
Karpova_bazy_dannyh
.pdf

214 |
10. |
,
.
.
,
.
(
.
. 10. 13).
-
.
,
,
.
,
-
.
.
-
,
-
.
|
. |
- |
, |
. |
- |
|
. |
- |
,
,
,
-
,
.
,
,
-
:
R5=R1 []
R6=R2 [ D]
R7 = R5 [A > 128]
R8 = R5 [A] R6,
-
,
.
,
,
,
(
.
. 10.13).
(
.
. 10.14).
OLAP-
,
.

215
|
VO |
N |
CPU |
2 |
VO |
|
CPU |
1 |
|
|
CPU |
2 |
VO |
|
CPU |
|
VO |
. 10.13.
VO
CPU
VO
CPU
CPU VO
. 10.14.

11
,
(
-
)
(
)
.
-
,
.
.
.
-
?
,
?
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
:
-
BOOKS,
-
EXEMPLAR
,
-
.
,
,
,
. |
, |
- |
|
. |
- |
,
:
,
«
-
»
;
-
,
.

. |
217 |
,
,
-
,
.
,
.
, |
, |
- |
. |
: |
|
, |
|
- |
,
,
,
-
.
-
.
.
,
,
,
-
,
.
.
:
,
.
,
,
,
,
(
) - ACID (Atomicity, Consistory, Isolation, Durability).
ACID-
.
:
(Atomicity)
,
.
(Consistency)
,
-
,
,
.
(Isolation)
,
,
,
,
-
.
(Durability)
:
,
,
,
(
).
.
-
,
.
,
,
,
.

218 |
|
|
11. |
|
|
, |
, |
|
|
- |
|
, |
|
, |
|
- |
|
. |
|
, |
|
- |
|
. |
|
|
|
- |
|
, |
|
|
. |
- |
|
, |
, |
« |
» |
- |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
- |
|
, |
|
|
|
- |
|
. |
|
|
, |
- |
,
SQL
.
,
-
-
.
,
|
|
, |
- |
|
. |
|
|
|
ANSI/ISO SQL |
|
|
COMMIT |
ROLLBACK. |
, |
|
SQL- |
, |
|
, - |
|
|
SQL- |
- |
.
(
. 11.1):
1) |
COMMIT |
, |
,
;
2) ROLLBACK
,
,
;
-
ROLLBACK,
3) ,
,
(
-
COMMIT);
4) (
-
ROLLBACK).
,
,
,
.
ANSI/ISO. SYBASE
,
.
SYBASE
,
.
BEGIN TRANSACTION
.
,
ANSI/ISO,

. |
219 |
,
SYBASE
.
COMMIT TRANSACTION
-
.
COMMIT
ANSI\ISO.
,
COMMIT,
,
-
.
SAVE TRANSACTION. ,
,
.
SAVE TRANSACTION
.
,
-
.
ROLLBACK
.
,
,
ROLLBACK
ANSI/ISO.
ROLLBACK B,
-
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update |
|
|
Update |
|
|
Update |
|
|
Update |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Delete |
|
|
Delete |
|
|
Delete |
|
|
Delete |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insert |
|
|
Insert |
|
|
Insert |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Update |
|
|
Rollback |
|
|
Update |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
. 11.1. |
|
ANSIASO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
. 11.2. |
|
|
, |
- |
|
|
|
|
. |


|
|
|
221 |
|
|
11, |
|
|
- |
. |
, |
9 |
- |
,
3,
9
,
9,
,
13 |
|
, |
|
|
14. |
14 |
|
, |
- |
2, |
, |
|
15, |
- |
|
|
|
, |
- |
, |
, |
|
13, |
- |
, |
|
|
|
- |
, |
|
|
4. |
|
17, |
|
|
, |
- |
18, |
|
|
3. |
- |
|
|
|
20, |
, |
|
|
|
, |
|
. |
, |
|
19, |
- |
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
, |
- |
|
|
|
19 |
- |
. |
|
|
|
|
, |
|
, |
SYBASE, |
- |
|
|
|
. |
- |
|
|
|
|
, |
|
|
|
, |
- |
.
,
-
.
,
,
-
.
,
-
,
-
,
-
.
.
-
.
,
,
-
.
,
-
.
-
-

222 |
11. |
,
.
,
-
.
,
.
:
-
;
-
|
|
. |
|
, |
, |
, |
- |
|
|
. |
|
|
|
, |
- |
|
|
: |
|
|
|
. |
- |
:
o
RQU8ACK,
o,
RQUBACK,
,
o-
.
-
«
»
-
.
().
:
o |
. |
o (
,
-
)
.
.
-
,
.
(
-
).
-
,
.
-
.