2-51
when specified explicitly,							2-52
data definition language (DDL)
events and triggers,					15-101
statements,		9-2
and implicit commit,						9-2
causing recompilation,							9-2
PL/SQL support,					9-2
statements requiring exclusive access,									9-2
data dictionary
adding comments to,					12-72
data manipulation language (DML)
allowing during indexing,							9-72
operations
and triggers,				15-100
during index creation,							13-80
during index rebuild,							11-87
parallelizing,			15-53
restricting operations,					10-29
retrieving affected rows,							16-61, 17-62, 18-67
retrieving rows affected by,								16-61, 17-62, 18-67
statements,		9-3
PL/SQL support,					9-3
triggers
and LOB columns and attributes,									2-31
data object number
in extended rowids,					2-34
data segment compression,							9-99, 11-33, 14-18,
15-29
database links,		8-16
closing,	10-3
creating,	2-118, 13-37

Index-12

creating synonyms with,					15-5
current user,			13-39
granting system privileges on,						17-37
naming,	2-118
public,	13-38
dropping,			16-70
referring to,			2-119
removing from the database,						16-70
shared,	13-38
syntax,	2-118
username and password, 2-119
database objects
dropping,		17-20
nonschema,			2-107
schema,	2-106
database triggers. See triggers
databases
accounts
creating,			16-32
allowing generation of redo logs, 9-23
allowing reuse of control files,						13-27
allowing unlimited resources to users, 14-73
archive mode
specifying,				13-29
blocks
specifying size, 15-84
cache
buffers in,			10-44
cancel-based recovery,					9-27
terminating,				9-29
change-based recovery,					9-27
changing character set,					9-47
changing characteristics,					13-15
changing global name,					9-51
changing name,				13-15, 13-18
character set, specifying,					13-30
character sets
changing,			9-47
specifying,				13-30
committing to standby status,						9-45
connect strings,				2-119
controlling,		9-51
controlling use,				9-52
converting from Oracle7 data dictionary, 9-50
create script for,				9-42

creating, 13-23
datafiles
modifying,		9-34
specifying,		13-30
designing media recovery,				9-25
ending backup of, 9-34
erasing all data from,			13-23
events
and triggers, 15-102
auditing,		15-102
transparent logging of, 15-102
granting system privileges on, 17-37
in FORCE LOGGING mode,				9-38, 13-20, 13-29
instances of,		13-29
limiting resources for users,				14-71
log files
modifying,		9-37
specifying,		13-27
managed recovery,			9-15
modifying,	9-11
mounting,	9-23, 13-23

moving a subset to a different database, 11-81

naming,	9-23
national character set
specifying,			13-30
no-data-loss mode,				9-44
online
adding log files,				9-38
opening,	9-23, 13-23
after media recovery,					9-24
prepare to re-create,				9-42
preventing changes to,					9-51
protection mode of,				9-44
quiesced state,			10-29
read-only, 9-23
read/write,		9-23
reconstructing damaged,					9-25
recovering,		9-25, 9-26
recovery
allowing corrupt blocks,						9-28
testing,		9-28
with backup control file,						9-27
re-creating control file for,						13-15
remote
accessing,			8-16

Index-13

authenticating users to,						13-40
connecting to,			13-39
inserting into,			17-59
service name of,				13-40
table locks on,			17-75
resetting
current log sequence,					9-24
to an earlier version,					9-50
restricting users to read-only transactions, 9-24
resuming activity,			10-29
standby
adding log files,				9-38
suspending activity,				10-29
system user passwords,					13-27
tempfiles
modifying,		9-34
time zone
determining,			6-51
setting, valid values for,						9-48, 13-35
time-based recovery,				9-27
upgrading,	9-50
DATAFILE clause
of CREATE DATABASE,						13-30
DATAFILE clauses
of ALTER DATABASE,					9-17, 9-35
DATAFILE END BACKUP clause
of ALTER DATABASE,					9-34
DATAFILE OFFLINE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,					9-35
DATAFILE ONLINE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,					9-35
DATAFILE RESIZE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,					9-36
datafiles
bringing online,			9-35
changing size of,			9-35
creating new,		9-34
defining for a tablespace,						15-81
defining for a temporary tablespace, 15-92
defining for the database,						13-26
designing media recovery,						9-25
dropping,	17-12
enabling autoextend,				7-42
end online backup of, 9-35, 11-107
extending automatically,						7-42

mapping to logical volumes and physical


devices, 10-58
online backup of,				11-107
online, updating information on,							10-26
putting online,			9-35
recover damaged,				9-25
recovering,		9-27
re-creating lost or damaged,						9-34
renaming,		9-37
resizing,	9-36
reusing,	7-41
size of,	7-41
specifying,		7-39
for a tablespace,				15-83
specifying for database,					13-30
system generated,				9-34
taking offline,			9-35
datatypes,	2-2
"Any" types,			2-40
ANSI-supported, 2-5
associating statistics with,					12-51, 12-52
BFILE,	2-9, 2-32
BLOB,	2-9, 2-33
built-in, 2-7
CHAR,	2-8, 2-10
character,		2-9
CLOB,	2-9, 2-33
comparison rules,				2-45
converting to collection-typed values, 6-27
converting to other datatypes,						6-27
DATE,	2-7, 2-18
datetime,		2-16
interval,	2-16
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND,							2-24
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH,							2-24
length semantics,				2-10, 2-11
LONG,	2-7, 2-14
LONG RAW,			2-8, 2-27
media types,			2-44
NCHAR,		2-8, 2-10
NCLOB,	2-9, 2-33
NUMBER,		2-12
NUMER,		2-7
NVARCHAR2, 2-7, 2-11
Oracle-supplied types, 2-40

Index-14

RAW,	2-8, 2-27
ROWID, 2-8, 2-33
spatial type,			2-44
TIMESTAMP,			2-21
TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE, 2-23
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE,								2-21
UROWID,		2-8, 2-35
user-defined, 2-38
VARCHAR,			2-12
VARCHAR2,			2-7, 2-11
XML types,		2-41
DATE columns
converting to datetime columns,								11-49
DATE datatype,			2-18
julian,	2-20
date format models,				2-68
punctuation in, 2-69
text in,	2-69
date functions,		6-5
dates
arithmetic,		2-20
comparison rules,				2-45
datetime arithmetic
boundary cases,				10-12
calculating daylight savings time,								2-26
datetime columns
creating from DATE columns,							11-49
datetime datatypes,				2-16
daylight savings time,						2-26
datetime expressions,					4-9
datetime field
extracting from a datetime or interval
value,		6-63
datetime format elements,						2-68
and Globalization Support, 2-73
capitalization,			2-68
ISO standard,			2-73
RR, 2-73
suffixes,	2-75
datetime functions,				6-5
DAY datetime format element,							2-73
daylight savings time,					2-26
boundary cases,				2-26
going into or coming out of effect,								2-26

DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-44 DB_BLOCK_CHECKING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-7
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-45

DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-45
DB_BLOCK_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-46

DB_CACHE_ADVICE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-46
DB_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-47, 10-72,
10-87
DB_CACHE_SIZE parameter

of ALTER SYSTEM, 10-72, 10-87 DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-7
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-47

DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-47
DB_DOMAIN initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-47
DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-48

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-48
DB_FILES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-49

DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-50
DB_NAME initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-50

DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-44

DB_RECYCLE_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-51 DB_WRITER_PROCESSES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-51 DB2 datatypes, 2-36

Index-15

conversion to Oracle datatypes, 2-37 implicit conversion, 2-37 restrictions on, 2-37

DBA role, 17-45

DBA_2PC_PENDING data dictionary view, 10-3 DBA_COL_COMMENTS data dictionary

view, 12-72 DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS data dictionary

view, 16-98 DBA_TAB_COMMENTS data dictionary

view, 12-72 DBLINK_ENCRYPT_LOGIN initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-51
DBMS_OUTPUT package, 12-3
DBMS_ROWID package
and extended rowids,	2-34
DBMSSTDX.SQL script,	13-53, 14-52, 14-57, 14-64
and triggers, 15-95
DBTIMEZONE function,	6-51
DBWR_IO_SLAVES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-52
DD datetime format element, 2-69
DDAY datetime format element,		2-69

DDD datetime format element, 2-69 DDL. See data definition language (DDL) DEALLOCATE UNUSED clause

of ALTER CLUSTER,			9-7, 9-9
of ALTER INDEX,		9-64
of ALTER TABLE,		11-35
DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE system
privilege,	17-37
DEBUG clause
of ALTER FUNCTION,				9-60
of ALTER PACKAGE,			9-122
of ALTER PROCEDURE,				9-125
of ALTER TRIGGER,			12-4
of ALTER TYPE,		12-10
DEBUG object privilege,			17-46
on a function, procedure, or package, 17-48
on a table,	17-47
on a view,	17-47
on an object type,		17-49
debugging

granting system privileges for, 17-37

decimal characters,		2-56
reset for session,		10-9
specifying, 2-65
DECIMAL datatype
ANSI,	2-36
DB2,	2-37
SQL/DS, 2-37
DECODE function,		6-52
DECOMPOSE function, 6-53
DEFAULT clause
of ALTER TABLE,		11-42
of CREATE TABLE, 15-25
DEFAULT COST clause
of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS,				12-51, 12-53
default index, suppressing,			14-21
DEFAULT profile
assigning to users, 16-95
DEFAULT ROLE clause
of ALTER USER,		12-26
DEFAULT SELECTIVITY clause
of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS,				12-51, 12-53
DEFAULT storage clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE,			11-106
of CREATE TABLESPACE,				15-86

DEFAULT TABLESPACE clause

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER of CREATE USER, 16-36

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE clause

of ALTER DATABASE,		9-49
of CREATE DATABASE,		13-26
DEFERRABLE clause
of constraints, 7-19
deferrable constraints,	18-45
DEFERRED clause
of SET CONSTRAINTS,		18-45
definer-rights functions,	13-58

DELETE ANY TABLE system privilege, 17-41 DELETE object privilege, 17-46


on a table,	17-47
on a view,	17-47
DELETE statement,		16-55
triggers on,	15-100
DELETE STATISTICS clause
of ANALYZE,		12-46

DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE role, 17-45

Index-16

DENSE_RANK function,			6-55
DEREF function,		6-58
DESC clause
of CREATE INDEX, 13-77
DETERMINISTIC clause
of CREATE FUNCTION, 13-59
DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILEn initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-52
DG_BROKER_START initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-52
dimensions
attributes
adding,	9-58
changing,		9-56
defining,		13-47
dropping,		9-58
compiling invalidated,			9-58
creating,	13-43
defining levels, 13-44
examples,	13-47
granting system privileges on,				17-37
hierarchies
adding,	9-58
changing,		9-56
defining,		13-45
dropping,		9-58
levels
adding,	9-58
defining,		13-45
dropping,		9-58
removing from the database,				16-72
directories. See directory objects

directory objects

as aliases for operating system directories, 13-49

auditing,	12-59
creating,	13-49
granting system privileges on,			17-37
redefining, 13-50
removing from the database,			16-74
direct-path INSERT,		17-53
DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS clause
of ALTER TABLE,		11-90
DISABLE clause
of ALTER INDEX,		9-77

of ALTER TRIGGER, 12-3
of CREATE TABLE,			15-55
DISABLE DISTRIBUTED RECOVERY clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,			10-27
DISABLE NOVALIDATE constraint state,						7-22,
15-57
DISABLE PARALLEL DML clause
of ALTER SESSION,			10-4
DISABLE QUERY REWRITE clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,					9-105
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,						14-26
DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,			10-28
DISABLE RESUMABLE clause
of ALTER SESSION,			10-6
DISABLE ROW MOVEMENT clause
of ALTER TABLE,			11-6, 11-38
of CREATE TABLE,			15-15, 15-60
DISABLE STORAGE IN ROW clause
of ALTER TABLE,			11-46
of CREATE TABLE,			15-38
DISABLE TABLE LOCK clause
of ALTER TABLE,			11-89
DISABLE THREAD clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 9-51
DISABLE VALIDATE constraint state,					7-22, 15-57
DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS statement,						16-64
DISCONNECT SESSION clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,			10-26
DISK_ASYNCH_IO initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-53
dispatcher processes
creating additional,			10-108
terminating,	10-108
DISPATCHERS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-53
DISTINCT clause
of SELECT,	18-11
distinct queries,	18-11
distributed queries,		8-16
restrictions on,		8-16
distribution
hints for, 2-103

DML. See data manipulation language (DML) DML_LOCKS initialization parameter

Index-17

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-55
domain indexes, 13-65, 13-84, 13-95
and LONG columns, 11-50
associating statistics with,		12-51, 12-52
creating, prerequisites, 13-85
determining user-defined CPU and I/O
costs,	17-24
example,	D-2
invoking drop routines for, 17-7
modifying,	9-76
parallelizing creation of,		13-85
rebuilding,	9-72
removing from the database, 16-77
specifying alter string for,		9-76
domain_index_clause
of CREATE INDEX, 13-69
DOUBLE PRECISION datatype (ANSI),				2-36
DRIVING_SITE hint, 2-95
DROP ANY CLUSTER system privilege,				17-36
DROP ANY CONTEXT system privilege,				17-37
DROP ANY DIMENSION system privilege,					17-37
DROP ANY DIRECTORY system privilege,					17-37
DROP ANY INDEX system privilege,			17-38
DROP ANY INDEXTYPE system privilege,					17-38
DROP ANY LIBRARY system privilege,				17-38
DROP ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW system
privilege,	17-38
DROP ANY OPERATOR system privilege,					17-39
DROP ANY OUTLINE system privilege,				17-39
DROP ANY PROCEDURE system privilege,					17-39
DROP ANY ROLE system privilege,			17-40
DROP ANY SEQUENCE system privilege,					17-40
DROP ANY SYNONYM system privilege,					17-41
DROP ANY TABLE system privilege,			17-41
DROP ANY TRIGGER system privilege,				17-42
DROP ANY TYPE system privilege,			17-42
DROP ANY VIEW system privilege,			17-43
DROP clause
of ALTER DIMENSION,		9-58
of ALTER INDEXTYPE,		9-86
DROP CLUSTER statement,		16-67
DROP COLUMN clause
of ALTER TABLE, 11-52
DROP CONSTRAINT clause
of ALTER TABLE, 11-59

DROP constraint clause
of ALTER VIEW,	12-33
DROP CONTEXT statement, 16-69
DROP DATABASE LINK statement, 16-70
DROP DIMENSION statement,		16-72
DROP DIRECTORY statement,		16-74
DROP FUNCTION statement,		16-75
DROP INDEX statement, 16-77
DROP INDEXTYPE statement,		16-79
DROP JAVA statement, 16-81
DROP LIBRARY statement, 16-83
DROP LOG GROUP clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-34
DROP LOGFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 9-19, 9-39
DROP LOGFILE MEMBER clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 9-19, 9-40
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
statement, 16-86
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW statement,			16-84
DROP OPERATOR statement,		16-88
DROP OUTLINE statement, 16-90
DROP PACKAGE BODY statement, 16-91
DROP PACKAGE statement, 16-91
DROP PARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX,	9-67, 9-81
of ALTER TABLE,	11-73
DROP PRIMARY constraint clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-59
DROP PROCEDURE statement,		16-93
DROP PROFILE statement, 16-95
DROP PROFILE system privilege, 17-40
DROP PUBLIC DATABASE LINK system
privilege, 17-37
DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM system
privilege, 17-41
DROP ROLE statement, 16-97
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement,			16-98
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT system
privilege, 17-40
DROP SEQUENCE statement,		17-2
DROP statements
triggers on, 15-101

DROP SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA clause of ALTER DATABASE, 9-41

Index-18

DROP SYNONYM statement, 17-4 DROP TABLE statement, 17-6

DROP TABLESPACE statement, 17-10 DROP TABLESPACE system privilege, 17-42

DROP TRIGGER statement, 17-13
DROP TYPE BODY statement,	17-18
DROP TYPE statement, 17-15
DROP UNIQUE constraint clause
of ALTER TABLE, 11-59
DROP USER statement, 17-20
DROP USER system privilege,	17-43
DROP VALUES clause
of ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY
PARTITION, 11-65
DROP VIEW statement, 17-22

DRS_START initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-55

DUAL dummy table, 2-111, 8-16
dump file
limiting size of,	10-8
DUMP function,	6-59
DY datetime format element,		2-69, 2-73
DYNAMIC_SAMPLING hint,		2-95

E
number format element,			2-64
E datetime format element,			2-69
EBCDIC character set,	2-46
EE datetime format element,			2-69
embedded SQL, 1-4, 9-4
precompiler support,		9-4
EMPTY_BLOB function,		6-61
EMPTY_CLOB function,		6-61
ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-89
ENABLE clause
of ALTER INDEX,	9-77
of ALTER TRIGGER,		12-3
of CREATE TABLE,		15-55

ENABLE DISTRIBUTED RECOVERY clause of ALTER SYSTEM, 10-27

ENABLE NOVALIDATE constraint state, 7-21, 15-56

ENABLE PARALLEL DML clause
of ALTER SESSION,	10-4
ENABLE QUERY REWRITE clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,			9-105
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,			14-26
ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,	10-28
ENABLE RESUMABLE clause
of ALTER SESSION,	10-6
ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-6, 11-38
of CREATE TABLE,	15-15, 15-60
ENABLE STORAGE IN ROW clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-46
of CREATE TABLE,	15-38
ENABLE TABLE LOCK clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-89
ENABLE THREAD clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-50
ENABLE VALIDATE constraint state,			7-21, 15-56
END BACKUP clause
of ALTER DATABASE ...		DATAFILE, 9-36

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 11-107, 11-108 ENQUEUE_RESOURCES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-56 equality test, 5-4

equijoins, 8-11

defining for a dimension, 13-46 equivalency tests, 5-11

error messages

setting language of, 10-9 ERROR_ON_OVERLAP_TIME session

parameter, 10-12 ESTIMATE STATISTICS clause

of ANALYZE, 12-42 EVENTS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-56 EXCEPTIONS INTO clause

of ALTER TABLE,	11-82
restrictions, 11-83
EXCHANGE PARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-24, 11-81

EXCHANGE SUBPARTITION clause of ALTER TABLE, 11-24, 11-81

exchanging partitions

Index-19

restrictions on,				11-83
EXCLUDING NEW VALUES clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG,									9-116
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
LOG,		14-41
EXCLUSIVE lock mode,					17-75
EXECUTE ANY INDEXTYPE system
privilege,		17-38
EXECUTE ANY OPERATOR system
privilege,		17-39
EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE system
privilege,		17-39
EXECUTE ANY TYPE system privilege,								17-42
EXECUTE object privilege, 17-46
on a function, procedure, or package,								17-48
on a library,		17-49
on an indextype,				17-49
on an object type, 17-49
on an operator,				17-49
EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE role,							17-45
execution plans
determining,			17-24
dropping outlines for,					16-90
saving,	14-48
EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY system privilege,									17-44
EXISTS condition,				5-14, 5-15
EXISTS conditions,				5-13
EXISTSNODE function,					6-61
EXP function,		6-62
EXP_FULL_DATABASE role,						17-45
EXPLAIN PLAN statement,						17-24
explicit data conversion,					2-49, 2-52
expressions
CASE,	4-6
changing declared type of,						6-191
comparing,		6-52
compound,		4-5
computing with the DUAL table,							8-16
CURSOR,		4-7
datetime, 4-9
in SQL syntax,				4-2
interval,	4-11
lists of,	4-16
object access,			4-12
scalar subqueries as,					4-13

simple,	4-3
type constructor,				4-13
variable,	4-15
extended rowids,			2-34
base 64,	2-34
not directly available,					2-34
extensible indexing
example,	D-2
EXTENT MANAGEMENT clause
for temporary tablespaces,							15-94
of CREATE DATABASE,						13-26
of CREATE TABLESPACE,							15-82, 15-87
of CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE,									15-93
EXTENT MANAGEMENT DICTIONARY clause
of CREATE TABLESPACE,							15-87
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL clause
of CREATE DATABASE,						13-31
of CREATE TABLESPACE,							15-87
of CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE,									15-94
extents
allocating for partitions,						11-35
allocating for subpartitions,							11-35
allocating for tables,					11-35
restricting access by instances,								9-70
specifying maximum number for an object,									7-61
specifying number allocated upon object
creation,		7-61
specifying the first for an object,								7-59
specifying the percentage of size increase,									7-60
specifying the second for an object, 7-60
external functions,				13-52, 14-64
external LOBs,		2-28
external procedures,				14-62, 14-64
running from remote database,								14-3
external tables,		15-30
altering,	11-60
creating,	15-33
restrictions on,			15-34
external users,		14-80, 16-34
EXTRACT (datetime) function,							6-63
EXTRACT (XML) function,						6-65
EXTRACTVALUE function,						6-66

Index-20

FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS parameter

of ALTER PROFILE,	9-128
of CREATE PROFILE,	14-75
FAL_CLIENT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-56
FAL_SERVER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-57

FAST_START_IO_TARGET initialization parameter setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-57

FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-58
FAST_START_PARALLEL_ROLLBACK
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-58
FF datetime format element,	2-69
FILE_MAPPING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-58
files
specifying as a redo log file group, 7-39
specifying as datafiles, 7-39
specifying as tempfiles,	7-39

FILESYSTEMIO_OPTIONS initialization parameter using with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-59

FINAL clause
of CREATE TYPE,		16-13, 16-14
FIPS
compliance,	B-10
flagging, 10-12
FIRST function,	6-67
FIRST_ROWS(n) hint,		2-96

FIRST_VALUE function, 6-69 FIXED_DATE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-59 FLAGGER session parameter, 10-12 FLASHBACK ANY TABLE system

privilege, 17-39, 17-41, 17-43 FLASHBACK object privilege, 17-46 flashback queries, 18-14

using with inserts, 17-57, 18-66 FLOAT datatype, 2-14

DB2, 2-37 SQL/DS, 2-37

FLOAT datatype (ANSI),			2-36
floating-point numbers,		2-12, 2-14
FLOOR function, 6-71
FLUSH SHARED POOL clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,		10-28
FM format model modifier,				2-76
FM number format element,				2-64
FOR clause
of ANALYZE ... COMPUTE STATISTICS,					12-40
of ANALYZE ... ESTIMATE STATISTICS,					12-40
of CREATE INDEXTYPE,				13-96
of EXPLAIN PLAN,		17-26
FOR EACH ROW clause
of CREATE TRIGGER,			15-105
FOR UPDATE clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 14-25
of SELECT,	18-10, 18-26
FORCE ANY TRANSACTION system
privilege,	17-44
FORCE clause
of COMMIT,	12-76
of CREATE VIEW, 16-43
of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 16-66
of DROP INDEX, 16-78
of DROP INDEXTYPE,			16-80
of DROP OPERATOR,			16-89
of DROP TYPE, 17-16
of REVOKE,	17-94
of ROLLBACK, 17-101
FORCE LOGGING clause
of ALTER DATABASE,				9-38
of ALTER TABLESPACE,				11-109
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 13-20
of CREATE DATABASE,				13-29
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 15-85
FORCE PARALLEL DML clause
of ALTER SESSION,		10-4
FORCE TRANSACTION system privilege,					17-44
FORCE_UNION_REWRITE hint, 2-95
foreign key constraints,		7-14
foreign tables
rowids of, 2-35
format models,	2-61

changing the return format, 2-62 date, 2-68

Index-21

changing, 2-68

creating,

13-75

default format,

2-68

disabling,

10-99

format elements,

2-68

enabling,

9-72, 9-77, 10-99

maximum length,

2-68

enabling and disabling,

9-72

modifiers,

2-75

refreshing,

9-47

number,

2-63

functions

number, elements of,

2-64

See also SQL functions

specifying,

2-63

3GL, calling,

14-2

XML, 2-79

analytic

formats

user-defined, 13-61

for dates and numbers. See format models

associating statistics with,

12-51, 12-52

of return values from the database, 2-61

avoiding run-time compilation,

9-59

of values stored in the database,

2-61

built_in

free lists

as expressions,

4-11

specifying for a table, partition, cluster, or

calling,

12-68

index,

7-62

changing the declaration of,

13-55

specifying for LOBs,

15-39

changing the definition of,

13-55

FREELIST GROUPS parameter

datatype of return value,

13-57

of STORAGE clause,

7-62

datetime,

6-5

FREELISTS parameter

DECODE,

6-52

of STORAGE clause,

7-62

defining an index on,

13-75

FREEPOOLS parameter

examples,

13-62

of LOB storage, 15-39

executing,

12-68

FROM clause

from parallel query processes,

13-60

of queries,

8-11

external,

13-52, 14-64

FROM COLUMNS clause

inverse distribution,

6-118, 6-121

of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS,

16-65

issuing COMMIT or ROLLBACK

FROM FUNCTIONS clause

statements,

10-3

of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS,

16-65

linear regression,

6-129

FROM INDEXES clause

naming rules,

2-114

of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS,

16-65

partitioning

FROM INDEXTYPES clause

among parallel query processes,

13-60

of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS,

16-65

privileges executed with,

12-14, 16-10

FROM PACKAGES clause

recompiling explicitly,

9-60

of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS,

16-65

recompiling invalid,

9-59

FROM TYPES clause

re-creating, 13-55, 13-99

of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS,

16-65

removing from the database, 16-75

FROM_TZ function,

6-71

returning collections,

13-60

FULL hint,

2-96

returning results iteratively,

13-60

full outer joins,

18-18

schema executed in,

12-14, 16-10

function expressions

specifying schema and user privileges for, 13-58

built-in, 4-11

statistics, assigning default cost,

12-51

user-defined, 4-11

statistics, defining default selectivity,

12-51

function-based indexes,

13-65

stored,

13-52

and query rewrite,

10-10

storing return value of,

12-70

Index-22

synonyms for,	15-2
table, 13-60
user_defined
as expressions,		4-11
user-defined, 6-222
aggregate,	13-61
using a saved copy,		13-59
FX format model modifier, 2-76

G number format element, 2-64 GC_FILES_TO_LOCKS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-59 general recovery clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-13, 9-25 global database names

enforcing resolution, 10-60

global indexes. See indexes, globally partitioned GLOBAL PARTITION BY RANGE clause

of CREATE INDEX, 7-24, 13-69, 13-81, 15-59 GLOBAL QUERY REWRITE system

privilege, 17-38, 17-39 GLOBAL TEMPORARY clause

of CREATE TABLE, 15-23 global users, 14-80, 16-35

GLOBAL_CONTEXT_POOL_SIZE initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-60
GLOBAL_NAMES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,		10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-60
Globalization Support
change session settings,	10-8
globally partitioned indexes,	7-24, 13-81, 13-83,
15-59

GRANT ANY OBJECT PRIVILEGE system privilege, 17-44

GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE system privilege, 17-44 GRANT ANY ROLE system privilege, 17-40 GRANT clause

of ALTER USER, 12-27

GRANT CONNECT THROUGH clause of ALTER USER, 12-24, 12-26

GRAPHIC datatype

DB2, 2-37 SQL/DS, 2-37

greater than or equal to tests, 5-5

greater than tests, 5-5
GREATEST function,	6-72
GROUP BY clause
CUBE extension,	18-22
identifying duplicate groupings, 6-72
of SELECT and subqueries,			18-9, 18-21
ROLLUP extension of,		18-22
group comparison conditions,			5-7
GROUP_ID function,	6-72
GROUPING function,	6-74
grouping sets, 18-23
GROUPING SETS clause
of SELECT and subqueries,			18-23
GROUPING_ID function,		6-75
groupings
filtering out duplicate,		6-72
GUARD ALL clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-51
GUARD clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-51
GUARD NONE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-52
GUARD STANDBY clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-51

hash clusters
creating,	13-6
single-table, creating,		13-7
specifying hash function for, 13-7
HASH hint,	2-96
HASH IS clause
of CREATE CLUSTER,		13-7
hash joins
allocating memory for,		10-8
enabling and disabling,		10-8
hash partitioning clause
of CREATE TABLE, 15-21, 15-46
hash partitions
adding, 11-71
coalescing,	11-64

Index-23

HASH_AJ hint, 2-96, 2-97 HASH_AREA_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-60

HASH_JOIN_ENABLED initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,		10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-61
HASHKEYS clause
of CREATE CLUSTER,	13-6
HAVING condition
of GROUP BY clause,	18-23
heap-organized tables
creating, 15-7
hexadecimal value
returning, 2-66

HEXTORAW function, 6-77
HH datetime format element,	2-69
HH12 datetime format element,	2-69
HH24 datetime format element,	2-69

HI_SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,						10-61
hierarchical queries, 2-86, 8-3, 18-20
child rows,		2-86, 8-4
illustrated,	2-86
leaf rows,	2-86
ordering,	18-25
parent rows,		2-86, 8-4
retrieving root and node values,						6-155
hierarchical query clause
of SELECT and subqueries,					18-8
hierarchies
adding to a dimension,				9-58
dropping from a dimension,					9-58
of dimensions, defining,				13-45
HIERARCHY clause
of CREATE DIMENSION,					13-44, 13-45
high water mark
of clusters,	9-9
of indexes,	9-69
of tables,	11-35, 12-38
hints, 8-3
ALL_ROWS hint,			2-94
AND_EQUAL hint,			2-94
CACHE hint,		2-94

CLUSTER hint, 2-95
FIRST_ROWS hint,			2-96
FULL hint,	2-96
HASH hint,	2-96
in SQL statements,			2-91
INDEX hint,	2-97
INDEX_ASC hint,		2-97
INDEX_DESC hint,			2-97, 2-98
NO_EXPAND hint,			2-100
NO_MERGE hint,		2-100
NO_PUSH_PRED hint,				2-101
NO_PUSH_SUBQ hint,				2-101
NOCACHE hint,		2-99
NOPARALLEL hint,			2-100
NOREWRITE hint,			2-101
ORDERED hint,		2-101
PARALLEL hint,		2-103
passing to the optimizer,				18-59
PQ_DISTRIBUTE hint,				2-103
PUSH_PRED hint,			2-104
PUSH_SUBQ hint,			2-104
REWRITE hint, 2-104
ROWID hint,	2-104
RULE hint,	2-105
syntax, 2-92
USE_CONCAT hint,			2-106
USE_MERGE hint,			2-106
USE_NL hint, 2-106
histograms
creating equiwidth,			6-208
HS_ADMIN_ROLE role, 17-45

HS_AUTOREGISTER initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-62

I datetime format element, 2-69 IDENTIFIED BY clause

of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 13-40 of SET ROLE, 18-48

IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY clause

of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER of CREATE ROLE, 14-80

Index-24

of CREATE USER,	16-34
IDENTIFIED GLOBALLY clause
of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE
of ALTER USER, 12-25
of CREATE ROLE,	14-80
of CREATE USER,	16-35
IDLE_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,	9-128
IFILE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-62

IMMEDIATE clause

of SET CONSTRAINTS, 18-45 IMP_FULL_DATABASE role, 17-45

implicit data conversion,	2-49, 2-51
IN OUT parameter
of CREATE FUNCTION,		13-57
of CREATE PROCEDURE,		14-67
IN parameter
of CREATE function,	13-57
of CREATE PROCEDURE,		14-67
INCLUDING CONTENTS clause
of DROP TABLESPACE,		17-11

INCLUDING DATAFILES clause

of ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE DROP clause, 9-37

INCLUDING NEW VALUES clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-116 of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW

LOG, 14-41 INCLUDING TABLES clause

of DROP CLUSTER,	16-68
incomplete object types,	16-3
creating, 16-3, 16-5

INCREMENT BY clause

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE INCREMENT BY parameter

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 14-91

INDEX clause
of ANALYZE,		12-36
of CREATE CLUSTER,			13-6
INDEX hint,	2-97
index keys
compression,		9-65
INDEX object privilege,			17-46
on a table,	17-47


index partitions
creating subpartitions,						13-71
dropping,	9-67
index subpartitions,				13-71
INDEX_ASC hint,			2-97
INDEX_DESC hint,			2-97, 2-98
indexed clusters
creating,	13-6
indexes, 9-71
access path, optimizing for,							10-9
allocating new extents for,							9-70
application-specific, 13-95
ascending,		13-77
based on indextypes,					13-84
bitmap, 13-72
bitmap join,		13-86
B-tree, 13-65
changing attributes,					9-71
changing parallelism of,						9-70
collecting statistics on,						12-36
on composite-partitioned tables,								13-83
creating,	13-65
creating on a cluster,					13-66
creating on a table,				13-67
deallocating unused space from,								9-69
descending,		13-77
and query rewrite,					13-77
as function-based indexes, 13-77
direct-path inserts, logging,							9-71
disassociating statistics types from, 16-78
domain,	13-65, 13-84, 13-95
domain, example,				D-2
dropping index partitions,							16-78
examples,	13-87
function-based, 13-65
creating,		13-75
global partitioned, creating,							13-69
globally partitioned,					7-24, 13-81, 13-83, 15-59
updating,		11-85
granting system privileges on,								17-38
on hash-partitioned tables,							13-83
join, bitmap,		13-86
key compression of,					9-75
key compression, enabling,							9-72
keys, eliminating repetition,							9-72

Index-25

locally partitioned, 13-83
logging rebuild operations, 9-72
logging rebuild operations on, 9-76
marking as UNUSABLE,	9-77
merging block contents,	9-72

merging contents of index blocks, 9-78 modifying attributes, 9-72

moving, 9-72

on clusters, 13-73

on composite-partitioned tables, creating, 13-71


on hash-partitioned tables
creating,	13-70
on index-organized tables,				13-73
on list-partitioned tables
creating,	13-70
on nested table storage tables,					13-73
on partitioned tables,			13-73
on range-partitioned tables, creating,							13-70
on scalar typed object attributes,						13-73
on table columns,		13-73
on XMLType tables,			13-88
online, 13-80
parallelizing creation of,				13-80
partitioned,	2-108, 13-65
user-defined,		7-24, 13-81, 15-59
partitioning,	13-81
partitions, 13-81
adding new,		9-81
changing default attributes,						9-79
changing physical attributes,						9-71
changing storage characteristics,							9-79
deallocating unused space from,							9-69
dropping,	9-81
marking UNUSABLE,				9-81, 11-84
modifying the real characteristics,							9-80
preventing use of,			9-77
rebuilding, 9-72
rebuilding unusable, 11-84
re-creating, 9-72
removing,	9-79
renaming,	9-81
specifying tablespace,				9-72
specifying tablespace for,					9-74
splitting,	9-79, 9-81
physical attributes,			13-77


preventing use of,				9-77
on range-partitioned tables,							13-83
rebuilding,		9-72
rebuilding while online,						9-75
re-creating, 9-72
removing from the database,							16-77
renaming, 9-72, 9-78
reverse,	9-72, 9-74, 13-79
specifying tablespace for,						9-72, 9-74
statistics on,		13-80
statistics on rebuild,					9-75
statistics on usage,				9-78
storage attributes,				13-77
subpartitions
allocating extents for,						9-82
changing default attributes,								9-79
changing physical attributes,								9-71
changing storage characteristics,									9-79
deallocating unused space from,									9-69, 9-82
marking UNUSABLE,						9-82
modifying,			9-72
moving,		9-72
preventing use of,					9-77
rebuilding,			9-72
re-creating, 9-72
renaming,		9-81
specifying tablespace,						9-72
specifying tablespace for,							9-74
tablespace containing,					13-78
unique,	13-71
unsorted,	13-78
used to enforce constraints,							11-59, 15-58
validating structure,					12-43
index-organized tables
bitmap indexes on, creating,							15-32
creating,	15-7
mapping tables,			11-87
moving,		11-68
mapping tables, creating,						15-32
modifying,		11-39
moving,	11-87
overflow segments
specifying storage,					11-40, 15-47
partitioned, updating secondary indexes, 9-80
PCT_ACCESS_DIRECT statistics,									12-38

Index-26

primary key indexes
coalescing,			11-41
updating,			11-41
rebuilding,		11-86
rowids of,		2-35
secondary indexes, updating,								9-79
INDEXTYPE clause
of CREATE INDEX,						13-69, 13-84
indextypes
adding operators,					9-85
altering,	9-85
associating statistics with,							12-51, 12-52
changing implementation type,								9-85
comments on,			12-74
creating,	13-95
disassociating from statistics types, 16-79
drop routines, invoking,							16-78
granting system privileges on,								17-37
indexes based on,					13-84
instances,		13-65
removing from the database, 16-79
in-doubt transactions
forcing,	12-76
forcing commit of,					12-76
forcing rollback,				17-101
rolling back,			17-99
inequality test,		5-4
INITCAP function,				6-77
INITIAL parameter
of STORAGE clause,						7-59
initialization parameters
changing session settings,							10-6
CIRCUITS,		10-39
INITIALIZED EXTERNALLY clause
of CREATE CONTEXT,							13-13
INITIALIZED GLOBALLY clause
of CREATE CONTEXT,							13-13
INITIALLY DEFERRED clause
of constraints,			7-20
INITIALLY IMMEDIATE clause
of constraints,			7-20
INITRANS parameter
of ALTER CLUSTER,						9-8
of ALTER INDEX,					9-64, 9-71

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-112

of ALTER TABLE, 11-32

of CREATE INDEX. See CREATE TABLE

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See

CREATE TABLE

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW. See

CREATE TABLE
of CREATE TABLE,		7-54
inline constraints
of ALTER TABLE,		11-43
of CREATE TABLE,		15-26
inline views,	8-13
IN-lists, 2-106
inner joins,	8-12, 18-18

INSERT ANY TABLE system privilege, 17-41 INSERT clause

of MERGE,	17-78
INSERT object privilege,			17-46
on a table,	17-47
on a view,	17-47
INSERT statement,		17-53
append, 2-94
triggers on,	15-100
inserts
and simultaneous update,				17-77
conditional,	17-63
conventional, 17-53
direct-path, 17-53
multitable,	17-63
multitable, examples,			17-68
single-table, 17-57
using MERGE,		17-78
instance recovery
continue after interruption,				9-25
INSTANCE session parameter,				10-12

INSTANCE_GROUPS initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-62

INSTANCE_NAME initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-63

INSTANCE_NUMBER initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-63

instances
global name resolution for,	10-60
making index extents available to, 9-70
memory requirements of,	10-44

setting parameters for, 10-31

Index-27

INSTANTIABLE clause
of CREATE TYPE,					16-13
INSTEAD OF clause
of CREATE TRIGGER,							15-99
INSTEAD OF triggers,					15-99
INSTR function,			6-78
INSTR2 function,				6-78
INSTR4 function,				6-78
INSTRB function,				6-78
INSTRC function,				6-78
INT datatype (ANSI),					2-36
INTEGER datatype
ANSI,	2-36
DB2,	2-37
SQL/DS,		2-37
integers
generating unique,					14-89
in SQL syntax,				2-55
precision of,			2-55
specifying,		2-12
syntax of,		2-55
integrity constraints. See constraints
internal LOBs,			2-28
International Standards Organization (ISO), B-1
standards,		xvii, 1-2, B-2
INTERSECT set operator,						3-6, 18-24
interval datatypes,				2-16
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND datatype,									2-24
INTERVAL expressions,						4-11
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH datatype,									2-24
INTO clause
of EXPLAIN PLAN,					17-26
of INSERT,			17-57
INVALIDATE GLOBAL INDEXES clause
of ALTER TABLE,					11-85
inverse distribution functions,								6-118, 6-121
invoker rights
altering for a Java class,							9-88
altering for an object type,								12-14
defining for a function,							13-58
defining for a Java class,							13-99, 13-101
defining for a package,							14-53
defining for a procedure,							14-65
defining for an object type,								16-10
invoker-rights functions

defining, 13-58
IS NOT NULL operator, 5-13
IS NULL operator, 5-13
IS OF type condition, 5-19
ISO. See International Standards Organization (ISO)
ISOLATION_LEVEL session parameter, 10-13
IW datetime format element,	2-69
IY datetime format element, 2-69
IYY datetime format element,	2-69
IYYY datetime format element,	2-69

J datetime format element,			2-69
Java
class
creating,	13-98, 13-100
dropping,	16-81
resolving,	9-87, 13-100
Java source schema object
creating,	13-100
methods
return type of,		16-14
resource
creating,	13-98, 13-100
dropping,	16-81
schema object
name resolution of,			13-102
source
compiling,	9-87, 13-100
creating,	13-98
dropping,	16-81
storage formats
CustomDatum,		16-11
SQLData,	16-11
JAVA clause
of CREATE TYPE,		16-15
of CREATE TYPE BODY,				16-29
Java methods
mapping to an object type,				16-15

JAVA_MAX_SESSIONSPACE_LIMIT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-64 JAVA_MAX_SESSIONSPACE_SIZE initialization

parameter

Index-28

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-64
JAVA_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-64

JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES initialization parameter


setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-65
JOIN clause
of CREATE DIMENSION,					13-44
JOIN KEY clause
of ALTER DIMENSION,				9-57
of CREATE DIMENSION,					13-46
join views
example,			16-51
making updatable, 16-48
modifying,			16-59, 17-58, 18-62
joins,	8-10
conditions
defining, 8-10
cross,		18-19
equijoins,			8-11
full outer,			18-18
inner,		8-12, 18-18
left outer,			18-18
natural,		18-19
nested loop, optimizing for,					10-9
outer,		8-12
restrictions, 8-12
parallel, and PQ_DISTRIBUTE hint, 2-103
right outer,			18-18
self,	8-11
without join conditions,				8-11
Julian dates,			2-20

key compression,		15-32
definition,	9-75
disabling,	9-75, 13-78
enabling,	9-72
of index rebuild,		11-88
of indexes
disabling, 9-75
of index-organized tables, 15-32
key-preserved tables, 16-48
keywords, 2-111
in object names,		2-111

optional,	A-4
required,	A-3
KILL SESSION clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 10-27

L number format element, 2-64

LAG function, 6-80
LANGUAGE clause
of CREATE PROCEDURE,	14-68
of CREATE TYPE, 16-15
of CREATE TYPE BODY,	16-29

large objects. See LOB datatypes LARGE_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,					10-65
LAST function,	6-81
LAST_DAY function,		6-83
LAST_VALUE function,			6-84
LEAD function,	6-86
LEAST function,	6-87
left outer joins,	18-18
LENGTH function,		6-88
LENGTH2 function,		6-88
LENGTH4 function,		6-88
LENGTHB function,		6-88
LENGTHC function,		6-88
less than tests,	5-5
LEVEL clause
of ALTER DIMENSION,				9-57
of CREATE DIMENSION, 13-44, 13-45
LEVEL pseudocolumn,			2-86, 18-20
and hierarchical queries,				2-86
levels
adding to a dimension,				9-58
dropping from a dimension,					9-58
of dimensions, defining,				13-45
libraries
creating, 14-2
granting system privileges on,					17-38
re-creating, 14-2
removing from the database,					16-83

library units. See Java schema objects LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-66

Index-29

LICENSE_MAX_USERS initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-66

LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,						10-67
licenses
changing limits,			10-66, 10-67
licensing
changing limits,			10-66
LIKE conditions,			5-15
linear regression functions,					6-129
LIST CHAINED ROWS clause
of ANALYZE,			12-45
list partitioning
adding default partition,					11-72
adding partitions,				11-65, 11-72
adding values,			11-65
creating a default partition, 15-48
creating partitions,				15-48
default partition
adding,		11-65
dropping, 11-65
dropping values,				11-65
merging default with nondefault
partitions,			11-79
splitting default partition,					11-75
list subpartitions
adding,	11-63
listeners
registering,		10-31
literals
in SQL statements and functions, 2-54
in SQL syntax,			2-53
LN function,		6-89
LOB columns
adding,	11-41
creating from LONG columns,						2-15, 11-50
defining properties
for materialized views,					14-12
modifying,		11-49
modifying storage,				11-45
restricted in joins,				8-11
restrictions on,			2-29
storage characteristics of materialized
views,		9-99

LOB datatypes,		2-28
LOB index clause
of ALTER TABLE,			11-47
of CREATE TABLE,			15-39
LOB storage clause
for partitions,		11-47
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,						9-99
of ALTER TABLE,			11-14, 11-45
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,						14-12,
14-14, 14-19
of CREATE TABLE,			15-14, 15-36
LOB_storage_clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,						9-93
LOBs
attributes, initializing, 2-29
CACHE READS setting,				2-31
columns
difference from LONG and LONG
RAW,		2-28
populating, 2-29
external,	2-28
indexes for,		15-39
internal,	2-28
locators,	2-28
logging attribute, 15-28
modifying physical attributes,					11-57
number of bytes manipulated in, 15-38
saving old versions,			15-38, 15-39
saving values in a cache,				11-45, 15-53
specifying directories for,				13-49
storage
attributes,		15-36
characteristics,			7-55
in-line, 15-37
tablespace for
defining,		15-28
LOCAL clause
of CREATE INDEX,			13-69, 13-83
local users,	14-80, 16-34
LOCAL_LISTENER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,					10-67
locally managed tablespaces
altering,	11-104
storage attributes,			7-59
locally partitioned indexes,				13-83

Index-30

LOCALTIMESTAMP function, 6-90 location transparency, 15-2

LOCK ANY TABLE system privilege, 17-41 LOCK TABLE statement, 17-73 LOCK_NAME_SPACE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-68
LOCK_SGA initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-68
locking
automatic
overriding, 17-73
locks. See table locks
log data
collection during update operations, 9-40
log file clauses
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-19
log files
adding, 9-37
dropping,	9-37
modifying,	9-37
registering,	9-45
renaming,	9-37
setting session path for,		10-8
specifying for the database, 13-27
LOG function,	6-91
log groups
dropping,	11-34

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-68

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n initialization parameter overriding DELAY setting, 9-31

setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-8, 10-69 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-70

LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-71 LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-71 LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-72 LOG_ARCHIVE_MIN_SUCCEED_DEST

initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-72

LOG_ARCHIVE_START parameter of ALTER SYSTEM, 10-72

LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-73
LOG_BUFFER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-73

LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-73 LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-74 LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ALERT initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-74 LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-74 LOG_PARALLELISM initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-75
LOGFILE clause
OF CREATE DATABASE, 13-27
LOGFILE GROUP clause
of CREATE CONTROLFILE,		13-18
logging, 9-71, 15-85
and redo log size,	7-46
specifying minimal,	7-46
supplemental
dropping, 9-41

supplemental, adding log groups, 11-34

supplemental, dropping log groups,		11-34
LOGGING clause
of ALTER INDEX,	9-71
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 9-76
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,		9-100
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-114
of ALTER TABLE,	11-34
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 11-109
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,		14-17
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
LOG, 14-38
of CREATE TABLE,	15-28

Index-31

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 15-85

logical conditions, 5-8
logical standby database
aborting,	9-47
activating,	9-43
stopping,	9-47
LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 9-128

LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION parameter

of ALTER PROFILE,		9-128
of ALTER RESOURCE COST,				9-132
LOGMNR_MAX_PERSISTENT_SESSIONS
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-75
LOGOFF database event
triggers on, 15-103
LOGON database event
triggers on, 15-103
LONG columns
and domain indexes,		11-50
converting to LOB,		2-15, 11-50
restrictions on,	2-15
to store text strings,		2-14
to store view definitions,			2-14
where referenced from,			2-15
LONG datatype,	2-14
in triggers, 2-16
LONG RAW datatype,		2-27
converting from CHAR data,				2-28
LONG VARCHAR datatype
DB2, 2-37
SQL/DS, 2-37
LONG VARGRAPHIC datatype
DB2, 2-37
SQL/DS, 2-37
LOWER function,	6-91
LPAD function,	6-92
LTRIM function,	6-93

MAKE_REF function, 6-94

MANAGE TABLESPACE system privilege, 17-42 managed recovery

of database, 9-15

wait period of, 9-30
managed standby recovery
as background process, 9-30
overriding delays, 9-30
returning control during,	9-33
terminating automatically,	9-31
terminating existing, 9-32

MANAGED STANDBY RECOVERY clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-29
MAP MEMBER clause
of ALTER TYPE,			12-13
of CREATE TYPE,				16-30
MAP methods
defining for a type,				16-17
specifying,	12-13
MAPPING TABLE clause
of ALTER TABLE,				11-68, 11-87
mapping tables
of index-organized tables,						11-87, 15-32
modifying,		11-41
master databases,		14-5
master tables,	14-5
MATCHES condition,				5-2
materialized join views,					14-34
materialized view logs,					14-34
adding columns,			9-114
creating, 14-34
excluding new values from,							9-116
logging changes to,				9-114
object ID based,		9-115
parallelizing creation,					14-38
partition attributes, changing,							9-113
partitioned,	14-39
physical attributes
specifying,		14-37
physical attributes, changing,							9-113
removing from the database,							16-86
required for fast refresh,						14-34
rowid based,	9-115
saving new values in,					9-116
saving old values in,					14-41
storage attributes
specifying,		14-37
materialized view partition segments
compression of,		9-99, 14-18

Index-32

materialized view segments
data compression of,				9-99, 14-18
materialized views,			9-102, 14-21
allowing update of,				14-25
changing from rowid-based to
primary-key-based, 9-104
changing to primary-key-based, 9-115
complete refresh,			9-103, 14-22
constraints on,		7-22
creating, 14-5
creating comments about, 12-72
for data warehousing,					14-5
degree of parallelism,					9-100, 9-113
during creation,				14-20
enabling and disabling query rewrite, 14-26
examples,	14-28, 14-41
fast refresh,	9-102, 14-21, 14-22
forced refresh,		9-103
index characteristics
changing,		9-100
indexes that maintain,					14-21
join, 14-34
LOB storage attributes,					9-99
logging changes to,				9-100
master table, dropping,					16-85
object type, creating,				14-15
partitions,	9-99
physical attributes,				14-17
changing,		9-98
primary key,		14-23

recording values in master table,				9-114
query rewrite
eligibility for, 7-22
enabling and disabling,		9-105
re-creating during refresh,		9-103
refresh mode
changing,	9-102
refresh time
changing,	9-102
refreshing, 9-47
refreshing after DML on master table,				9-104,
14-23
refreshing on next COMMIT,			9-103, 14-22
removing from the database,			16-84
for replication,	14-5

restricting scope of,	14-16
retrieving data from,	18-4
revalidating, 9-106
rowid, 14-24
rowid values

recording in master table, 9-114 saving blocks in a cache, 9-101 storage attributes, 14-17

changing, 9-98 subquery, 14-26

suppressing creation of default index, 14-21 synonyms for, 15-2

when to populate, 14-20 MAX function, 6-95

MAX_COMMIT_PROPAGATION_DELAY initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-76 MAX_DISPATCHERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-76 MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-77

MAX_ENABLED_ROLES initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-77

MAX_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-77 MAX_SHARED_SERVERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-78
MAXDATAFILES parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE,	13-20
of CREATE DATABASE, 13-29
MAXEXTENTS parameter
of STORAGE clause, 7-61
MAXINSTANCES parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE,	13-20
OF CREATE DATABASE, 13-29
MAXLOGFILES parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE,	13-19
of CREATE DATABASE, 13-28
MAXLOGHISTORY parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE,	13-19
of CREATE DATABASE, 13-28
MAXLOGMEMBERS parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE,	13-19

Index-33

of CREATE DATABASE,	13-28
MAXSIZE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,	9-18

MAXTRANS parameter

of ALTER CLUSTER, 9-8

of ALTER INDEX,	9-64, 9-71
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-112
of ALTER TABLE,	11-32

of CREATE INDEX. See CREATE TABLE

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See

CREATE TABLE

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW. See

CREATE TABLE
of CREATE TABLE,				7-55
MAXVALUE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE
of CREATE SEQUENCE,					14-91
media recovery
avoid on startup,			9-35
designing,	9-25
disabling, 9-34
from specified redo logs,					9-25
of database,	9-25
of datafiles,	9-25
of standby database,				9-25
of tablespaces,		9-25
parallelizing,		9-28
performing ongoing,				9-29
preparing for,		9-37, 9-38
restrictions,	9-25
sustained standby recovery, 9-29
media types
ORDSYS.ORDAudio,				2-44
ORDSYS.ORDDoc, 2-44
ORDSYS.ORDImage,				2-44
ORDSYS.ORDVideo,				2-44
median values,	6-121
MEMBER clause
of ALTER TYPE,			12-12
of CREATE TYPE,			16-12
of CREATE TYPE BODY,					16-28
membership conditions,				5-9
MERGE hint,	2-98
MERGE PARTITIONS clause
of ALTER TABLE,			11-79

MERGE statement,			17-77
MERGE_AJ hint,			2-96, 2-97
merge_insert_clause
of MERGE,		17-79
methods
overriding a method a supertype,					16-14
preventing overriding in subtypes,					16-14
static,	16-13
without implementation,				16-14
MI datetime format element,				2-69
MI number format element,				2-64
MIGRATE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,				9-24
migrated rows
listing,	12-45
of clusters,		12-39
MIN function,		6-97

MINEXTENTS parameter

of STORAGE clause, 7-61

MINIMIZE RECORDS PER BLOCK clause

of ALTER TABLE,	11-37
MINIMUM EXTENT clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE,		11-106
of CREATE TABLESPACE,		15-84
MINUS set operator,	3-6, 18-24
MINVALUE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE
of CREATE SEQUENCE,		14-92
MM datetime format element,		2-69
MOD function, 6-98
MODE clause
of LOCK TABLE,	17-75
MODIFY clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-49
MODIFY CONSTRAINT clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-11, 11-58
of ALTER VIEW,	12-33
MODIFY DEFAULT ATTRIBUTES clause
of ALTER INDEX,	9-66, 9-79
of ALTER TABLE,	11-61
MODIFY LOB clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-57
MODIFY LOB storage clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-94, 9-99
of ALTER TABLE,	11-57

Index-34

MODIFY NESTED TABLE clause

of ALTER TABLE,	11-10, 11-57
MODIFY PARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX,	9-67, 9-80
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-100
of ALTER TABLE,	11-62

MODIFY scoped_table_ref_constraint clause of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-102

MODIFY SUBPARTITION clause

of ALTER INDEX,	9-68, 9-82
of ALTER TABLE,	11-66
MODIFY VARRAY clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-15, 11-57

MON datetime format element, 2-69, 2-73 MONITORING clause

of ALTER TABLE,	11-36
of CREATE TABLE,	15-55

MONITORING USAGE clause of ALTER INDEX, 9-78

MONTH datetime format element, 2-69, 2-73 MONTHS_BETWEEN function, 6-99 MOUNT clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-23
MOVE clause
of ALTER TABLE,			11-29, 11-86
MOVE ONLINE clause
of ALTER TABLE,			11-87
MOVE PARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE,			11-67
MOVE SUBPARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE,			11-68
MTS. See shared server
multilevel collections,			15-42
MULTISET parameter
of CAST function,			6-27
multitable inserts,		17-63
conditional,	17-63
examples,	17-68
unconditional,		17-63

multi-threaded server. See shared server

NAME clause

of SET TRANSACTION, 18-52

NAMED clause
of CREATE JAVA, 13-101
namespaces
and object naming rules,	2-112
for nonschema objects,	2-113
for schema objects, 2-112
NATIONAL CHAR datatype (ANSI), 2-36
NATIONAL CHAR VARYING datatype
(ANSI), 2-36

NATIONAL CHARACTER datatype (ANSI), 2-36

national character set
fixed versus variable width, 2-11
multibyte character data,	2-33
multibyte character sets,	2-10, 2-11
variable-length strings,	2-11
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET parameter
of ALTER DATABASE,	9-47
of CREATE DATABASE,	13-30
national character sets
changing, 9-47

NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING datatype

(ANSI),	2-36
natural joins,	18-19
NCHAR datatype,		2-10
ANSI, 2-36
NCHAR VARYING datatype (ANSI),						2-36
NCHR function,		6-100
NCLOB datatype,		2-33
transactional support of,					2-33
negative scale, 2-13
nested loop joins
optimizing for,		10-9
nested subqueries,		8-13
NESTED TABLE clause
of ALTER TABLE,			11-12, 11-44
of CREATE TABLE,			15-13, 15-41
of CREATE TRIGGER,				15-104
nested tables,	2-39
changing returned value,					11-57
compared with varrays,					2-48
comparison rules,			2-48
creating,	16-3, 16-9
defining as index-organized tables,						11-44
dropping the body of,				17-18

dropping the specification of, 17-15

Index-35

in materialized views, 14-12, 14-13

indexing columns of,	13-74
modifying, 11-57
modifying column properties, 11-12
multilevel, 15-42
storage characteristics of, 11-44, 15-41
update in a view, 15-99
NEW_TIME function,	6-100
NEXT clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED
VIEW...REFRESH, 9-104
NEXT parameter
of STORAGE clause,	7-60
NEXT_DAY function,	6-102
NEXTVAL pseudocolumn, 2-82, 14-89

NL_SJ hint, 2-96, 2-97 NLS_CALENDAR initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-78

NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN function, 6-102 NLS_CHARSET_ID function, 6-103

NLS_CHARSET_NAME function,	6-104
NLS_COMP initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-79
NLS_CURRENCY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-79

NLS_DATE_FORMAT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-79

NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE initialization

parameter, 2-73
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-80

NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-80
NLS_INITCAP function, 6-104

NLS_ISO_CURRENCY initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-8
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-80

NLS_LANGUAGE initialization parameter, 2-73, 8-10

setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-9

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-81
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS initialization
parameter
overriding, 2-10
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-81
NLS_LOWER function, 6-106
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-81

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-82

NLS_SORT initialization parameter, 8-10

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-82

NLS_TERRITORY initialization parameter, 2-73

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-82

NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-83

NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,			10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-83
NLS_UPPER function, 6-108
NLSSORT function, 6-107
NO FORCE LOGGING clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-38
of ALTER TABLESPACE,		11-109
NO_EXPAND hint, 2-100
NO_INDEX hint,	2-100
NO_MERGE hint,	2-100
NO_PUSH_PRED hint, 2-101
NOAPPEND hint,	2-99
NOARCHIVELOG clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-19, 9-37
of CREATE CONTROLFILE,			13-20

OF CREATE DATABASE, 9-25, 13-29 NOAUDIT statement, 17-81 NOCACHE clause

Index-36

of ALTER CLUSTER, 9-9
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,			9-101
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-114
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE
of ALTER TABLE,	11-36, 15-53
of CREATE CLUSTER, 13-9
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,			14-19
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
LOG, 14-38
of CREATE SEQUENCE,		14-92
NOCACHE hint, 2-99
NOCOMPRESS clause
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 9-75
of CREATE INDEX,	13-78
of CREATE TABLE,	15-32
NOCOPY clause
of CREATE FUNCTION,		13-57
of CREATE PROCEDURE,		14-67
NOCYCLE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE
SEQUENCE, 9-140
of CREATE SEQUENCE,		14-92
NOFORCE clause
of CREATE JAVA,	13-100
of CREATE VIEW,	16-43
NOLOGGING mode
and force logging mode, 7-46
for nonpartitioned objects,		7-46
for partitioned objects, 7-46
NOMAXVALUE parameter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE of CREATE SEQUENCE, 14-91

NOMINIMIZE RECORDS PER BLOCK clause

of ALTER TABLE,	11-37
NOMINVALUE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE
SEQUENCE, 9-140
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 14-92
NOMONITORING clause
of ALTER TABLE,	11-36
of CREATE TABLE,	15-55
NOMONITORING USAGE clause
of ALTER INDEX,	9-78
NONE clause

of SET ROLE, 18-48

nonequivalency tests, 5-11

nonpadded comparison semantics, 2-45 nonschema objects

list of, 2-107 namespaces, 2-113

NOORDER parameter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE

SEQUENCE, 9-140
of CREATE SEQUENCE,		14-93
NOPARALLEL clause
of CREATE INDEX,	7-50, 9-10, 9-29, 9-70, 9-100,
9-113, 11-86, 13-8, 13-81, 14-20, 14-39, 15-53
NOPARALLEL hint,	2-100
NOPARALLEL_INDEX hint,		2-100
NORELY clause
of constraints, 7-22
NORESETLOGS clause
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 13-19
NOREVERSE parameter
of ALTER INDEX ...	REBUILD, 9-74

NOREWRITE hint, 2-101 NOROWDEPENDENCIES clause

of CREATE CLUSTER, 13-9

of CREATE TABLE,	15-54
NOSORT clause
of ALTER INDEX,	13-78

NOT condition, 5-8 NOT DEFERRABLE clause

of constraints, 7-19 NOT FINAL clause

of CREATE TYPE, 16-13 NOT IDENTIFIED clause

of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE

of CREATE ROLE,			14-80
NOT INSTANTIABLE clause
of CREATE TYPE,		16-13, 16-14
NOT NULL clause
of CREATE TABLE,			15-26
NOWAIT clause
of LOCK TABLE,		17-75
NTILE function,	6-109
null, 2-80
difference from zero,			2-80
in conditions,	2-81
table of, 2-82

Index-37

in functions,	2-80
with comparison conditions,				2-81
null conditions,	5-13
NULLIF function,		6-110
as a form of CASE expression,				6-110
NUMBER datatype, 2-12
converting to VARCHAR2,			2-63
precision, 2-12
scale, 2-12
number format models, 2-63
number functions,		6-3
numbers
comparison rules, 2-45
floating-point,		2-12, 2-14
in SQL syntax,		2-56
precision of,	2-56
rounding, 2-13
spelling out,	2-75
syntax of, 2-56
NUMERIC datatype (ANSI),			2-36
NUMTODSINTERVAL function,				6-111
NUMTOYMINTERVAL function,				6-112
NVARCHAR2 datatype, 2-11
NVL function,	6-113
NVL2 function,	6-114

O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-83


object access expressions,				4-12
object cache,	10-9, 10-84
OBJECT IDENTIFIER clause
of CREATE TABLE,			15-63
object identifiers
contained in REFs,			2-38
of object views, 16-45
primary key,		15-63
specifying,		15-63
specifying an index on,				15-64
system-generated, 15-63
object instances
types of,	5-19

object privileges

DEBUG,	17-46
FLASHBACK,			17-46
granting,	14-79
multiple,		14-86
on specific columns,					17-34
on a database object
revoking,		17-94
ON COMMIT REFRESH,					17-46
QUERY REWRITE,				17-46
revoking,	17-90
from a role,			17-88, 17-93
from a user,			17-88, 17-92
from PUBLIC, 17-93
UNDER,	17-46
object reference functions,					6-16
object tables
adding rows to,			17-53
as part of hierarchy,				15-63
creating,	15-9, 15-63
querying,	15-63
system-generated column name, 15-63, 15-64,
16-45, 16-49
updating to latest version,						11-36
upgrading,		11-36
object type columns
defining properties
for materialized views,						14-12, 14-13
in a type hierarchy,				15-36
membership in hierarchy,						11-43
modifying properties
for tables,		11-12, 11-43
substitutability,			11-43
object type materialized views
creating,	14-15
object types,	2-38
adding methods to,				12-15
adding new member subprograms, 12-11
allowing object instances of,						16-13
allowing subtypes,				16-13
and subtypes,			12-11
and supertypes,			12-11
attributes,	2-120
in a type hierarchy, 15-36
membership in hierarchy, 11-43
substitutability,				11-43

Index-38

bodies

creating, 16-25 re-creating, 16-28 SQL examples, 16-30

comparison rules, 2-48 MAP function, 2-48

ORDER function,					2-48
compiling the specification and body, 12-10
components of,			2-38
creating,	16-3, 16-5
defining member methods of,							16-25
disassociating statistics types from,								17-15
dropping methods from,						12-15
dropping the body of,					17-18
dropping the specification of,							17-15
evolved, rebuilding references to,								9-102
function subprogram
declaring,		16-30
function subprograms,						12-12, 16-12, 16-28
granting system privileges on,							17-42
handling dependent types, 12-18
incomplete,		16-3, 16-5
inheritance,		16-14
invalidating dependent types,							12-18
MAP methods,			16-17
methods,	2-120
nested table,		16-9
ORDER methods,				16-17
privileges on subtypes,						17-35
procedure subprogram
declaring,		16-30
procedure subprograms,						12-12, 16-12, 16-28
references to. See REFs
root, specifying,			16-11
SQL examples,			16-19
static methods of,				16-13
statistics types,			12-50
subtypes, specifying,					16-11
top-level, 16-11
user-defined
creating,		16-9
values
comparing,			16-30
varrays,	16-8
object views,	16-45

base tables
adding rows, 17-53
creating,	16-45
creating subviews, 16-46
defining,	16-39
querying,	16-45
OBJECT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE_PERCENT
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,		10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-84

OBJECT_CACHE_OPTIMAL_SIZE initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-84

objects. See object types or database objects OF clause

of CREATE VIEW, 16-45 OFFLINE clause

of ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 9-137

of ALTER TABLESPACE,	11-106
of CREATE TABLESPACE,	15-86
OIDINDEX clause
of CREATE TABLE, 15-64
OIDs. See object identifiers

OLAP_PAGE_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-84
ON clause
of CREATE OUTLINE,	14-50
ON COMMIT clause
of CREATE TABLE, 15-27
ON COMMIT REFRESH object privilege,		17-46
on a materialized view,	17-48
ON COMMIT REFRESH system privilege,		17-39
ON DATABASE clause
of CREATE TRIGGER,	15-103
ON DEFAULT clause
of AUDIT, 12-59
of NOAUDIT, 17-84

ON DELETE CASCADE clause of constraints, 7-15

ON DELETE SET NULL clause of constraints, 7-15

ON DIRECTORY clause of AUDIT, 12-59

of NOAUDIT, 17-84

Index-39

ON NESTED TABLE clause
of CREATE TRIGGER,		15-103
ON object clause
of NOAUDIT,	17-84
of REVOKE,	17-94
ON PREBUILT TABLE clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,					14-16
ON SCHEMA clause
of CREATE TRIGGER,		15-103
online backup
of tablespaces, ending,		11-108
ONLINE clause
of ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT,					9-137
of ALTER TABLESPACE,			11-106
of CREATE INDEX, 13-80
of CREATE TABLESPACE,			15-86
online indexes,	13-80
rebuilding, 11-87
ONLINE parameter
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD,				9-75
online redo logs
reinitializing,	9-41
OPEN clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-23
OPEN NORESETLOGS clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-24
OPEN READ ONLY clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-24
OPEN READ WRITE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-23
OPEN RESETLOGS clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-24
OPEN_CURSORS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-85
OPEN_LINKS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-85

OPEN_LINKS_PER_INSTANCE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-85 operands, 3-1

operating system files dropping, 17-12 removing, 9-37

operators, 3-1

adding to indextypes, 9-86

altering,	9-117
arithmetic,		3-3
binary,	3-2
comments on,			12-73
concatenation,			3-4
dropping from indextypes, 9-86
granting
system privileges on,				17-39
precedence,		3-2
set, 3-6, 18-24
specifying implementation of, 14-45
unary,	3-2
user-defined, 3-6
binding to a function,				14-46
creating,		14-44
dropping,		16-88
function providing implementation, 14-47
how bindings are implemented, 14-46
implementation type,				14-46
return type of binding,				14-46
user-defined, compiling,				9-117

OPTIMAL parameter

of STORAGE clause, 7-63 OPTIMIZER_DYNAMIC_SAMPLING initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-86 OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-86 OPTIMIZER_INDEX_CACCHING initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-87 OPTIMIZER_INDEX_CACHING initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-9 OPTIMIZER_INDEX_COST_ADJ initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-87

OPTIMIZER_MAX_PERMUTATIONS initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-87

OPTIMIZER_MODE initialization parameter setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-9

Index-40

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-88
OR condition, 5-8, 5-9
OR REPLACE clause
of CREATE CONTEXT,			13-13
of CREATE DIRECTORY,			13-50
of CREATE FUNCTION,			13-55, 13-99
of CREATE LIBRARY,		14-2
of CREATE OUTLINE,		14-49
of CREATE PACKAGE,			14-53
of CREATE PACKAGE BODY,				14-58
of CREATE PROCEDURE, 14-66
of CREATE TRIGGER,		15-97
of CREATE TYPE,	16-9
of CREATE TYPE BODY,			16-28
of CREATE VIEW,	16-42
Oracle reserved words,	C-1
Oracle Tools
support of SQL, 1-5
ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_NAME
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-88
ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_PATH
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-88
ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_SIZE
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-89

ORACLE_TRACE_ENABLE initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-89

ORACLE_TRACE_FACILITY_NAME initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-89 ORACLE_TRACE_FACILITY_PATH initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-90

Oracle9i Text
built-in conditions,		5-2
CATSEARCH,	5-2
CONTAINS,	5-2
MATCHES, 5-2
Oracle9i Text
CATSEARCH,	5-2
creating domain indexes, 13-85
SCORE operator,		3-2
ORDER BY clause

of queries,	8-10
of SELECT,	8-10, 18-10, 18-25
with ROWNUM, 2-88
ORDER clause
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE
ORDER MEMBER clause
of ALTER TYPE, 12-13
of CREATE TYPE BODY,		16-30
ORDER methods
defining for a type, 16-17
specifying,	12-13
ORDER parameter
of CREATE SEQUENCE,		14-92
ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause
of SELECT,	18-25
ORDERED hint, 2-101
ORDERED_PREDICATES hint,			2-102
ordinal numbers
specifying,	2-75
spelling out,	2-75
ORDSYS.ORDAudio media type,			2-44
ORDSYS.ORDDoc media type, 2-44
ORDSYS.ORDImage media type,			2-44
ORDSYS.ORDVideo media type,			2-44

ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL clause

of CREATE TABLE,	15-30, 15-33
ORGANIZATION HEAP clause
of CREATE TABLE,	15-30

ORGANIZATION INDEX clause of CREATE TABLE, 15-30

OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-90
OS_ROLES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-90
OUT parameter
of CREATE FUNCTION,		13-57
of CREATE PROCEDURE,		14-67
outer joins,	8-12
restrictions, 8-12
outlines
assign to a different category,			9-119
assigning to a different category,				9-118, 9-120
automatically creating and storing,				10-43
copying,	14-50
creating,	14-48

Index-41

creating on statements,			14-50
dropping from the database,					16-90
enabling and disabling dynamically, 14-48
for use by current session,				14-49
for use by PUBLIC,		14-49
granting
system privileges on, 17-39
private, use by the optimizer,					10-15
rebuilding,	9-118, 9-120
recompiling, 9-118
renaming,	9-118, 9-119, 9-120
replacing,	14-49
storing during the session,				10-11
storing groups of,		14-50
use by the optimizer,			10-118
use to generate execution plans,						10-16
used to generate execution plans,						14-48
out-of-line constraints
of CREATE TABLE,		15-26
OVER clause
of analytic functions,			6-10, 6-12
OVERFLOW clause
of ALTER INDEX,		9-68
of ALTER TABLE,		11-40
of CREATE TABLE,		15-32
OVERRIDING clause
of ALTER TYPE, 12-11
of CREATE TYPE,		16-14

package bodies creating, 14-57 re-creating, 14-58

removing from the database, 16-91 packaged procedures

dropping,	16-93
packages
associating statistics with, 12-51, 12-52
avoiding run-time compilation, 9-121
creating, 14-52
disassociating statistics types from, 16-92
invoker rights, 14-54
recompiling explicitly, 9-121
redefining,	14-53

removing from the database,				16-91
specifying schema and privileges of,					14-54
synonyms for,	15-2
PARALLEL clause
of ALTER CLUSTER,			9-7, 9-9
of ALTER DATABASE,			9-28
of ALTER INDEX,		9-64, 9-70
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,					9-95, 9-100
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-112,
9-113
of ALTER TABLE,		11-85
of CREATE CLUSTER,			13-8
of CREATE INDEX,		13-80
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,					14-15,
14-20
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
LOG, 14-37, 14-38
of CREATE TABLE,		15-21, 15-53
parallel execution
hints, 2-103
of DDL statements,		10-4
of DML statements,		10-4
PARALLEL hint,	2-103
parallel joins
and PQ_DISTRIBUTE hint, 2-103
PARALLEL_ADAPTIVE_MULTI_USER
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-91

PARALLEL_AUTOMATIC_TUNING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-91 PARALLEL_ENABLE clause

of CREATE FUNCTION, 13-60 PARALLEL_EXECUTION_MESSAGE_SIZE

initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-92 PARALLEL_INSTANCE_GROUP initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-92

PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-92 PARALLEL_MIN_PERCENT initialization

parameter

Index-42

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-93

PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-93 PARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-94
parameter files
creating, 14-62
parameters
in syntax
optional,	A-4
required,	A-3
PARAMETERS clause
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD,			9-76
of CREATE INDEX,		13-86
PARTITION ... LOB storage clause
of ALTER TABLE,		11-47
PARTITION BY HASH clause
of CREATE TABLE,		15-46
PARTITION BY LIST clause
of CREATE TABLE,		15-48
PARTITION BY RANGE clause
of CREATE TABLE,		15-18, 15-44
PARTITION clause
of ANALYZE, 12-39
of CREATE INDEX,		7-25, 13-82, 15-60
of CREATE TABLE,		15-45
of DELETE,	16-58
of INSERT,	17-59
of LOCK TABLE, 17-74
of UPDATE,	18-63
partition_storage_clause
of ALTER TABLE,		11-14

PARTITION_VIEW_ENABLED initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-94

partitioned indexes, 2-108, 13-65, 13-83

local, creating,	13-69
user-defined,	7-24, 13-81, 15-59
partitioned index-organized tables
secondary indexes, updating, 9-80
partitioned tables,	2-108

partition-extended table names, 2-108

in DML statements,					2-109
restrictions on,				2-109
syntax,	2-109
partitioning
by range,		15-18
clauses
of ALTER INDEX,						9-66
of ALTER TABLE,						11-60
of materialized view logs,							9-113, 14-39
of materialized views,						9-99, 14-9, 14-19
partitions
adding,	11-60
adding rows to,				17-53
allocating extents for,						11-35
based on literal values,						15-48
composite,		2-108
specifying,				15-49
converting into nonpartitioned tables, 11-81
deallocating unused space from,								11-35
dropping,		11-73
exchanging with tables, 11-24
extents
allocating for an index,							9-70
hash, 2-108
adding,		11-71
coalescing,				11-72
specifying,				15-46
index,	13-81
inserting rows into,					17-59
list, adding,			11-72
LOB storage characteristics of,								11-47
locking,	17-73
logging attribute, 15-28
logging insert operations,							11-34
merging,		11-79
modifying,		11-60, 11-62
moving to a different segment,								11-67
physical attributes
changing,			11-32
range,	2-108
adding,		11-69
specifying,				15-44
removing rows from,						11-74, 16-58
renaming,		11-74

Index-43

revising values in, 18-63
splitting, 11-75
storage characteristics,		7-55
tablespace for
defining,	15-28
PASSWORD EXPIRE clause
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE USER, 16-37
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,		9-128
of CREATE PROFILE,		14-76
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,		9-128
of CREATE PROFILE,		14-75
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,		9-128
of CREATE PROFILE,		14-75
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,		9-128
of CREATE PROFILE,		14-75
PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,		9-128
of CREATE PROFILE,		14-75
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,		9-128
of CREATE PROFILE,		14-76
passwords
expiration of,	16-37
grace period,	14-75
guaranteeing complexity, 14-75
limiting use and reuse, 14-75
locking, 14-75
making unavailable,		14-75

parameters

of ALTER PROFILE, 14-76

of CREATE PROFILE,			14-72
special characters in,		14-76
PATH_VIEW, 5-13, 5-20
PCT_ACCESS_DIRECT statistics
for index-organized tables,			12-38
PCTFREE parameter
of ALTER CLUSTER,		9-8
of ALTER INDEX,	9-64, 9-71
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-112
of ALTER TABLE,	11-32

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See

CREATE TABLE.
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW. See
CREATE TABLE.
of CREATE TABLE,	7-53
PCTINCREASE parameter
of STORAGE clause,	7-60
PCTTHRESHOLD parameter
of CREATE TABLE,	11-39, 15-31
PCTUSED parameter
of ALTER CLUSTER,		9-8
of ALTER INDEX,	9-64, 9-71
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG,					9-112
of ALTER TABLE,	11-32
of CREATE INDEX. See CREATE TABLE
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See
CREATE TABLE.
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW. See
CREATE TABLE.
of CREATE TABLE,	7-54
PCTVERSION parameter
of LOB storage, 15-38
of LOB storage clause,		11-46
PERCENT_RANK function, 6-116
PERCENTILE_CONT function,				6-118
PERCENTILE_DISC function,			6-121
performance
optimize for nested loop joins,				10-9
optimizing for index access path, 10-9
session optimizer approach,				10-9
PERMANENT clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE,			11-109
of CREATE TABLESPACE,			15-86
PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-95
physical attributes clause
of ALTER CLUSTER,		9-7
of ALTER INDEX,	9-64, 9-71
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG,					9-112
of ALTER TABLE,	11-32
of CREATE CLUSTER,		13-3
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 14-11
of CREATE TABLE,	15-16, 15-27
physical standby database

Index-44

activating,	9-43
PIPELINED clause
of CREATE FUNCTION,		13-60
plan stability,	14-48
PLAN_TABLE sample table,		17-24
PL/SQL
compatibility with earlier releases, 10-98

program body

of CREATE FUNCTION, 13-62 PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-9
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-95
PLSQL_DEBUG session parameter,	10-13

PLSQL_NATIVE_C_COMPILER initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-96 PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-96
PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_SUBDIR_COUNT
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-96

PLSQL_NATIVE_LINKER initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-97

PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_FILE_NAME initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-97 PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_UTILITY initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-97 PLSQL_V2_COMPATIBILITY initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-98
P.M. datetime format element,			2-69, 2-73
PM datetime format element,			2-69, 2-73
POWER function,	6-122
PQ_DISTRIBUTE hint,		2-103
PR number format element, 2-64
PRAGMA clause
of ALTER TYPE,	12-12
of CREATE TYPE,		16-8, 16-16
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 12-12
PRE_PAGE_SGA initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-98
precedence

of conditions,		5-3
of operators,		3-2
precision
number of digits of,			2-56
of NUMBER datatype,					2-12
precompilers
Oracle,	1-4
PRIMARY KEY clause
of constraints,		7-13
of CREATE TABLE,			15-26
primary key constraints,				7-13
enabling,	15-57
index on,	15-58
primary keys
generating values for,				14-89
PRIOR clause
of hierarchical queries,					8-3
PRIVATE clause
of CREATE OUTLINE,					14-49
private outlines
use by the optimizer,				10-15
PRIVATE_SGA parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,				9-128
of ALTER RESOURCE COST,						9-132
privileges
on subtypes of object types,						17-35
revoking from a grantee,					17-90
See also system privileges or object privileges
procedures
3GL, calling,		14-2
avoid run-time compilation,						9-125
calling,	12-68
compile explicitly,			9-125
creating,	14-62, 14-64
declaring
as a Java method,				14-68
as C functions,			14-68
executing, 12-68
external,	14-62, 14-64
running from remote database, 14-3
granting
system privileges on,					17-39

invalidating local objects dependent on, 16-93 issuing COMMIT or ROLLBACK

statements, 10-3

Index-45

naming rules,			2-114
privileges executed with,						12-14, 16-10
recompiling,			9-124
re-creating, 14-66
removing from the database,							16-93
schema executed in,				12-14, 16-10
specifying schema and privileges for,								14-68
synonyms for,			15-2
PROCESSES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,							10-98
PROFILE clause
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE USER,				16-36
profiles
adding resource limits,						9-127
assigning to a user,				16-36
changing resource limits,						9-127
creating,	14-71
examples,			14-76
deassigning from users,						16-95
dropping resource limits, 9-127
granting
system privileges on,						17-40
modifying, examples,					9-129
removing from the database,							16-95
proxy clause
of ALTER USER, 12-24, 12-26
pseudocolumns,			2-82
CURRVAL,		2-82
LEVEL, 2-86
NEXTVAL,		2-82
ROWID,	2-87
ROWNUM,		2-88
uses for,		2-89
SYS_NC_ROWINFO$,					15-63, 15-64, 16-45, 16-49
XMLDATA,		2-89
PUBLIC clause
of CREATE OUTLINE,						14-49
of CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT,								14-83
of CREATE SYNONYM,						15-3
of DROP DATABASE LINK,							16-70
public database links
dropping,	16-70
public rollback segments,					14-83
public synonyms,			15-3

dropping, 17-4 PUSH_PRED hint, 2-104

Q datetime format element, 2-69
queries, 8-2, 18-4
comments in,	8-3
compound,	8-10
correlated
left correlation, 18-17
defined, 8-2
distributed,	8-16

grouping returned rows on a value, 18-21 hierarchical. See hierarchical queries

hierarchical, ordering,			18-25
hints in,	8-3
join, 8-10, 18-18
locking rows during, 18-26
of past data, 18-14
ordering returned rows,			18-25
outer joins in,		18-17
referencing multiple tables, 8-10
select lists of,		8-2
selecting from a random sample of rows, 18-15
sorting results,		8-10
syntax,	8-2
top-level, 8-2
top-N, 2-88
query rewrite
and dimensions, 13-43
and function-based indexes,				10-10
and rule-based optimization,				10-10
defined,	18-4
disabling, 10-99
enabling,	10-99
enabling and disabling,			10-10
QUERY REWRITE object privilege,					17-46
on a materialized view,			17-48
QUERY REWRITE system privilege,					17-38
QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,				10-10
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-99

QUERY_REWRITE_INTEGRITY initialization

Index-46

parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-10

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-99
QUIESCE RESTRICTED clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,	10-29
QUOTA clause
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE USER,	16-36

range conditions, 5-12
range partitions
adding,	11-69
creating,	15-44
values of,	15-45
RANK function, 6-123
RATIO_TO_REPORT function,			6-125
RAW datatype, 2-27
converting from CHAR data,			2-28
RAWTOHEX function,		6-126
RAWTONHEX function,		6-126

RDBMS_SERVER_DN initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-99
READ object privilege, 17-46
on a materialized directory,	17-49
READ ONLY clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE,	11-108
READ WRITE clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE,	11-108

READ_ONLY_OPEN_DELAYED initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-100

REAL datatype (ANSI),	2-36
REBUILD clause
of ALTER INDEX,	9-65, 9-72
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-102
of ALTER OUTLINE, 9-118
REBUILD PARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX,	9-73
REBUILD SUBPARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX,	9-73

REBUILD UNUSABLE LOCAL INDEXES clause of ALTER TABLE, 11-84

rebuilding, 9-102

RECOVER AUTOMATIC clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-26
RECOVER CANCEL clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-13, 9-29
RECOVER clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-25
RECOVER CONTINUE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-13, 9-29
RECOVER DATABASE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-13, 9-26
RECOVER DATAFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-13, 9-27
RECOVER LOGFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-13, 9-28
RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE
clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-15
RECOVER STANDBY DATAFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-27
RECOVER STANDBY TABLESPACE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-27
RECOVER TABLESPACE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-13, 9-27
RECOVERABLE, 9-72, 15-30
See also LOGGING clause
recovery
discarding data, 9-23
distributed, enabling,		10-27
instance, continue after interruption,				9-25
media, designing, 9-25
media, performing ongoing, 9-29
of database,	9-13
parallelizing,	9-28
recovery clauses
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-13
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER role,				17-45
RECOVERY_PARALLELISM initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-100
redo allocation latch
avoiding high contention,			10-75
redo log files
specifying,	7-39
specifying for a controlfile,			13-17
redo logs, 9-23

Index-47


adding,	9-37, 9-38
applying to logical standby database,							9-46
archive location, 10-25
automatic archiving,					10-23
starting,		10-25
stopping,			10-25
automatic name generation,						9-25, 9-26
clearing, 9-37
disabling specified threads in a cluster
database,			9-51
dropping,		9-37, 9-39
enabling and disabling thread, 9-37
enabling specified threads in a cluster
database,			9-50
manual archiving,				10-23
all,	10-25
by group number,					10-24
by SCN,		10-23
current,		10-24
next,	10-25
with sequence numbers,						10-23
members
adding to existing groups,						9-39
dropping,			9-40
renaming,			9-37
remove changes from,					9-23
reusing,	7-41
size of,	7-41
specifying,		7-39, 13-27
for media recovery,					9-28
specifying archive mode, 13-29
switching groups,				10-29
threads,	10-23
REF columns
rescoping,		9-102
specifying,		15-26
specifying from table or column level,							15-26
REF constraints
defining scope, for materialized views,							9-97
of ALTER TABLE,				11-43
REF function,		6-127
REFERENCES clause
of CREATE TABLE,				15-26
REFERENCES object privilege,						17-46
on a table,		17-47

on a view,	17-47
REFERENCING clause
of CREATE TRIGGER,				15-97, 15-104
referential integrity constraints,					7-14
REFRESH clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,						9-98, 9-102
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,						14-11
REFRESH COMPLETE clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,						9-103
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,						14-21
REFRESH FAST clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,						9-102
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,						14-21
REFRESH FORCE clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,						9-103
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,						14-21
REFRESH ON COMMIT clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,						9-103
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,						14-21
REFRESH ON DEMAND clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,						9-104
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,						14-21
REFs, 2-38, 7-16
as containers for OIDs,				2-38
dangling,	12-43
updating,	12-43
validating,	12-43
REFTOHEX function,		6-128
REGISTER clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,			10-31
REGISTER LOGFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,				9-45
REGR_AVGX function,			6-129
REGR_AVGY function,			6-129
REGR_COUNT function,				6-129
REGR_INTERCEPT function,					6-129
REGR_R2 function,		6-129
REGR_SLOPE function,			6-129
REGR_SXX function,		6-129
REGR_SXY function,		6-129
REGR_SYY function,		6-129
relational tables
creating,	15-8, 15-23
RELY clause

of constraints, 7-22

Index-48

REMOTE_ARCHIVE_ENABLE initialization				setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-102
parameter				reserved words, 2-111, C-1
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-100	RESET COMPATIBILITY clause
REMOTE_DEPENDENCIES_MODE initialization				of ALTER DATABASE,		9-50
parameter				reset sequence of,	9-23
setting with ALTER SESSION,			10-10	RESETLOGS parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-101	of CREATE CONTROLFILE,			13-18
REMOTE_LISTENER initialization parameter				RESOLVE clause
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-101	of ALTER JAVA CLASS,		9-88
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE initialization				of CREATE JAVA, 13-100
parameter				RESOLVER clause
and control files,	13-16			of ALTER JAVA CLASS,		9-88
and databases, 13-24				of ALTER JAVA SOURCE, 9-88
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-101	of CREATE JAVA, 13-102
REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT initialization parameter				Resource Manager,	10-29
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-102	resource parameters
REMOTE_OS_ROLES initialization parameter				of CREATE PROFILE, 14-72
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-102	RESOURCE role, 17-45
RENAME clause				RESOURCE_LIMIT initialization parameter
of ALTER INDEX,	9-78			setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-102
of ALTER OUTLINE, 9-119				RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN initialization
of ALTER TABLE,	11-38			parameter
of ALTER TRIGGER, 12-3				setting with ALTER SYSTEM,			10-103
RENAME CONSTRAINT clause				RESOURCE_VIEW,	5-13, 5-20
of ALTER TABLE,	11-59			response time
RENAME DATAFILE clause				optimizing, 2-96
of ALTER TABLESPACE,		11-104		RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma
RENAME FILE clause				of ALTER TYPE,	12-12
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-12, 9-37		restricted rowids,	2-34
RENAME GLOBAL_NAME clause				compatibility and migration of, 2-35
of ALTER DATABASE,		9-51		RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege, 17-37,
RENAME PARTITION clause				17-40
of ALTER INDEX,	9-67, 9-81			resumable space allocation,		10-6
of ALTER TABLE,	11-74			RESUMABLE system privilege,			17-44
RENAME statement,	17-86			RESUME clause
RENAME SUBPARTITION clause				of ALTER SYSTEM, 10-29
of ALTER INDEX,	9-67, 9-81			RETENTION parameter
of ALTER TABLE,	11-74			of LOB storage,	15-39
REPLACE AS OBJECT clause				RETURN clause
of ALTER TYPE,	12-11			of CREATE FUNCTION,		13-57
REPLACE function,	6-137			of CREATE OPERATOR,		14-46
replication				of CREATE TYPE, 16-14
row-level dependency tracking,			13-9, 15-54	of CREATE TYPE BODY,		16-30
REPLICATION_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING				RETURNING clause
initialization parameter				of DELETE, 16-61

Index-49

of INSERT, 17-55, 17-62
of UPDATE,	18-61, 18-67
REUSE clause
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 13-18
of file specifications,			7-41
REUSE SETTINGS clause
of ALTER FUNCTION,				9-60
of ALTER PACKAGE,				9-122
of ALTER PROCEDURE,					9-125
of ALTER TRIGGER,			12-4
of ALTER TYPE,		12-11
REVERSE clause
of CREATE INDEX,			13-79
reverse indexes,	13-79
REVERSE parameter
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 9-74
REVOKE clause
of ALTER USER,		12-27
REVOKE CONNECT THROUGH clause
of ALTER USER,		12-24, 12-26
REVOKE statement,		17-88
REWRITE hint,	2-104
right outer joins,	18-18
RM datetime format element,					2-69
RN number format element,					2-64
RNDS attribute
of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES,						16-16
RNPS attribute
of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES,						16-16
roles
application,	9-135
AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE, 17-45
AQ_USER_ROLE, 17-45
authorization
by a password,		14-80
by an external service,					14-80
by the database,			14-80
by the enterprise directory service, 14-80
changing,	9-134
CONNECT,	17-45
creating, 14-79
DBA, 17-45
DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE, 17-45
disabling
for the current session,					18-47, 18-48

effect on user sessions,					9-135
enabling
for the current session,						18-47, 18-48
EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE, 17-45
EXP_FULL_DATABASE, 17-45
granting,	17-29
system privileges on,						17-40
to a user,		17-32
to another role,				17-32
to PUBLIC,			17-32
HS_ADMIN_ROLE, 17-45
identifying by password,						14-80
identifying externally,					14-80
identifying through enterprise directory
service,		14-80
identifying using a package,							14-80
IMP_FULL_DATABASE, 17-45
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER, 17-45
removing from the database,							16-97
RESOURCE,		17-45
revoking,	17-88
from another role,					16-97, 17-91
from PUBLIC, 17-91
from users,			16-97, 17-91
SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE, 17-45
SNMPAGENT,			17-45
rollback segments
bringing online,			9-136, 9-137
changing storage characteristics, 9-136, 9-137
creating,	14-82
granting
system privileges on,						17-40
public, 14-83
reducing size,			9-136, 9-138
removing from the database,							16-98
specifying optimal size of,						7-63
specifying tablespaces for,						14-84
SQL examples,			14-85
storage characteristics,					14-84
system-generated, 14-82
taking offline,			9-136, 9-137
ROLLBACK statement,				17-99
rollback undo,		9-136, 13-33

ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-103

Index-50

ROLLUP clause
of SELECT statements,		18-22
ROUND function
date function,	6-139
format models,	6-221
number function, 6-138
routines
calling, 12-68
executing, 12-68
ROW EXCLUSIVE lock mode, 17-75
ROW SHARE lock mode,		17-75

ROW_LOCKING initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-104

ROW_NUMBER function,				6-139
ROWDEPENDENCIES clause
of CREATE CLUSTER,				13-9
of CREATE TABLE,			15-54
ROWID datatype,		2-33
ROWID hint,	2-104
ROWID pseudocolumn,			2-33, 2-35, 2-87
rowids
block portion of,		2-34
description of,		2-33
extended,	2-34
base 64,	2-34
not directly available,				2-34
file portion of,		2-34
nonphysical, 2-35
of foreign tables, 2-35
of index-organized tables, 2-35
restricted,	2-34
compatibility and migration of, 2-35
row portion of,		2-34
uses for, 2-87
ROWIDTOCHAR function,				6-141

ROWIDTONCHAR function, 6-141 row-level dependency tracking, 13-9, 15-54 ROWNUM pseudocolumn, 2-88

uses for, 2-89
rows
adding to a table,	17-53
allowing movement of between
partitions, 15-15
inserting
into partitions,	17-59

into remote databases,				17-59
into subpartitions, 17-59
movement between partitions,					15-60
removing
from a cluster,			18-54
from a table,			18-54
from partitions and subpartitions,						16-58
from tables and views,				16-55
selecting in hierarchical order,					8-3
specifying constraints on,				7-15
storing if in violation of constraints,						11-82
RPAD function,		6-142
RR datetime format element,				2-69, 2-73
RRRR datetime format element,					2-69
RTRIM function,		6-143
RULE hint,	2-105
run-time compilation
avoiding,	9-124, 12-31

S number format element,					2-64
SAMPLE clause
of SELECT,		18-15
of SELECT and subqueries,						18-7
SAVEPOINT statement,					18-2
savepoints
erasing,	12-75
rolling back to,			17-100
specifying,		18-2
scalar subqueries,			4-13
scalar subquery expressions,						4-13
scale
greater than precision,					2-13
negative,	2-13
of NUMBER datatype,					2-12
SCC datetime format element,						2-69
SCHEMA clause
of CREATE JAVA,				13-101
schema objects,		2-106
auditing
options,		12-64
defining default buffer pool for, 7-63
dropping,	17-20
in other schemas,				2-117

Index-51

list of, 2-106
name resolution,			2-116
namespaces,		2-112
naming
examples,		2-114
guidelines,		2-114
rules,	2-110
object types,		2-38
on remote databases,					2-118
partitioned indexes,				2-108
partitioned tables,				2-108
parts of,	2-108
protecting location,				15-2
protecting owner,			15-2
providing alternate names for, 15-2
reauthorizing,		9-2
recompiling,		9-2
referring to, 2-115, 10-11
remote, accessing,				13-37
validating structure,				12-43
schemas
changing for a session,					10-11
creating,	14-86
definition of,		2-106
scientific notation, 2-65
SCOPE FOR clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,						9-97
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,						14-16
SCORE operator,		3-2
security
enforcing,	15-95
segment attributes clause
of CREATE TABLE,				15-15

SEGMENT MANAGEMENT FREELISTS clause of CREATE TABLESPACE, 15-88

SEGMENT MANAGEMENT PAGETABLE clause of CREATE TABLESPACE, 15-88

segments

space management automatic, 15-88

manual, 15-88
using bitmaps,	15-88
using free lists,	15-88

SELECT ANY DICTIONARY system privilege, 17-44

SELECT ANY SEQUENCE system privilege, 17-40

SELECT ANY TABLE system privilege,							17-41
select lists,	8-2
ordering,		8-10
SELECT object privilege,				17-46
on a materialized view,					17-48
on a sequence,			17-48
on a table,		17-47
on a view,		17-47
SELECT statement,			8-2, 18-4
SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE role,						17-45
self joins,	8-11
sequences,	2-82, 14-89
accessing values of, 14-89
changing
the increment value,					9-140
creating,		14-89
creating without limit,				14-91
granting
system privileges on,					17-40
guarantee consecutive values,						14-92
how to use, 2-84
increment value, setting,					14-91
incrementing, 14-89
initial value, setting,				14-91
maximum value
eliminating,			9-140
setting,		14-91
setting or changing,					9-140
minimum value
eliminating,			9-140
setting,		14-92
setting or changing,					9-140
number of cached values, changing,							9-140
ordering values,			9-140
preallocating values,				14-92
recycling values,			9-140
removing from the database,						17-2
renaming,		17-86
restarting,		17-2
at a different number,					9-141
at a predefined limit,					14-91
values,		14-92
reusing,		14-89
stopping at a predefined limit,						14-91

Index-52

synonyms for,	15-2
where to use,	2-83
SERIAL_REUSE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-104
server parameter files
creating, 14-94
SERVERERROR event
triggers on, 15-102
service name
of remote database, 13-40

SERVICE_NAMES initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-104

session control statements, 9-4

PL/SQL support of,	9-4
session locks
releasing, 10-27
session parameters
changing settings,	10-10

INSTANCE, 10-12 PLSQL_DEBUG, 10-13

SESSION_CACHED_CURSORS initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-10
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-105

SESSION_MAX_OPEN_FILES initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,						10-105
SESSION_ROLES view,		18-47
sessions
affecting with roles,		9-135
calculating resource cost limits,						9-131
changing resource cost limits,						9-131
disconnecting, 10-26
global name resolution for,					10-8
limiting CPU time,		9-131
limiting data block reads,				9-132
limiting inactive periods,				9-127
limiting private SGA space,					9-132
limiting resource costs,			9-131
limiting total elapsed time,					9-132
limiting total resources,			9-127
modifying characteristics of,					10-6
number of concurrent,			10-66
object cache,	10-9
restricting,	10-29

restricting to privileged users,				10-28
switching to a different instance, 10-12
terminating,		10-27
time zone setting, 10-14
SESSIONS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-106
SESSIONS_PER_USER parameter
of ALTER PROFILE,			9-128
SESSIONTIMEZONE function,				6-143
SET clause
of ALTER SESSION,			10-6
of ALTER SYSTEM,			10-31
of UPDATE,		18-65
SET CONSTRAINT(S) statement,				18-45
SET DANGLING TO NULL clause
of ANALYZE,		12-43
SET DATABASE clause
of CREATE CONTROLFILE,				13-18
set operators,	3-6, 18-24
INTERSECT,		3-6
MINUS,	3-6
UNION,	3-6
UNION ALL,		3-6
SET ROLE statement,			18-47
SET STANDBY DATABASE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 9-44
SET STATEMENT_ID clause
of EXPLAIN PLAN,			17-26
SET TIME_ZONE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 9-22, 9-48
of ALTER SESSION,			10-14
of CREATE DATABASE, 13-26
SET TRANSACTION statement,				18-50
SET UNUSED clause
of ALTER TABLE,			11-52
SGA. See system global area (SGA)

SGA_MAX_SIZE initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-106

SHADOW_CORE_DUMP initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-106

SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE lock mode, 17-75 SHARE UPDATE lock mode, 17-75 SHARED clause

of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 13-38 shared pool

Index-53

flushing, 10-28 shared server

parameters DISPATCHERS, 10-53

processes

creating additional, 10-108 terminating, 10-108

system parameters, 10-108 SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-107 SHARED_POOL_RESERVED_SIZE initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-107 SHARED_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-107 SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-109 SHARED_SERVERS initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-108

SHRINK clause

of ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 9-138 SHUTDOWN clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 10-30 SHUTDOWN event

triggers on, 15-102 siblings

ordering in a hierarchical query, 18-25 SIGN function, 6-144

simple comparison conditions, 5-5

simple expressions,		4-3
SIN function,	6-145
SINGLE TABLE clause
of CREATE CLUSTER,				13-7
single-row functions,			6-3
miscellaneous,		6-7
single-table insert,		17-57
SINH function,	6-145
SIZE clause
of ALTER CLUSTER,				9-8
of CREATE CLUSTER,				13-5
of file specifications,			7-41

SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES session parameter, 10-13

SMALLINT datatype ANSI, 2-36 DB2, 2-37 SQL/DS, 2-37

SNMPAGENT role, 17-45 SOME operator, 5-5

sort operations

changing linguistic sequence, 10-9 SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-10
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-109

SORT_AREA_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,		10-10
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-110
SOUNDEX function,	6-146
SP datetime format element suffix,		2-75
special characters
in passwords, 14-76
SPECIFICATION clause
of ALTER PACKAGE, 9-121
spelled numbers
specifying, 2-75
SPFILE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-110
SPLIT PARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX,	9-67, 9-81
of ALTER TABLE,	11-75

SPTH datetime format element suffix, 2-75 SQL functions

ABS, 6-17

ACOS, 6-17 ADD_MONTHS, 6-18 aggregate, 6-8 analytic, 6-10

applied to LOB columns, 6-2 ASCII, 6-18

ASCIISTR, 6-19 ASIN, 6-20 ATAN, 6-21 ATAN2, 6-21 AVG, 6-22 BFILENAME, 6-23

BIN_TO_NUM, 6-25 BITAND, 6-25

Index-54

CAST,	6-27
CEIL,	6-30
character
returning character values,				6-4
returning number values,				6-5
CHARTOROWID, 6-30
CHR,	6-31
COALESCE,		6-33
COMPOSE,		6-34
CONCAT, 6-35
conversion,		6-6
CONVERT,		6-36
CORR,	6-37
COS, 6-39
COSH,	6-40
COUNT, 6-40
COVAR_POP, 6-42
COVAR_SAMP, 6-44
CUME_DIST, 6-47
CURRRENT_DATE, 6-49
CURRRENT_TIMESTAMP, 6-50
date, 6-5
DBTIMEZONE,			6-51
DECOMPOSE,			6-53
DENSE_RANK, 6-55
DEREF,	6-58
DUMP,	6-59
EMPTY_BLOB, 6-61
EMPTY_CLOB, 6-61
EXISTSNODE,			6-61
EXP, 6-62
EXTRACT (datetime), 6-63
EXTRACT (XML), 6-65
EXTRACTXML,			6-66
FIRST,	6-67
FIRST_VALUE, 6-69
FLOOR, 6-71
FROM_TZ, 6-71
GREATEST,		6-72
GROUP_ID, 6-72
GROUPING,		6-74
GROUPING_ID, 6-75
HEXTORAW,			6-77
INITCAP, 6-77
INSTR,	6-78

INSTR2, 6-78

INSTR4, 6-78

INSTRB, 6-78

INSTRC, 6-78 LAG, 6-80 LAST, 6-81 LAST_DAY, 6-83

LAST_VALUE, 6-84 LEAD, 6-86 LEAST, 6-87 LENGTH, 6-88 LENGTH2, 6-88 LENGTH4, 6-88 LENGTHB, 6-88 LENGTHC, 6-88

linear regression, 6-129 LN, 6-89 LOCALTIMESTAMP, 6-90 LOG, 6-91

LOWER, 6-91

LPAD, 6-92

LTRIM, 6-93 MAKE_REF, 6-94 MAX, 6-95

MIN, 6-97

MOD, 6-98 MONTHS_BETWEEN, 6-99 NCHR, 6-100

NEW_TIME, 6-100

NEXT_DAY, 6-102 NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN, 6-102 NLS_CHARSET_ID, 6-103 NLS_CHARSET_NAME, 6-104 NLS_INITCAP, 6-104 NLS_LOWER, 6-106

NLS_UPPER, 6-108 NLSSORT, 6-107 NLV2, 6-114 NTILE, 6-109 NULLIF, 6-110 number, 6-3

NUMTODSINTERVAL, 6-111 NUMTOYMINTERVAL, 6-112 NVL, 6-113

object reference, 6-16

Index-55

PERCENT_RANK, 6-116 PERCENTILE_CONT, 6-118 PERCENTILE_DISC, 6-121 POWER, 6-122

RANK, 6-123 RATIO_TO_REPORT, 6-125 RAWTOHEX, 6-126 RAWTONHEX, 6-126

REF, 6-127 REFTOHEX, 6-128 REGR_AVGX, 6-129 REGR_AVGY, 6-129 REGR_COUNT, 6-129

REGR_INTERCEPT, 6-129 REGR_R2, 6-129 REGR_SLOPE, 6-129 REGR_SXX, 6-129 REGR_SXY, 6-129 REGR_SYY, 6-129 REPLACE, 6-137 ROUND (date), 6-139 ROUND (number), 6-138 ROW_NUMBER, 6-139 ROWIDTOCHAR, 6-141 ROWIDTONCHAR, 6-141 RPAD, 6-142

RTRIM, 6-143 SESSIONTIMEZONE, 6-143 SIGN, 6-144

SIN, 6-145 single-row, 6-3

miscellaneous, 6-7 SINH, 6-145 SOUNDEX, 6-146 SQRT, 6-147 STDDEV, 6-148 STDDEV_POP, 6-149 STDDEV_SAMP, 6-151 SUBSTR, 6-152 SUBSTR2, 6-152 SUBSTR4, 6-152 SUBSTRB, 6-152 SUBSTRC, 6-152 SUM, 6-154

SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH, 6-155

SYS_CONTEXT, 6-156

SYS_DBURIGEN, 6-161 SYS_EXTRACT_UTC, 6-162 SYS_GUID, 6-163 SYS_TYPEID, 6-164 SYS_XMLAGG, 6-165 SYS_XMLGEN, 6-166 SYSDATE, 6-167 SYSTIMESTAMP, 6-168 TAN, 6-169

TANH, 6-169

TO_CHAR (character), 6-170 TO_CHAR (datetime), 6-171 TO_CHAR (number), 6-173 TO_CLOB, 6-175 TO_DATE, 6-175 TO_DSINTERVAL, 6-177 TO_LOB, 6-178 TO_MULTI_BYTE, 6-179

TO_NCHAR (character), 6-180 TO_NCHAR (datetime), 6-181 TO_NCHAR (number), 6-182 TO_NCLOB, 6-182 TO_NUMBER, 6-183 TO_SINGLE_BYTE, 6-184 TO_TIMESTAMP, 6-185 TO_YMINTERVAL, 6-187 TRANSLATE, 6-188 TRANSLATE...USING, 6-189 TREAT, 6-191

TRIM, 6-192 TRUNC (date), 6-194

TRUNC (number), 6-194 TZ_OFFSET, 6-195 UID, 6-196

UNISTR, 6-196 UPDATEXML, 6-197 UPPER, 6-199 USER, 6-199 USERENV, 6-200 VALUE, 6-202 VAR_POP, 6-202 VAR_SAMP, 6-204 VARIANCE, 6-206 VSIZE, 6-207

Index-56

WIDTH_BUCKET, 6-208
SQL statements
auditing
by access,				12-59
by proxy,				12-58
by session,				12-59
by user,			12-57
stopping,				17-81
successful,				12-60
DDL,	9-2
determining the execution plan for,									17-24
DML,	9-3
organization of,					9-4
rolling back,				17-99
session control,					9-4
space allocation, resumable,								10-6
suspending and completing,								10-6
system control,					9-4
tracking the occurrence in a session,									12-54
transaction control,						9-3
type of,		9-2
undoing,		17-99
SQL*Loader inserts, logging,							9-71
SQL:99 standards,					1-2
SQL_TRACE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,								10-111
SQL_TRACE session parameter,								10-14
SQL92_SECURITY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,								10-111
SQLData Java storage format,							16-11
SQL/DS datatypes,					2-36
conversion to Oracle datatypes, 2-37
implicit conversion,						2-37
restrictions on,					2-37
SQLJ object types
creating,		16-11
mapping a Java class to, 16-12
SQRT function,				6-147
SS datetime format element,							2-69
SSSSS datetime format element,								2-69
standalone procedures
dropping,			16-93
standard SQL,			B-1
Oracle extensions to,						B-11
standby database

recovering,	9-27
standby databases
activating,	9-43
applying archive logs, 9-31
committing to primary status, 9-45

controlling use, 9-51

designing media recovery, 9-25 mounting, 9-23

recovering, 9-26, 9-27 STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST initialization

parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-111 STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT initialization

parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-112
star transformation, 2-105
STAR_TRANSFORMATION hint,	2-105
STAR_TRANSFORMATION_ENABLED
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-10
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-112

START LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY clause

of ALTER DATABASE,				9-46
START WITH clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED
VIEW...REFRESH, 9-104
of queries and subqueries,					18-21
of SELECT and subqueries,					18-8
START WITH parameter
of CREATE SEQUENCE,					14-91
STARTUP event
triggers on,	15-102
startup_clauses
of ALTER DATABASE,				9-13
STATIC clause
of ALTER TYPE,		12-12
of CREATE TYPE,			16-13
of CREATE TYPE BODY,					16-28
statistics
collection during index rebuild,						9-72
computing exactly,			12-39
deleting from the data dictionary,						12-46
estimating,	12-42
forcing disassociation,				16-66
on index usage,		9-78

Index-57

on indexes,	13-80
on scalar object attributes
collecting,	12-34
on schema objects
collecting,	12-34
deleting,	12-34
user-defined
dropping,	16-78, 16-79, 16-92, 17-7, 17-15
statistics types
associating
with columns,			12-52
associating with datatypes,					12-51, 12-52
associating with domain indexes, 12-51, 12-52
associating with functions,					12-51, 12-52
associating with indextypes,					12-51, 12-52
associating with packages,					12-51, 12-52
disassociating
from columns,			16-64
from domain indexes, 16-64
from functions,			16-64
from indextypes, 16-64
from packages,			16-64
from types,		16-64
STATISTICS_LEVEL initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,						10-10
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,						10-112
STDDEV function,		6-148
STDDEV_POP function,				6-149
STDDEV_SAMP function,				6-151
STOP LOGICAL STANDBY clause
of ALTER DATABASE,				9-47
STORAGE clause
of ALTER CLUSTER,				9-8

of ALTER INDEX, 9-64, 9-71

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-112

of ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 9-136, 9-137

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW

LOG, 14-37

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See

CREATE TABLE

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW. See

CREATE TABLE.

of CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENTS, 14-84

of CREATE TABLE, 7-55, 15-11

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 15-82

STORAGE IN ROW clause
of ALTER TABLE,				11-46
storage parameters
default, changing,				11-106
resetting,	18-54
STORE IN clause
of ALTER TABLE,				11-40, 15-47
stored functions,			13-52
strings
converting to ASCII values,						6-19
converting to unicode,					6-34
Structured Query Language (SQL)
description,		1-2
embedded,		1-4
functions,		6-2
keywords,		A-3
Oracle Tools support of,					1-5
parameters,		A-3
standards,		1-2, B-1
statements
auditing,			12-60
determining the cost of,						17-24
syntax,	9-4, A-1
SUBPARTITION BY HASH clause
of CREATE TABLE,				15-19, 15-50
SUBPARTITION BY LIST clause
of CREATE TABLE,				15-51
SUBPARTITION clause
of ANALYZE,			12-39
of DELETE,		16-58
of INSERT,		17-59
of LOCK TABLE, 17-74
of UPDATE,			18-63
subpartition template
creating,	11-62
replacing,		11-62

subpartition-extended table names, 2-108

in DML statements,			2-109
restrictions on,		2-109
syntax,	2-109
subpartitions
adding,	11-63
adding rows to,		17-53
allocating extents for,			11-35, 11-66
coalescing, 11-64

Index-58

converting into nonpartitioned tables, 11-81


creating,			15-19
creating a template for,							11-62, 15-49
deallocating unused space from, 11-35, 11-66
exchanging with tables,							11-24
hash,	15-50
inserting rows into,						17-59
list,	15-51
list, adding,				11-63
locking,			17-73
logging insert operations, 11-34
moving to a different segment,								11-68
physical attributes
changing,				11-32
removing rows from, 11-74, 16-58
renaming,			11-74
revising values in,						18-63
specifying,				15-49
template, creating,						15-49
template, dropping,						11-62
template, replacing,						11-62
subqueries,			8-2, 8-13, 18-4
assigning names to,						18-10
containing subqueries,							8-14
correlated,				8-14
defined,			8-2
extended subquery unnesting,								8-15
factoring of,				18-10
inline views,				8-13
nested,		8-13
of past data,				18-14
scalar,		4-13
used as expressions,							4-13
to insert table data,						15-61
unnesting,				8-15
using in place of expressions,								4-13
SUBSTR function,					6-152
SUBSTR2 function,					6-152
SUBSTR4 function,					6-152
SUBSTRB function,					6-152
SUBSTRC function,					6-152
subtotal values
deriving,			18-22
subtypes,		12-11
dropping safely,					17-16

SUM function,			6-154
supertypes,		12-11
supplemental logging
identification key (full),							9-40
minimal,		9-40
SUSPEND clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,						10-29
sustained standby recovery mode,									9-29
SWITCH LOGFILE clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,						10-29
SYEAR datetime format element,									2-69
synonyms
changing the definition of, 17-4
creating,		15-2
granting
system privileges on,							17-41
local,	15-5
private, dropping,					17-4
public,		15-3
dropping,				17-4
remote,		15-5
removing from the database,								17-4
renaming,			17-86, 17-87
synonyms for,				15-2
syntax diagrams,				A-1
loops,	A-4
multipart diagrams,						A-5
SYS schema
auditing,		10-35
database triggers stored in,								15-106
functions stored in,					15-106
SYS user
assigning password for,							13-27
SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function,										6-155
SYS_CONTEXT function,							6-156
SYS_DBURIGEN function,							6-161
SYS_EXTRACT_UTC function,								6-162
SYS_GUID function,					6-163
SYS_NC_ROWINFO$ column,								15-63, 15-64, 16-45,
16-48
SYS_NC_ROWINFO$ pseudocolumn,										15-63, 15-64,
16-45, 16-49
SYS_TYPEID function,						6-164
SYS_XMLAGG function,						6-165
SYS_XMLGEN function,						6-166

Index-59

SYSDATE function,			6-167
SYSDBA system privilege,					17-44
SYSOPER system privilege,					17-44
system control statements,					9-4
PL/SQL support of,				9-4
system date
altering,	10-59
system events
attributes of,		15-106
triggers on,		15-102
system global area
flushing,	10-28
updating,	10-26
system privileges
ADMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER,								17-42
ALTER ANY CLUSTER,					17-36
ALTER ANY DIMENSION,							17-37
ALTER ANY INDEX,				17-38
ALTER ANY INDEXTYPE,							17-38
ALTER ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW,								17-38
ALTER ANY OUTLINE,					17-39
ALTER ANY PROCEDURE,							17-39
ALTER ANY ROLE,				17-40
ALTER ANY SEQUENCE,						17-40
ALTER ANY TABLE,				17-41
ALTER ANY TRIGGER,					17-42
ALTER ANY TYPE,				17-42
ALTER DATABASE,				17-37
ALTER PROFILE,			17-40
ALTER RESOURCE COST,							17-40
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 17-40
ALTER SESSION,			17-40
ALTER SYSTEM,			17-37
ALTER TABLESPACE,					17-42
ALTER USER, 17-43
ANALYZE ANY,			17-43
AUDIT ANY,		17-43
AUDIT SYSTEM,			17-37
BACKUP ANY TABLE,					17-41
BECOME USER,			17-43
COMMENT ANY TABLE,						17-43
CREATE ANY CLUSTER,						17-36
CREATE ANY CONTEXT,						17-36
CREATE ANY DIMENSION,							17-37
CREATE ANY DIRECTORY,							17-37


CREATE ANY INDEX,			17-38
CREATE ANY INDEXTYPE,					17-38
CREATE ANY LIBRARY,				17-38
CREATE ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW, 17-38
CREATE ANY OPERATOR,					17-39
CREATE ANY OUTLINE,				17-39
CREATE ANY PROCEDURE,					17-39
CREATE ANY SEQUENCE,					17-40
CREATE ANY SYNONYM,					17-41
CREATE ANY TABLE,			17-41
CREATE ANY TRIGGER,				17-42
CREATE ANY TYPE,		17-42
CREATE ANY VIEW,			17-43
CREATE CLUSTER,		17-36
CREATE DATABASE LINK,					17-37
CREATE DIMENSION,			17-37
CREATE INDEXTYPE,			17-37
CREATE LIBRARY,		17-38
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,						17-38
CREATE OPERATOR,			17-39
CREATE PROCEDURE,			17-39
CREATE PROFILE, 17-40
CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK,							17-37
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM, 17-41
CREATE ROLE,	17-40
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT,						17-40
CREATE SEQUENCE,			17-40
CREATE SESSION, 17-40
CREATE SYNONYM,			17-41
CREATE TABLE,	17-41
CREATE TABLESPACE,				17-42
CREATE TRIGGER,		17-42
CREATE TYPE,	17-42
CREATE USER,	17-43
CREATE VIEW,	17-43
DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE,					17-37
DELETE ANY TABLE,			17-41
DROP ANY CLUSTER,			17-36
DROP ANY CONTEXT,			17-37
DROP ANY DIMENSION,				17-37
DROP ANY DIRECTORY,				17-37
DROP ANY INDEX,		17-38
DROP ANY INDEXTYPE,				17-38
DROP ANY LIBRARY,			17-38
DROP ANY MATERIALIZED VEIW,							17-38

Index-60

DROP ANY OPERATOR,		17-39
DROP ANY OUTLINE, 17-39
DROP ANY PROCEDURE,		17-39
DROP ANY ROLE,	17-40
DROP ANY SEQUENCE,		17-40
DROP ANY SYNONYM,		17-41
DROP ANY TABLE,	17-41
DROP ANY TRIGGER, 17-42
DROP ANY TYPE,	17-42
DROP ANY VIEW,	17-43

DROP PROFILE, 17-40

DROP PUBLIC DATABASE LINK, 17-37

DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM,					17-41
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT,						17-40
DROP TABLESPACE,			17-42
DROP USER,		17-43
EXECUTE ANY INDEXTYPE,						17-38
EXECUTE ANY OPERATOR,						17-39
EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE,						17-39
EXECUTE ANY TYPE,			17-42
EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY,					17-44
FLASHBACK ANY TABLE,					17-39, 17-41, 17-43
FORCE ANY TRANSACTION,						17-44
FORCE TRANSACTION,				17-44
GLOBAL QUERY REWRITE,					17-38, 17-39
GRANT ANY OBJECT PRIVILEGE, 17-44
GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE,				17-44
GRANT ANY ROLE,			17-40
granting, 14-79, 17-29
to a role,	17-31
to a user,	17-31
to PUBLIC,		17-32
INSERT ANY TABLE,			17-41
list of, 17-36
LOCK ANY TABLE, 17-41
MANAGE TABLESPACE,				17-42
ON COMMIT REFRESH,				17-39
QUERY REWRITE, 17-38
RESTRICTED SESSION, 17-37, 17-40
RESUMABLE,		17-44
revoking, 17-88
from a role,		17-90
from a user,		17-90
from PUBLIC, 17-91
SELECT ANY DICTIONARY,						17-44

SELECT ANY SEQUENCE, 17-40

SELECT ANY TABLE,			17-41
SYSDBA,	17-44
SYSOPER,	17-44
UNDER ANY TYPE,		17-42
UNDER ANY VIEW,		17-43
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE, 17-42
UPDATE ANY TABLE,			17-41
system resources
enabling and disabling,			10-102
SYSTEM tablespace
locally managed, 13-31
SYSTEM user
assigning password for,			13-27
SYSTIMESTAMP function,			6-168

SYYYY datetime format element, 2-69

table
XMLType, querying,					15-64
TABLE clause
of ANALYZE,			12-37
of DELETE,		16-60
of INSERT,		17-60
of SELECT,		18-17
of TRUNCATE,			18-55
of UPDATE,		18-62, 18-64, 18-65
table functions
creating,	13-60
table locks
disabling,	11-89
duration of,		17-73
enabling,	11-89
EXCLUSIVE,		17-74, 17-75
modes of,	17-75
on partitions,		17-74
on remote database,					17-75
on subpartitions,				17-74
and queries,		17-73
ROW EXCLUSIVE,					17-74, 17-75
ROW SHARE,			17-74, 17-75
SHARE,	17-74
SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE, 17-75
SHARE UPDATE,				17-75

Index-61

table partition segments	LOB storage of, 7-55
compression of, 11-33, 15-29	locking, 17-73
table REF constraints, 7-16	logging

of CREATE TABLE,	15-26	insert operations, 11-34
table segments		table creation, 15-28
data compression of,	11-33, 15-29	migrated and chained rows in, 12-45
tables		moving, 11-29
adding rows to, 17-53		moving to a new segment,	11-86
aliases, 2-120		moving, index-organized,	11-87

in CREATE INDEX,					13-74					nested
in DELETE,			16-60							creating,	16-19
allocating extents for,					11-35					storage characteristics,					15-41
assigning to a cluster,					15-35					object
changing degree of parallelism on,									11-85	creating,	15-9
changing existing values in,							18-59			object, querying,		15-63
collecting statistics on,					11-36, 12-37					of XMLType, creating,				15-64
comments on,			12-73							organization, defining,				15-30
creating,	15-7									parallel creation of,			15-53
multiple,		14-86								parallelism
creating comments about,						12-72				setting default degree,					15-53
data stored outside database,							15-33			partition attributes of,				11-61
deallocating unused space from,								11-35		partitioning,	2-108, 15-7, 15-44
default physical attributes										allowing rows to move between
changing,		11-32								partitions,			11-38
degree of parallelism										default attributes of,					11-61
specifying,			15-7							physical attributes
disassociating statistics types from,									17-7	changing,	11-32
dropping										relational
along with cluster,					16-68					creating,	15-8
along with owner,					17-20					remote, accessing,			13-37
indexes of,		17-7								removing from the database, 17-6
partitions of,			17-7							removing rows from,				16-55
external,	15-30									renaming, 11-38, 17-86
creating,		15-33								restricting
restrictions on,				15-34						records in a block,				11-37
externally organized,					15-30					retrieving data from,				18-4
granting										saving blocks in a cache,					11-35, 15-52
system privileges on,						17-41				SQL examples,		15-65
heap organized,			15-30							storage attributes
index-organized, 15-30										defining,	15-7
overflow segment for,						15-32				storage characteristics
space in index block,						11-39, 15-31				defining,	7-55
inserting rows with a subquery,								15-61		storage properties,			15-36
inserting using the direct-path method, 17-53										storage properties of,				15-27
joining in a query,				18-18						subpartition attributes of,					11-61

Index-62

synonyms for,			15-2
tablespace for
defining,		15-7, 15-28
temporary
duration of data,					15-27
session-specific, 15-23
transaction specific,						15-23
unclustering,			16-67
updating through views,						16-47
validating structure,					12-43
with unusable indexes,						10-13
TABLESPACE clause
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD,								9-74
of CREATE CLUSTER,						13-6
of CREATE INDEX,					13-78
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,										14-17
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
LOG,		14-38
of CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENTS,										14-84
of CREATE TABLE,					15-28
tablespaces,	11-106
allocating space for users, 16-36
allowing write operations on,								11-108
automatic segment-space management, 2-16,
15-89
backing up datafiles,					11-107
bringing online,				11-106, 15-86
coalescing free extents,						11-109
converting
from permanent to temporary,									11-109
from temporary to permanent,									11-109
creating,	15-80
datafiles
adding,		11-104
renaming,			11-104
default temporary,					9-49
learning name of,					9-49
designing media recovery,							9-25
dropping contents,					17-11
ending online backup, 11-108
extent management,					15-94
extent size,		15-84
granting system privileges on,								17-41
in FORCE LOGGING mode,							11-109, 15-85
locally managed,				7-59

altering,	11-104
temporary,		15-94
logging attribute,			11-109, 15-85
managing extents of,				15-87
of session duration,				15-92
permanent objects in,				15-86
read only,	11-108
reconstructing lost or damaged,						9-25, 9-34
recovering,	9-25, 9-27
removing from the database, 17-10
size of free extents in,				11-106
specifying
datafiles for,			15-83
for a table,		15-27
for a user,		16-36
for index rebuild,				11-88
taking offline,		11-106, 15-86
tempfiles
adding,	11-104
temporary
creating,	15-92
specifying for a user,					16-36
temporary objects in,				15-86
temporary, defining for the database,							13-26
undo
altering,	11-104
creating,	13-33, 15-82
dropping,		17-11
TAN function,	6-169
TANH function,		6-169
TAPE_ASYNCH_IO initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,						10-113
TEMPFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE,					9-17, 9-36
of CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE, 15-93
tempfiles
bringing online,			9-36
defining for a tablespace,					15-81
defining for a temporary tablespace,							15-92
defining for the database,					13-26
disabling autoextend,				9-36
dropping,	9-36
enabling autoextend,				7-42, 9-36
extending automatically,					7-42
renaming,	9-37

Index-63

resizing,	9-36
reusing,	7-41
size of,	7-41
specifying, 7-39, 15-93
taking offline, 9-36
TEMPORARY clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE,		11-109
of CREATE TABLESPACE,		15-86
temporary tables
creating,	15-7, 15-23

session-specific, 15-23 transaction-specific, 15-23

TEMPORARY TABLESPACE clause

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREATE USER,			16-36
temporary tablespaces
creating,	15-92
default,	9-49
specifying extent management during database
creation,		13-26
specifying extent management
individually,			15-93
specifying for a user, 16-36
SQL examples,		15-94
TEST clause

of ALTER DATABASE ... RECOVER, 9-28 text

date and number formats, 2-61 in SQL syntax, 2-54

properties of CHAR and VARCHAR2 datatypes, 2-54

syntax of, 2-54

TH datetime format element suffix, 2-75 THREAD initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-113 throughput

optimizing, 2-94

THSP datetime format element suffix, 2-75

TIME datatype
DB2, 2-37
SQL/DS,	2-37
time zone
determining for session,		6-143
formatting,	2-71
setting for the database,		13-35

time zones
converting data to particular,	4-9
TIME_ZONE session parameter,	10-14

TIMED_OS_STATISTICS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-10
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-113
TIMED_STATISTICS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-10
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-114
timestamp
converting to local time zone,	4-9
TIMESTAMP datatype, 2-21
DB2, 2-37

SQL/DS, 2-37

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE datatype, 2-23

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE datatype, 2-21

TM number format element,			2-64
TO SAVEPOINT clause
of ROLLBACK,	17-100
TO_CHAR
datetime conversion function,				6-171
number conversion function,				6-173
TO_CHAR (character) function,				6-170
TO_CHAR function,	2-63, 2-68, 2-76
TO_CLOB function,	6-175
TO_DATE function,	2-68, 2-73, 2-76, 6-175
TO_DSINTERVAL function,			6-177
TO_LOB function,	6-178
TO_MULTI_BYTE function,			6-179
TO_NCHAR (character) function,				6-180
TO_NCHAR (datetime) function,				6-181
TO_NCHAR (number) function,				6-182
TO_NCLOB function,		6-182
TO_NUMBER function,		2-63, 6-183
TO_SINGLE_BYTE function,			6-184
TO_TIMESTAMP function,			6-185
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ function
SQL functions
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ, 6-186
TO_YMINTERVAL function,			6-187

top-N queries, 2-88

TRACE_ENABLED initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-114

TRACEFILE_IDENTIFIER initialization parameter

Index-64

setting with ALTER SESSION,							10-10
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,							10-114
transaction control statements,						9-3
PL/SQL support of,					9-4
TRANSACTION_AUDITING initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,							10-115
transactions
allowing to complete,					10-26
assigning
rollback segment to, 18-50
automatically committing,						12-75
changes, making permanent,							12-75
commenting on,			12-76
distributed, forcing,					10-3
ending,	12-75
implicit commit of,				9-2, 9-3, 9-4
in-doubt
committing,			12-75
forcing,		12-76
resolving,		18-52
isolation level,			18-50
locks, releasing,			12-75
naming,	18-52
read-only, 18-50
read/write,		18-50
rolling back,		10-27, 14-82, 17-99
to a savepoint,				17-100
savepoints for,			18-2
TRANSACTIONS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,							10-115
TRANSACTIONS_PER_ROLLBACK_SEGMENT
initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,							10-116
TRANSLATE ... USING function,							6-189
TRANSLATE function,					6-188
TREAT function, 6-191
triggers
AFTER,	15-98
BEFORE,	15-98
compiling,		12-2, 12-3
creating,	15-95
multiple,		15-99
database
altering,		12-3

dropping,		17-13, 17-20
disabling,	11-90, 12-2, 12-3
enabling,	11-89, 12-2, 12-3, 15-95
executing
with a PL/SQL block,					15-106
with an external procedure, 15-106
granting
system privileges on,					17-42
INSTEAD OF,			15-99
dropping,		16-42
on database events,				15-102
on DDL events,			15-101
on DML operations,				15-97, 15-100
on views,	15-99
order of firing,			15-99
re-creating, 15-97
removing from the database,						17-13
renaming,	12-3
restrictions on,			15-105
row values
old and new,			15-104
row, specifying,			15-105
SQL examples,			15-107
statement,	15-105
TRIM function,		6-192
TRUNC function
date function,			6-194
format models,			6-221
number function, 6-194
TRUNCATE PARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE,				11-74
TRUNCATE statement,				18-54
TRUNCATE SUBPARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE,				11-74
TRUST attribute
of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 16-16
type constructor expressions,					4-13
type methods
return type of,			16-14
types. See object types or datatypes
TZ_OFFSET function,				6-195
TZD datetime format element,						2-69
TZH datetime format element,						2-69
TZM datetime format element,						2-69
TZR datetime format element,						2-69

Index-65

U number format element,		2-64
UID function,	6-196
unary operators, 3-2
UNDER ANY TABLE system privilege,			17-42
UNDER ANY VIEW system privilege,			17-43
UNDER clause
of CREATE VIEW, 16-46
UNDER object privilege, 17-46
on a type,	17-49
on a view,	17-48
UNDER_PATH condition,		5-20
undo
rollback,	9-136, 13-33
system managed, 9-136, 13-33
UNDO tablespace clause
of CREATE DATABASE,		13-33
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 15-82
undo tablespaces
creating,	13-33, 15-82
dropping,	17-11

modifying, 11-104

UNDO_MANAGEMENT initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-116

UNDO_RETENTION initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-116
UNDO_SUPPRESS_ERRORS initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,	10-10
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,	10-117

UNDO_TABLESPACE initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-117

UNIFORM clause

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 15-87 UNION ALL set operator, 3-6, 18-24

UNION set operator,		3-6, 18-24
UNIQUE clause
of CREATE INDEX,		13-71
of CREATE TABLE,		15-26
of SELECT,	18-11
unique constraints
enabling,	15-57
index on,	15-58

unique indexes, 13-71


unique queries, 18-11
UNISTR function,		6-196
universal rowids. See urowids
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE system
privilege,	17-42
unnesting collections,			18-17
examples,	18-40
unnesting subqueries,			8-15
UNQUIESCE clause
of ALTER SYSTEM,			10-29
UNRECOVERABLE,			9-72, 15-30
See also NOLOGGING clause
unsorted indexes,		13-78
UNUSABLE clause
of ALTER INDEX,			9-77

UNUSABLE LOCAL INDEXES clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-100

of ALTER TABLE,		11-84
UPDATE ANY TABLE system privilege,			17-41
UPDATE BLOCK REFERENCES clause
of ALTER INDEX,		9-79, 9-80
of ALTER TABLE,		11-41
UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES clause
of ALTER TABLE,		11-85
UPDATE object privilege, 17-46
on a table,	17-47
on a view,	17-48
update operations
collecting supplemental log data for,			9-40
UPDATE SET clause
of MERGE,	17-77
UPDATE statement,		18-59
triggers on,	15-100
updates
and simultaneous insert, 17-77
using MERGE, 17-77, 17-78
UPDATEXML function, 6-197
UPGRADE clause
of ALTER TABLE,		11-36
upgrading
from release 7.3.4 to Oracle9i release 2,			9-24
UPPER function, 6-199
URLs
generating,	6-161
UROWID datatype,		2-35

Index-66

urowids
and foreign tables,			2-35
and index-organized tables,				2-35
description of,		2-35
USE_CONCAT hint,			2-106
USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-118
USE_MERGE hint,		2-106
USE_NL hint,	2-106
USE_PRIVATE_OUTLINES session
parameter,	10-15

USE_STORED_OUTLINES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-118
USE_STORED_OUTLINES session
parameter,	10-16, 10-118
USER function,	6-199
USER SYS clause
of CREATE DATABASE,		13-27
USER SYSTEM clause
of CREATE DATABASE,		13-27
USER_COL_COMMENTS data dictionary
view, 12-72

USER_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM,				10-118
USER_TAB_COMMENTS data dictionary
view, 12-72
user-defined aggregate functions,				13-61
user-defined functions,			6-222
name precedence of,			6-224
naming conventions,			6-224
restrictions on, 13-56
user-defined operators,			3-6
user-defined statistics
dropping,	16-78, 16-79, 16-92, 17-7, 17-15
user-defined types,		2-38
defining,	16-9
mapping to Java classes, 16-11
USERENV function,		6-200
users
allocating space for,			16-36
and database links,			13-39
assigning
default roles,		12-26
profiles,	16-36

authenticating to a remote server,						13-40
changing authentication,				12-27
changing global authentication,						12-25
creating,	16-32
default tablespaces,			16-36
denying access to tables and views,							17-73
external,	14-80, 16-34
global,	14-80, 16-35
granting
system privileges on,				17-43
local, 14-80, 16-34
locking accounts, 16-37
maximum concurrent, 10-66
password expiration of,				16-37
removing from the database,					17-20
SQL examples,		16-37
temporary tablespaces for, 16-36
USING BFILE clause
of CREATE JAVA,			13-102
USING BLOB clause
of CREATE JAVA,			13-102
USING clause
of ALTER INDEXTYPE,				9-86
of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS,					12-51, 12-52
of CREATE DATABASE LINK,						13-40
of CREATE INDEXTYPE,				13-96
of CREATE OPERATOR,				14-47
USING CLOB clause
of CREATE JAVA,			13-102
USING INDEX clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,							9-101
of ALTER TABLE,			11-30
of constraints,		7-23
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,							14-21
of CREATE TABLE,			15-58
USING NO INDEX clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,							14-21
USING ROLLBACK SEGMENT clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED
VIEW...REFRESH, 9-105
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW,							14-24
UTC
extracting from a datetime value,						6-162
UTC offset
replacing with time zone region,						2-22

Index-67

UTL_FILE_DIR initialization parameter setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-119

UTLCHN.SQL script, 12-45 UTLEXPT1.SQL script, 11-82 UTLXPLAN.SQL script, 17-24

V number format element, 2-64 VALIDATE clause

of DROP TYPE, 17-16 VALIDATE REF UPDATE clause

of ANALYZE, 12-43 VALIDATE STRUCTURE clause

of ANALYZE, 12-43
validation
of clusters,	12-43
of database objects
offline,	12-45
of database objects, online,			12-45
of indexes,	12-43
of tables,	12-43
VALUE function, 6-202
VALUES clause
of CREATE INDEX,		7-25, 13-82, 15-60
of INSERT, 17-61
VALUES LESS THAN clause
of CREATE TABLE,		15-45
VAR_POP function, 6-202
VAR_SAMP function,		6-204
VARCHAR datatype,		2-12
DB2, 2-37
SQL/DS,	2-37
VARCHAR2 datatype,		2-11
converting to NUMBER,			2-63
VARGRAPHIC datatype
DB2, 2-37
SQL/DS,	2-37
variable expressions,		4-15
VARIANCE function,		6-206
VARRAY clause
of ALTER TABLE,		11-13
VARRAY column properties
of ALTER TABLE,		11-13, 11-45

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 14-13

of CREATE TABLE,				15-13, 15-40
varrays, 2-39
changing returned value,					11-57
compared with nested tables,						2-48
comparison rules,			2-48
creating,	16-3, 16-8, 16-18
dropping the body of,				17-18
dropping the specification of,						17-15
modifying column properties,						11-15
storage characteristics, 11-45, 11-57, 15-40
storing out of line,			2-39
varying arrays. See varrays
view constraints
dropping,	17-23
views
base tables
adding rows,			17-53
changing
definition,		17-22
values in base tables,					18-59
creating
before base tables,				16-43
comments about,				12-72
multiple,		14-86
creating object subviews,					16-46
defining,	16-39
dropping constraints on,					12-33
granting
system privileges on,					17-43
modifying constraints on,					12-33
object, creating, 16-45
recompiling,		12-31
re-creating, 16-42
remote, accessing,			13-37
removing
from the database,				17-22
rows from the base table of,						16-55
renaming,	17-86
retrieving data from,				18-4
subquery of,		16-46
restricting,		16-49
synonyms for,		15-2
updatable,	16-47
with joins
and key-preserved tables,						16-48

Index-68

with joins, making updatable, 16-48 XMLType, 16-48

XMLType, creating, 16-53 XMLType, querying, 16-48

VSIZE function, 6-207

W datetime format element, 2-69 WHEN clause

of CREATE TRIGGER, 15-105 WHEN MATCHED clause

of MERGE, 17-78

WHEN NOT MATCHED clause of MERGE, 17-78

WHENEVER NOT SUCCESSFUL clause of NOAUDIT, 17-84

WHENEVER SUCCESSFUL clause

of AUDIT sql_statements,		12-60
of NOAUDIT, 17-84
WHERE clause
of DELETE,	16-60
of queries and subqueries,		18-20
of SELECT,	8-4
of UPDATE,	18-67
WIDTH_BUCKET function,		6-208
WITH ADMIN OPTION clause
of GRANT,	17-33

WITH CHECK OPTION clause

of CREATE VIEW, 16-42, 16-49

of DELETE,	16-58
of INSERT,	17-60
of SELECT,	18-7
of UPDATE,	18-63
WITH GRANT OPTION clause
of GRANT,	17-35
WITH HIERARCHY OPTION
of GRANT,	17-35

WITH INDEX CONTEXT clause

of CREATE OPERATOR, 14-46 WITH OBJECT ID clause

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 14-39

WITH OBJECT IDENTIFIER clause of CREATE VIEW, 16-45

WITH OBJECT OID. See WITH OBJECT IDENTIFIER.

WITH PRIMARY KEY clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-104

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
LOG,	14-39
of CREATE MATERIALIZED
VIEW...REFRESH, 14-21
WITH query_name clause
of SELECT,	18-10
WITH READ ONLY clause
of CREATE VIEW, 16-42, 16-49
of DELETE,	16-58
of INSERT,	17-60
of SELECT,	18-7
of UPDATE, 18-63
WITH ROWID clause
of column ref constraints, 7-18
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
LOG,	14-39
of CREATE MATERIALIZED
VIEW...REFRESH, 14-21
WITH SEQUENCE clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
LOG,	14-39
WNDS attribute
of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES,			16-16
WNPS attribute
of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES,			16-16
WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY initialization
parameter
setting with ALTER SESSION,		10-10
setting with ALTER SYSTEM,		10-119
WRITE object privilege
on a directory, 17-49
WW datetime format element, 2-69

X datetime format element,	2-69
X number format element,	2-64
XML data
storage of, 15-43

XML database repository

SQL access to, 5-13, 5-20

Index-69

XML documents

producing from XML fragments, 6-165


retrieving from the database, 6-161
XML format models,			2-79
XML fragments,		6-65
XMLDATA pseudocolumn,				2-89
XMLGenFormatType object,				2-79
XMLType columns
properties of,		11-48, 15-43
storage of,	11-48, 15-43
XMLType storage clause
of CREATE TABLE,			15-43
XMLType tables
creating,	15-64, 15-71
creating index on,			13-88
XMLType views,		16-48
querying,	16-48


Y datetime format element,	2-69
Y,YYY datetime format element,		2-69
YEAR datetime format element,		2-69
YY datetime format element,	2-69
YYY datetime format element,		2-69
YYYY datetime format element,		2-69

Index-70

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