9
Manipulating Data
Objectivesj i
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
•• Describeri each DML statementt t t
•• InsertI rt rowsr intoi to a tablet le
•• Updatete rowsr inin a tablet le
•• Deletel te rowsr fromfr a tablet le
•• Controltr l transactionstr ti
9-2
Data Manipulationi l i Language
•• A DML statementt t t isis executedt when you::
–Add new rowsr toto a tablet le
–Modifyify existingi ti rowsr inin a tablet le
–Remove existingi ti rowsr fromfr a tablet le
•• A transactiontr ti consistsi ts off a collectionll ti off
DML statementst t ts thatt t formf rm a logicall i l unitit off workrk..
9-3
Addingi a New Row to a Tablele
50 DEVELOPMENT DETROIT
New row
DEPT
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DEPTNO |
DNAME |
LOC |
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-------- |
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10 |
ACCOUNTING |
NEW YORK |
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20 |
RESEARCH |
DALLAS |
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30 |
SALES |
CHICAGO |
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40 |
OPERATIONS |
BOSTON |
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“…insert a new row into DEPT table…”
DEPT
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DEPTNO |
DNAME |
LOC |
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---------- |
-------- |
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10 |
ACCOUNTING |
NEW YORK |
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20 |
RESEARCH |
DALLAS |
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30 |
SALES |
CHICAGO |
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40 |
OPERATIONS |
BOSTON |
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50 |
DEVELOPMENT |
DETROIT |
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9-4
The INSERTI Statement
•• Add new rowsr toto a tablet le by usingi thet
INSERTI statementt t t..
INSERT INTO table [(column [, column...])] VALUES (value [, value...]);
•• Onlyly one rowr isis insertedi rt att a timeti withith thist is syntaxt ..
9-5
InsertingI i New Rows
•• InsertI rt a new rowr containingt i i valuesl forf r each columnl ..
•• Listi t valuesl inin thet defaultf lt orderr r off thet columnsl inin thet tablet le..
•• Optionallyti lly listli t thet columnsl inin thet
INSERTI clausel ..
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SQL> |
INSERT |
INTO |
dept (deptno, dname, loc) |
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VALUES |
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(50, 'DEVELOPMENT', 'DETROIT'); |
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1 row created. |
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•• Enclosel characterr t r and datete valuesl withinit in singlei le quotationt ti marksr ..
9-6
InsertingI i Rows withi Nullll Valuesl
•• ImplicitI li it method:t : Omitit thet columnl fromfr thet columnl listli t..
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SQL> |
INSERT |
INTO |
dept |
(deptno, dname ) |
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VALUES |
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(60, |
'MIS'); |
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1 row created. |
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•• Explicitli it method:t : Specifyify thet NULL keywordrd..
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SQL> |
INSERT |
INTO |
dept |
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2 |
VALUES |
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(70, 'FINANCE', NULL); |
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1 row created. |
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9-7
InsertingI i Speciali l Valuesl
The SYSDATE function records the current date and time.
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SQL> INSERT INTO |
emp (empno, ename, job, |
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mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, |
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deptno) |
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VALUES |
(7196, 'GREEN', 'SALESMAN', |
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7782, SYSDATE, 2000, NULL, |
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10); |
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1 row created. |
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9-8
InsertingI i Specifici ic Date Valuesl
•• Add a new employeel ..
SQL> |
INSERT |
INTO emp |
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VALUES |
(2296,'AROMANO','SALESMAN',7782, |
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TO_DATE('FEB 3,97', 'MON DD, YY'), |
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1300, NULL, 10); |
1 row created.
•• Verifyrify yourr additioniti ..
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EMPNO |
ENAME |
JOB |
MGR HIREDATE |
SAL COMM DEPTNO |
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----- |
------- |
-------- |
---- --------- |
---- ---- ------ |
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2296 |
AROMANO |
SALESMAN |
7782 03-FEB-97 |
1300 |
10 |
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9-9
InsertingI i Valuesl by Usingi Substitutioni i Variablesi l
Create an interactive script by using SQL*Plus substitution parameters.
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SQL> |
INSERT |
INTO |
dept (deptno, dname, loc) |
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VALUES |
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(&department_id, |
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'&department_name', '&location'); |
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Enter value for department_id: 80
Enter value for department_name: EDUCATION Enter value for location: ATLANTA
1 row created.
9-10
Creatingi a Scripti
withi Customizedi Prompts
•• ACCEPT storest r thet valuel intoi to a variableri le..
•• PROMPT displaysi l yourr customizedt i textt t..
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ACCEPT |
department_id PROMPT 'Please enter the - |
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department number:' |
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ACCEPT |
department_name PROMPT 'Please enter - |
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the department name:' |
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ACCEPT |
location PROMPT 'Please enter the - |
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location:' |
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INSERT INTO |
dept (deptno, dname, loc) |
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VALUES |
(&department_id, '&department_name', |
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'&location'); |
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9-11