Sequence of Tenses

одночасна дія

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

He lives in Kyiv.

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

He said he lived in Kyiv.

попередня дія

Present Perfect

Past Simple

He saw this film yesterday.

Past Perfect

He said he had seen this film.

подальша дія

Future

He will make a report.

Future in the Past

He promised he would make a report.

Compound sentences

and, but, both … and, neither … nor, however, yet, still, so,

English life is full of the traditions, and the English like traditions.

Complex Sentences

Subject clauses

(підметове підрядне речення)

- сполучники: that, if, whether

- сполучникові слова: who, whose, which, where, when, how, why

That he is one of the best students is a well-known fact.

Predicative clauses (присудкове підрядне речення)

- сполучники: that, if, whether

- сполучникові слова: who, whose, which, where, when, how, why

This is what I have learnt at the University.

Object clauses (додаткове підрядне речення)

- сполучники: that, if, whether

- сполучникові слова: who, whose, which, where, when, how, why

- без сполучників

I didn’t know (that) he lived in our city.

Attributive clauses (означальне підрядне речення)

- займенники та прислівники: who, whom, whose, what, which, that, where, when, why

- без сполучників

The house (which) we live in is a new one.

Adverbial clauses of time (підрядне речення часу)

сполучники when, while, before, after, as soon as, till, since, etc.

Whenever I come to him, he is always reading.

Adverbial clauses of place (підрядне речення місця)

сполучники where, wherever

He went where he had been sent to.

Adverbial clauses of manner and comparison (підрядне речення способу дії і порівняння)

сполучники as if, as though

He walked hastily, as if he was in a great hurry.

Adverbial clauses of cause

(підрядне речення причини)

сполучники as, because, since

I was absent last time because I was ill.

Adverbial clauses of result

(підрядне речення наслідку)

сполучники so … that, so that

The book was so interesting that I read it the whole night.

Adverbial clauses of purpose (підрядне речення мети)

сполучники that, , in order to, so that, lest

Write down my phone number, lest you should forget it.

Adverbial clauses of concession

(підрядне речення поступки)

сполучники though, however, whoever, whatever, whichever

Although the translation was rather difficult, the students made it well.

Adverbial clauses of condition

(підрядне речення умови)

сполучники if, provided that, unless, in case (that), etc.