менгардт английский для техн вузов
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Present Progressive Tense |
Past Progressive Tense |
‘Sally is cooking something |
Sally’s husband told me (that) she was |
delicious’, her husband told me. |
cooking something delicious. |
‘I am not watching news. I am |
Terry said (that) he was not watching |
watching a football match’, Terry |
news. He was watching a football |
said. |
match. |
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Present Perfect Tense |
Past Perfect Tense |
‘Andrew has already come from |
Nancy said (that) Andrew had |
work’, Nancy said. |
already come from work. |
‘I haven’t finished my breakfast |
She told me (that) she hadn’t |
yet’, she told me. |
finished her breakfast yet. |
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Past Simple Tense |
Past Perfect Tense |
‘Stewart e-mailed me yesterday’, |
He said (that) Stewart had |
he said. |
e-mailed him the day before. |
‘Kelly didn’t come in time last |
Kelly’s boss told me (that) she hadn’t |
Friday’, her boss told me. |
come in time the previous Friday. |
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Future Simple Tense |
Future-in-the-Past Tense |
‘I will phone you tomorrow’, |
Laura told me (that) she would phone |
Laura told me. |
me the next day. |
‘Mary won’t come to see you |
Mary’s mother said (that) she wouldn’t |
today’, her mother said. |
come to see me that day. |
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8.23.Read the conversation from exercise 8.23 again and turn Mio’s direct sentences into reported ones, as in the model.
Model: – ‘I haven’t seen you for ages’, Mio told Yoko.
– Mio told Yoko (that) she hadn’t seen him for ages.
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Table 8.6 |
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Reported Special Questions |
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DIRECT SPEECH |
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REPORTED SPEECH |
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Present Simple Tense |
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Past Simple Tense |
‘Where does Kelly have lunch?’ |
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He wanted to know where Kelly had |
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he asked. |
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lunch. |
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Present Progressive Tense |
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Past Progressive Tense |
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‘What are you doing tonight?’ |
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Ben was interested what I was doing |
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Ben asked. |
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that night. |
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Present Perfect Tense |
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Past Perfect Tense |
‘Why has Lucy left?’ Mike asked. |
Mike wanted to know why Lucy had |
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left. |
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Past Simple Tense |
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Past Perfect Tense |
‘When did Angela arrive?’ John |
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John was interested when Angela had |
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asked. |
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arrived. |
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Future Simple Tense |
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Future-in-the-Past Tense |
‘What time will Mary come?’ |
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Ben wanted to know what time Mary |
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Ben asked. |
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would come. |
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Table 8.7 |
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Reported Yes / No Questions |
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DIRECT SPEECH |
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REPORTED SPEECH |
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Present Simple Tense |
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Past Simple Tense |
‘Do you like rock music?’ |
She asked Steve if he liked rock |
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she asked Steve. |
music. |
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Present Progressive Tense |
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Past Progressive Tense |
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‘Is Daniel going sightseeing?’ |
I asked Daniel’s friend if he was |
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I asked his friend. |
going sightseeing. |
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Present Perfect Tense |
Past Perfect Tense |
‘Have you seen Fred today?’ |
Laura asked me if I had seen Fred that |
Laura asked me. |
day. |
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Past Simple Tense |
Past Perfect Tense |
‘Did you like my report?’ |
I asked the teacher if she had liked my |
I asked the teacher. |
report. |
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Future Simple Tense |
Future-in-the-Past Tense |
‘Will you give my book to the |
Henry asked me if I would give his book |
library?’ Henry asked me. |
to the library. |
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8.24. Read the conversation from exercise 8.23. again and turn Yoko’s direct questions into reported ones, as in the model.
Model: – ‘Where are you living now?’ Yoko asked Mio.
–Yoko asked Mio where she was living then.
–‘Are you OK?’ Yoko wanted to know.
–Yoko wanted to know if Mio was OK.
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Table 8.8 |
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Certain Expressions in Reported Speech |
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DIRECT SPEECH |
REPORTED SPEECH |
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tonight |
that night |
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today |
that day |
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this week |
that week |
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this month |
that month |
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yesterday |
the day before |
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last night |
the previous night |
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last week |
the previous week |
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tomorrow |
the following (next) day |
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next week |
the following (next) week |
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next month |
the following (next) month |
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two days ago |
two days before |
three months ago |
three months before |
this |
that |
these |
those |
here |
there |
now |
then |
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8.26.Turn the following direct statements and questions into the reported speech. Be careful with the certain words and time expressions.
1.Kevin said, ‘I have lost my car keys today’.
2.Joe told me, ‘I am going to drive you to the station tonight’.
3.‘I forgot to phone Mary yesterday’, Laura said.
4.‘What is your room number?’ Henry wanted to know.
5.‘When did Tanya’s parents buy her a new flat?’ my mother asked.
6.‘Mr. Hill is having two business meetings this week’, the secretary said.
7.‘What are you looking for?’ Nancy asked me.
8.‘Will Terry join our football team next Saturday?’ our couch wanted to know.
9.Barbara asked me, ‘Do your parents work?’
10.Lilly told us, ‘I have been to Italy twice’.
11.John wanted to know, ‘When will you go to the dentist?’
12.‘Is your mother working now?’ Bill asked me.
13.‘Ted always does his homework in time’, Julia said.
14.Margaret informed me, ‘I haven’t cooked the dinner yet’.
15.‘Do you like our English teacher?’ Wendy asked me.
8.27.Choose the correct variant and complete the following sentences.
1.Helen was very frightened after she … a horror film.
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a) watched |
b) has watched |
c) had watched |
2. |
My friends asked me if I … a party the following weekend. |
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a) will have |
b) would have |
c) have |
3. |
When I got to the hostel, John … with his book open. |
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a) was sleeping |
b) has been sleeping |
c) had been sleeping |
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4. |
Lorry wanted to know if I … his new stereo system. |
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a) liked |
b) like |
c) has liked |
5. |
Mary bought a new car … she had won the lottery. |
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a) before |
b) after |
c) by the time |
6. |
Nick said that they … to the country the following week. |
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a) are moving |
b) will move |
c) were moving |
7. |
Eddy was making sandwiches … Barbara was washing the dishes |
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a) when |
b) while |
c) as soon as |
8.I … working in the National bank after I had graduated from the university.
a) started |
b) had started |
c) starts |
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9. Michael … us that he had made a very serious mistake. |
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a) tells |
b) told |
c) tell |
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10. |
Henry … down the street when his mobile phone rang. |
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a) walked |
b) has been walking |
c) was walking |
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11. |
Violet said that she would start her course project … . |
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a) next Friday |
b) the following Friday |
c) this Friday |
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12. |
Both of us were going shopping when we … a very strange man |
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coming up to us. |
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a) see |
b) saw |
c) have seen |
13. |
… Fred was twenty he had got the driving license. |
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a) While |
b) After |
c) By the time |
14. |
Susan asked me … I liked strawberries. |
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a) if |
b) did |
c) what |
15. |
Steve … me if I had any brothers or sisters. |
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a) told |
b) asked |
c) wanted to know |
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PART II
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Unit 9. COMMUNICATIONS
9.1.Read the following words and expressions and pay attention to their meanings.
to search for |
отыскивать (нужную) информацию |
to retrieve |
извлекать (хранимую) информацию |
to share |
разделять (smth. with smb. – что-л. с кем-л.); |
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использовать совместно |
business transactions |
деловые операции |
(communications) network |
сеть коммуникаций, сеть связи, система |
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связи |
to exchange information |
обмениваться информацией |
the World Wide Web |
всемирная паутина (собрание |
(WWW)гипертекстовых и иных документов, доступных по всему миру через сеть Интернет)
a web |
1) |
паутина; |
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2) |
перен. сеть, система, инфраструктура |
an access |
1) |
выборка (из памяти); |
(to access) |
2) |
обращение (напр., к базе данных); |
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3) |
иметь доступ, получить доступ (к чему-л.) |
a tool |
перен. орудие, средство, инструмент |
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an icon |
1) |
значок; образ, изображение; |
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2) |
отображение (в электронной почте); |
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3) |
пиктограмма, проф. иконка |
a Web browser |
Web-браузер (средство просмотра |
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web-страниц в сети Интернет) |
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hardware |
хардвер, “железо”, детали компьютера |
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(платы, монитор и т.д.), в отличие от |
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программного обеспечения |
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software |
программное обеспечение, программные |
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средства, программы |
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a provider |
провайдер, поставщик |
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a graphical interface |
графический интерфейс |
a site |
сайт, абонентский пункт |
hyperlinks |
гиперссылки, гипертекстовые связи |
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(средства компоновки электронного |
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документа, содержащего текстовые, |
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аудио- и видеоданные) |
links |
ссылки (на страницу в Интернете) |
an image |
изображение |
to store |
комп. запоминать; хранить |
9.2. Read the text.
INTRODUCTION TO THE WWW AND THE INTERNET
Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve some information on all sorts of topics in a wide variety of areas including arts, business, government, humanities, news, politics and recreation. People communicate through electronic mail (e-mail), discussion groups, chat channels and other means of informational exchange. They share information and make commercial and business transactions. All this activity is possible because tens of thousands of networks are connected to the Internet and exchange information in the same basic ways.
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a part of the Internet. But it’s not a collection of networks. Rather, it is the information that is connected or linked together like a web. You access this information through one interface or tool called a Web browser. The number of resources and services that are a part of the World Wide Web is growing extremely fast. By using a computer terminal (hardware) connected to a network that is a part of the Internet, and by using a program (software) to browse or retrieve information that is a part of the World Wide Web, the people connected to the Internet and World Wide Web through the local providers have access to a variety of information. Each browser provides a graphical interface. You move from place to place, from site to site on the Web by using a mouse to click on a portion of text, icon or region of a map. These items are called hyperlinks or links. Each link you select represents a document, an image, a video clip or an audio file somewhere on the Internet. The user doesn’t need to know where it is, the browser follows the link.
All sorts of things are available on the WWW. One can use Internet for recreational purposes. Essentially, if something can be put into digital format and stored in a computer, then it’s available on the WWW. You can even visit museums, gardens, cities throughout the world, learn foreign languages and meet new friends. And, of course, you can play computer games through the WWW, competing with partners from other countries and continents.
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