ОПТСиС
.pdf
, 8 4.
+ ,
! .
160- & ! )41.
1.)41 <,
( ), ! ?@
& - «&», ?@ (55) -
! . - - .
2.X .
1 ! , ! &
& & <: <
@ . ! >
< (< - , > ! /
).
= > |
< 2 7 |
|
( 7 |
|
R |
||
|
|
||
(+) |
- |
|
|
|
- B |
||
|
(-) |
||
|
|
|
?$ |
|
|
2$ |
(-) |
R |
(+) |
R |
|
|||
|
|
||
|
|
|
R |
E
-
4-1.
7 )41 ()41<):
-& ;
-.
* )41 - & )41, -
& & . / ; / ( ) !
)41 .
/ )41< - @ ? !
& , , ! !
& .
U
1 3
2
t
. 4-2.
11
+ ! ? - ! > ? ,
. .
/@ (/)
)41:
•& !
•.
)41 & ( )+, 8+ – _ - ! . 1 /+ -
-! ) _ _& . )41 & -
? !_ )41 ( + !- ). 4 @ 30-
&, _ + ! 60- &
.
+ - & & ? 3- :
( & & & &),
(& > & & )
@!? & .
/ 44 ( ITU-T International Telecommunication Union -
1< - > ? <) + :
! =32, f= 8 0, 4=125
; ( =3.92 , 8 . C
U
32
) 2
) t
t
(
C
1 |
|
f =T |
- C |
|
. 4-3
1< (ITU) - 1957 & _? ,,- !?
& ! .
4 ! & ! (! !)
.
* & !
@ ( ,
> , > . .). < &
? ;1+1 (ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network)
. ; 144 2/ /
. 5 (!) > ! 18
: (4), *</, Z/1, 5)41, . .) +
> !. )Z
12
; 84
1.! )41 <?
2.)41?
3.)41< & ?
4./ ! & ?
5.+ - & &?
6.+, 1<?
7.! & > ! ! ;1+1?
8.> ! ;1+1?
13
, 85
* &.
/ /11 – / ! (
& > ,
@ , ! ! , &
?@ , ?@
@). 60% /11 – . * >
? ! : 1) ! &
@; 2) (? – ,
_ , ?@ ! &
) > ! ! .
, /11 . . !, – !
, @!? (&
), ( >,
- ).
! ? @ & , . .
( , &, , @,
, . .)
@ & ! (4 ,*)
, . . . 4 ,*
> & .
4 – ! , >
! ? ? (?). 4 ,
& (!, & – , 1-* &),
> ! ! = ; > !
> & () 41). / 89 .
X ! (& 041 !
141) , ?@ , ) 41 . > & ! >
@ ) 41 (5)). > ! @ > ? )41 >
.
14
|
|
E |
|
|
|
|
C F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- > |
|
|
|
|
C |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
( - > |
|
|
|
|
E ) H |
|
|
|
|
C |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
F - E 2 C |
|
|
|
|
C |
|
(- |
|
(- |
|
D( |
( |
D( |
( |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
G 2$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"7 G" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
. 5-1 |
|
|
/041 )41 ()41) @ (5/1) @
(5+1) @. / 141 ;1 (!) – , 51 ( ) ,1 ( ) ? !_ .
4 ,* ? (!) &
(4), !? – & ?@ !?
– ! , – . .)
( ) ( ) @
, , > & > .
/90- & !, ! >
. / @ ! >,
! , ! ! !
. . 5 > ! .
15
|
G 2 |
||
|
(H |
|
|
|
|
||
2 |
G 2 |
ISDN |
|
(> 2) |
|||
|
|
||
|
|
||
. 5-2
! ( > ), &
! ,
?@.
! ? ( ). + ! +1 – , ? !
& ! &. /
_ ! ? , !
& & . * !,
& +1 & ! !, ? ? )41. 5 & +1 ( ):
1.5 ! («! ») – ! ?
&
! ! ( & & ).
2.4 &.
3./ ! ! – & , !
> , @ .
; 85
1.[ /11?
2.> ! ! /11?
3.[ /11?
4.[ !?
5.[ ?
6.?
7.C & ! !?
8.) 41?
9.C & ! ? 5)?
10.041? 141?
11.* > ?@ >
.
12.C & ? +1?
13.* & +1.
16
, 86.
6 4A .
* !? & !
!_& !. * _ !?
! 60- & & !
.
(
7 |
|
F |
|
-
)
6-1.
> ! ! & </ &,
! & !. * </ ! >
!. |
|
|
!" # "$ %& –%&, (!)* |
!# + # !$ !, ! |
|
!- "*. ! + (! , . |
||
/ 70- & ! 7+1, ?@ !. |
_? ! C |
|
-</ !_ </ !
! .
/ 80- & > & =
!? – Ethernet, Arcnet, TokenRing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G 2 |
|||
|
|
|
M |
|
|
|
|
G |
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
. 6-2 |
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
1 ! |
,8 (@_ ) – 10 |
|
|
. |
|||||||||||||
1 ! Ethernet ! : !? , |
|||||||||||||||||
( ! ,8) , |
@ – , ?@ |
||||||||||||||||
17
. * & ,8 !? &
? ? . *
!?– @ . < !
: > ! .
- Ethernet – ! – ! & !? ALOHA 0 & (18)).
|
|
* |
( &- |
|
& ) |
6 B C Token Ring (B IBM)
. 6-3.
!?, ?. C
– . * – , !? –
(1), &
? ?. C > &, 1 ?
@ , @ 1 &
.
1 ! Ethernet _? , _ ,
> . |
|
1 ! Token Ring |
-! ? ? > ? . |
& ! _? & ? .
. 6-4.
18
1, , ?
LOCAL AREA NET LAN; &, &, METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS – MAN, @ & & – WAN (Wide Area Networks);
& !: LAN ?, , _ &: ,
@, 7C, , e-mail . .
WAN – ! &
>.
1 – !?, ?@
& !? (to serve – > !).
[ !? &, >
! ! .
C & > 1983 & 44
> & ! /,1 ( OSI (Open System Interconnection). /
& ! (7- ),
!, , , , ! (1-
!).
19
GO |
GO |
|
|
|
|
7 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
6 |
7 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
5 |
7 |
6 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
4 |
7 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
||
2 |
2 |
|
G 2 |
2 |
||||
1 |
1 |
|
H > |
1 |
||||
|
7 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|||||||
0:
H C
7 6 5 4 3 2 
1
E H C
. 6-5.
1 ! : ,
? – , , > !
? ! ; 4, 5, 6 7
! & ? . * /,1 .
20