Preface
Materials Outlook for Energy and
Environment
– Material Science for Energy and Environment –
Teruo Kishi, President
National Institute for Materials Science
The problems of global warming and securing energy resources are crucial challenges that the entire world is facing now. Japan has been trying to become a front runner of realizing sustainable societies by advanced science and technology, and has focused on the development of the technologies for utilizing natural energy with higher efficiency and higher functionality, photocatalysts, fuel cells, high efficiency power generation, energy saving lighting , IT products, and other eco-technologies. These technologies are based on the research of new materials.
Fortunately, as Japan has accumulated a wealth of research and development in materials-related fields, it is the key national strategy to create a succession of new materials continually on the fundamentals of research base. In research and development on materials science, an accumulation of results based on a long-term perspective and a stable research environment are necessary. Thus, as a national effort, it is extremely important to gain wide public understanding and achieve steady progress in research.
In this publication, researchers who are directly involved in R&D work outline the current status and future directions of the materials technologies which are related to prevent global warming and secure energy resources from the viewpoint of materials science. We sincerely hope that this will give all readers a better understanding of these issues, and will contribute not only to solving environmental and energy problems in Japan, but also various problems of a global scale.
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1. Encouraging Material Science |
1 |
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Chapter 2. Trends in Materials Research for the Environment |
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and Energy |
3 |
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2.1 |
Domestic Trends |
3 |
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2.2 |
International Trends |
7 |
Chapter 3. Electron Energy Materials |
15 |
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3.1 |
Overview |
15 |
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3.2 |
Solar Cell Materials |
16 |
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3.3 |
LED Materials |
18 |
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3.4 |
Materials for Electronic Products |
20 |
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3.5 |
Thermo-Electric Conversion Materials |
22 |
Chapter 4. Chemical Energy Materials |
25 |
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4.1 |
Overview |
25 |
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4.2 |
Materials for Hydrogen Production and Storage |
26 |
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4.3 |
Photocatalytic Materials |
28 |
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4.4 |
Fuel Cell Materials |
30 |
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4.5 |
Secondary Cell Materials |
32 |
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4.6 |
Corrosion-Resistant Materials |
34 |
Chapter 5. Materials for High-Efficiency Major Power Plants |
37 |
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5.1 |
Overview |
37 |
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5.2 |
High Temperature Materials for Gas Turbine Power Generation |
38 |
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5.3 |
Ultra Supercritical Coal-Fired Power Generation Materials |
40 |
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5.4 |
Fusion/Fission Power Generation Materials |
42 |
Chapter 6. Materials for Energy Transmission and Conversion |
45 |
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6.1 |
Overview |
45 |
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6.2 |
Superconducting Materials |
46 |
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6.3 |
Magnetic Refrigerants |
48 |
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6.4 |
Permanent Magnetic Materials |
50 |
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6.5 |
Mechanical Response Materials |
52 |
6.6 |
Low-Friction Materials |
54 |
6.7 |
Light Structural Materials |
56 |
6.8 |
High Temperature Materials for Aeroengines |
58 |
7. Nano-driven Energy/Environmental Materials |
61 |
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7.1 |
Overview |
61 |
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7.2 |
Atomic Switch Materials |
62 |
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7.3 |
Nanoscale Materials |
64 |
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7.4 |
Nanoassembly Materials |
66 |
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7.5 |
Nanostructure Control Materials |
68 |
8. Clean Processing and Materials for That |
71 |
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8.1 |
Overview |
71 |
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8.2 |
Adsorbent Materials |
72 |
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8.3 |
Separation Membrane Materials |
74 |
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8.4 |
Exhaust Gas Catalyst Materials |
76 |
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8.5 |
Nature Tech Materials |
78 |
9. Diagnosis and Lifetime Prediction Technologies |
81 |
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9.1 |
Overview |
81 |
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9.2 |
Crack Growth and Life Assessment Techniques |
82 |
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9.3 |
Assessment of Fatigue and Life Assessment Techniques |
84 |
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9.4 |
Assessment of Creep and Life Prediction Techniques |
86 |
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9.5 |
The Assessment of Corrosion, Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and Lifetime Assessment Techniques |
88 |
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9.6 |
Methods to Evaluate Degradation and Damage |
90 |