Контрольная работа по английскому языку № 4

для студентов I курса очно-заочного факультета ЛГТУ

всех технических специальностей

Вариант 3

PLASTICS

Plastics are among the most important materials resulting from scientific discoveries of the last hundred years.

The foundation of the modern plastics industry really begins with the discovery of bakelite by Backeland, the Belgian chemist. Bakelite is a thermo-setting resin; once moulded at a high temperature before cooling, it keeps its shape and cannot be moulded again. It proved a new substance of very good qualities, for instance, as an insulating material in the electric industry. Backeland could synthesize it from coal, lime, water and air, and thus he produced the first wholly synthetic plastic.

There are now hundreds of different plastics, each with its own particular properties. On the one hand, we have bakelite, hard, rigid and quite impenetrable by light even in a thin layer. On the other hand, we can make plastics, which are as flexible, as celluloid, even more transparent, and yet extremely hard.

Plastics are used largely for small articles, varying from electric light switches to the dashboards of cars. It is believed that with the production of stronger plastics and new methods of manufacture, there will be no technical limit to the size of articles.

The scientists of a plastics laboratory in Russia, together with workers and technicians have already developed a motorcar coach made completely of plastics. It will be highly durable, light, soundproof, heat and corrosion-resistant.

A passenger diesel boat 25 meters long has been built in Russia with the body and all superstructures made of glass plastics - a new material the production of which has been rapidly increasing in recent years.

There would be hardly any sphere in which these astonishing materials may not be applied when future research has made even greater improvements available.

Closely related to the plastics are the substances we know as synthetic fibers. Indeed, several are simply plastics in fiber form.

The experiments with solutions of nitrocellulose revealed certain properties, which attracted attention to these new compounds. Proceeding from these basic facts, French scientists discovered a method of producing artificial silk.

Italian chemists developed a new fiber by treating casein, a milk product, in the same way as the cellulose. But all these processes use such organic materials as cellulose or casein. Wholly synthetic fibers were developed from chemicals derived from coal, petroleum, water, and air. One of the first to be put into mass production was nylon announced in 1939.

I.Прочитайте текст и переведите его на русский язык письменно.

II. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя текст, и переведите пропущенные слова на русский язык.

1) Plastics are among the most important . . . . . . of the last hundred years. 2) There are now hundreds of different plastics, each with its own . . . . . . . 3) On the one hand we have . . . . 4) On the other hand we can make . . . . 5) There would be hardly any sphere in which these . . . . may not be applied when . . . improvements . . . .

6) Wholly synthetic . . . . 7) One of the first . . . was nylon announced in 1939.

III. Найдите в тексте и выпишите предложения с глаголом в страдательном залоге. Укажите временную форму глагола. Переведите предложения письменно.

Образец: She was asked to bring the book.

was asked – Past Simple Passive.

Её попросили принести книгу.

IV.Раскрывая скобки, напишете каждое предложение три раза, построив условные предложения I, II и III типов.

Образец: If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.

If you are free, I will come to see you.

If you were free, I would come to see you.

If you had been free, I would have come to see you.

1)If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 2) If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 3) If you (not to work) systematically you (to fail) at the examination. 4) If you (to put) on your glasses, you (to see) better. 5) If I (to be) at home, I (to have) a very good time.

V.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требуемой форме.

1) If she (not to miss) the train, she would have arrived in time. 2) If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs. 3) If I (not to know) English, I should not be able to enjoy Byron’s poetry. 4) I (not to do) it if you did not ask me. 5) If men (to have) no weapons, would wars be possible?

VI.Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1) Если бы он знал, что это вас расстроит, он был бы осторожнее. 2) Если бы вы помогли мне решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень благодарен. 3) Если бы мы побольше поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык. 4) Если бы он регулярно не посещал спортивные тренировки, он не добился бы такого успеха на состязаниях.