Etimologia_vortareto

Lat. initial h's: as Zamenhof seemed to insist on keeping all initial h's, I excluded words without inital h from my list, e.g. havi = Eng. have (without Fre. avoir, Ita. avere); historio = Pol. historia, Fre. histoire, Eng. history (without Rus. иcтopия, Ita. istoria). As Russian changed these initial h to г, I left them out as well.

b/v alternations: as Zamenhof was reluctant to replace b's with v's and vice versa, I excluded such words from my list, e.g. havi = Eng. have (without Yid. hobn, Ger. haben, Lat. habere).

Lit. final ė and e are assumed to be equivalent, e.g. akvarelo = Lit. akvarele; bazo = Lit. baze; bulko = Lit. bulkute; dozo = Lit. doze; flanelo = Lit. flanele; muso = Lit. muse.

f/v alternations: as Zamenhof did not hesitate to alternate f and v (cf. haveno instead of *hafeno, etc.), I also included all such words in my list, e.g. haveno = Ger. Hafen, Eng. haven; lafo = Ita. lava.

k/g and t/d alternations: as Zamenhof did not hesitate to alternate k and g, and t and d before the final vowel (cf. pego instead of *peko, pordo instead of *porto, etc.), I also included all such words in my list, e.g. vorto = Yid. vort, Ger. Wort, Eng. word. On the other hand, if the alternation occurs in an initial position, I excluded such words from my list, e.g. danci = Eng. dance (without Rus. танцевать, Ger. tanzen); trinki = Yid. trinkn, Ger. trinken (without Eng. drink). Exemption from this rule is e.g. krifo = Fre. griffe.

Ger. initial pf and f are assumed to be equivalent, e.g. fajfi = Yid. fayfn, Ger. pfeifen; flegi = Ger. pflegen; fosto = Ger. Pfosten; funto = Rus. фyнт, Ger. Pfund; fuŝi = Ger. pfuschen.

s/z alternations: as Zamenhof did not hesitate to alternate s and z, I also included all such words in my list, e.g. dozo = Rus. дозa, Lit. doze, Pol. doza, Ger. Dose, Fre. dose, Ita. dose, Eng. dose, Gre. dosis; zorgi = Yid. zorgn, Ger. sorgen.

Ger. ß and ss are assumed to be equivalent, e.g. amboso = Ger. Amboss; baso = Ger. Bass; ekspreso = Ger. Express; floso = Ger. Floss; futbalo = Ger. Fussball; kiso = Ger. Kuss; kompaso = Ger. Kompass; kompromiso = Ger. Kompromiss; kongreso = Ger. Kongress; nukso = Ger. Nuss.

Eng. initial th and t are assumed to be equivalent, e.g. tiam = Eng. then, Lat. tum; tie = Rus. тaм, Lit. ten, Pol. tam, Eng. there; tio = Rus. то, Lit. ta, Pol. to, Eng. that; tondri = Fre. tonner, Ita. tonare, Eng. thunder, Lat. tonare; tri = Rus. три, Lit. trys, Fre. trois, Ita. tre, Eng. three, Lat. tres.

Ger./Ita. z: as Esperanto uses only c where German orthography replaced c with z, and the same goes for Italian in a lot of instances, I decided, as a rule, to omit such Ger./Ita. words, e.g. danci = Eng. dance (without Ita. danzare). One exception from this rule is the Italian ending -ezza, e.g. akuteco = Ita. acutezza. Exceptions from this rule are Ger. words of non-Lat. origin, such as caro = Rus. цaрь, Ger. Zar, Fre. tsar, Ita. zar, Eng. tsar; celo = Yid. tsil, Rus. цель, Pol. cel, Ger. Ziel; colo = Yid. tsol, Lit. colis, Ger. Zoll.

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Prefiksoj, sufiksoj kaj finaĵoj

-aĉo (e.g. vinaĉo)

-ado (e.g. blokado, promenado)

-aĵo (e.g. baraĵo, dekoltaĵo, luaĵo, pakaĵo, raportaĵo)

-ano (e.g. afrikano, amerikano, aziano, eŭropano, kapelano, kristano, mahometano)

-anta (e.g. pikanta)

-anto (e.g. amanto, aspiranto, prezidanto)

-aro (e.g. horaro, libraro)

-ata (e.g. aplikata)

-ato (e.g. delegato)

-ĉjo (Rus. -ша)

-ebla (see ebla)

-eco (e.g. avareco, tristeco)

-ejo (e.g. grenejo, librejo, rifuĝejo)

-ema

-enda (Lat. -endus)

-ero (Fre. -aire, Gre. meros)

-eto (e.g. libreto, paketo, tabureto)

fi- (Lat. fi)

-ido (Gre. -ides, Lat. -idae)

-igi (Ger. -ig-, Lat. -ig-)

-iĝi (e.g. pariĝi)

-ilo (e.g. ĉizilo, flugilo, fusilo, raspilo, ŝlosilo)

-ino (e.g. carino, heroino, hundino, kamaradino, reĝino, sinjorino)

-inda (Lat. -iendus)

-ingo (Ger. -ling)

-isto (e.g. dentisto, egoisto, sciencisto)

-ita (e.g. konstruita, perdita)

-izmo (e.g. egoizmo)

-njo (Rus. -ня)

-no (e.g. naŭno)

-obla (e.g. duobla, triobla)

-opa (Lit. -ópas)

-stro (e.g. majstro)

-ujo (e.g. patrujo, rezervujo)

-ulo (Rus. -ул-, Lat. -ulus, Lat. ullus)

-uma (Lat. -um)

Literature

Cherpillod A.: Konciza etimologia vortaro, Roterdamo: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 2003

Vilborg E.: EVE (Etimologia Vortaro de Esperanto), en 5 vol., Malmö, Stockholm: Eldona Societo Esperanto, 1989-2001