- •Word formation
- •6. Find the examples of conversion in the following sentences.
- •7. Explain the semantic correlations within the following pair of words.
- •8. Identify the compounds in the word-groups below. Analyse their structure and semantics.
- •9. Match the following onomatopoeic words with the subjects producing the sounds.
- •10. How were these words formed?
- •11. Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals.
- •12. Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals.
- •13. Complete each space in the text with a word formed from the word in capitals.
- •14. Complete each space in the text with a word formed from the word in capitals.
- •15. Complete the word in each sentence with over- or under-.
- •16. Complete each word with either -able or -ible. Make any necessary spelling changes.
- •17. Complete the word in each sentence by adding an appropriate prefix.
- •18. Replace the words underlined in each sentence with one word ending in -ly and beginning with the letter given.
- •19. Complete each word with either in- or un-.
- •20. Make a compound word in each sentence by adding the most appropriate word from the box.
- •21. Complete the compound word in each sentence.
- •22. Complete the word in each sentence with an appropriate suffix.
- •Polysemantic words
- •23. Which of the following words are monosemantic (use a dictionary)?
- •24. Read the sentences (1 - 3) below. What does the word smart mean in each one (clever, fashionable, or formal)?
- •25. Identify the meanings of the polysemantic words that they represent in the following word-combinations.
- •26. Explain the logical associations in the meanings of the same words in the following word combinations. Find the examples of metaphors and metonymys.
- •27. Which word(s) from the box could replace the words in bold in the sentences?
- •28. Decide in which of the following sentences the verb run fits correctly.
- •29. Complete the spaces by finding one polysemantic word from the box which fits in all three sentences.
- •30. Complete the spaces by finding one word which fits in all three sentences.
- •31. Comment on the change of meanings in the italicized words.
- •32. Define the meanings of the italicized words in the following sentences.
- •Homonyms Homographs
- •33. How would you pronounce each of the underlined words in the sentences below? Chose a word with a similar sound from the brackets.
- •Homophones
- •34. Find the homophones to the following words and explain their meanings.
- •35. Define the meaning of following pairs of homophones:
- •36. Now do the reverse.
- •37. Write the word in phonetic script in the correct spelling for the context.
- •37. Write one sentence using both of the words corresponding to the phonetic script.
- •38. Homophones and homographs are at the root of many jokes in English. Match the first part of each of these children’s jokes with the second part and then explain the play on words involved in each.
- •39. Read the following jokes and say what linguistic phenomenon they are based on.
- •40. Find the homonyms for the following words and explain their meanings.
- •41. Find the homonyms and define their types.
- •Synonyms and antonyms
- •43. Organise the following words into three lexico-semantic groups – homes and houses; road transport; clothes.
- •44. Prove that the following sets of words are synonyms.
- •45. Find the dominant synonym in the following synonymic sets. Explain your choice.
- •46. Find antonyms for the words below.
- •47. Underline the most appropriate word or phrase in each sentence.
- •48. Underline the most suitable word or phrase in each sentence.
- •49. Underline the most suitable word in each sentence.
- •50. Read the text and decide which answer (a, b, c or d) best fits each space.
- •51. Read the text and decide which answer (a, b, c or d) best completes each collocation or fixed phrase.
- •52. Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.
- •53. Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.
- •54. Read the text and decide which answer (a, b, c or d) best completes each collocation or fixed phrase.
- •Word-groups and phraseological units
- •55. Take a word from each column to complete the collocations you need for each space in the text.
- •56. Match the descriptions (a-j) with the explanations (1-10).
- •57. Match each sentence (a-I) with a sentence from (1-9) which has a similar meaning.
- •58. Underline the two words that are appropriate in each sentence.
- •59. Complete the fixed phrases in each space by choosing a word from the box which collocates with the words in bold.
- •60. Which word completes each set of collocations or fixed phrases?
- •61. Decide which of the following uses of odd are correct.
- •62. Replace the words in bold by using the most appropriate expression from the box.
- •63. Colour. Complete each sentence with a colour, in an appropriate form of the word.
- •64. Feelings. Underline the most suitable word or phrase in each sentence.
- •65. Read the article and analyze the linguistic phenomena mentioned in it. Reasons why the English language is so hard to learn
- •Now check your answers
- •Библиографический список
- •Содержание
39. Read the following jokes and say what linguistic phenomenon they are based on.
A Scotchman was going on an excursion to New York. He handled the agent a ten-dollar bill as the agent called "Change at Jersey City". " No jokes now - I want my change right away," said the frightened Scotchman.
She: Now that we're engaged, dear, you'll give me a ring, won't you?
He: Yes, dear, certainly. What's your telephone number?
"When rain falls, does it ever get up again?" "Yes, in dew time!"
"What's the difference between soldiers and girls?" "The soldier faces powder. Girls powder faces".
40. Find the homonyms for the following words and explain their meanings.
1. Band - a company of musicians.
2. Seal - a warm-blooded, fish-eating sea-animal, found chiefly in cold regions.
3. Ear - the grain-bearing spike of a cereal plant, as in a corn.
4. To bore - to make a long round hole, esp. with a pointed tool that is turned round.
5. To draw - to move by pulling.
41. Find the homonyms and define their types.
1. Excuse my going first, I'll lead the way.
2. Lead is heavier than iron.
3. He tears up all letters.
4. Her eyes filled with tears.
5. In England the heir to the throne is referred to as the Prince of Wales.
6. Let's go out and have some fresh air.
7. It is not customary to shake hands in England. If the hostess or the host offers a hand, take it; a bow is sufficient for the rest.
8. The girl had a bow of red ribbon in her hair.
9. Mr. Newlywed: Did you see the button on my coat, darling? Mrs. Newlywed: No, love. I couldn't find the button, so I just sewed up the buttonhole.
10. Do not sow panic.
11. He took a suite at the hotel.
12. No sweet without sweat.
13. What will you have for dessert?
14. The sailors did not desert the ship.
15. He is a soldier to the core.
16. The enemy corps was routed.
17. The word 'quay' is a synonym for Embankment'.
18. The guests are supposed to leave the key with the receptionist.
19. When England goes metric, flour will be sold by the kilogram.
20. The rose is the national flower of England.
21. In England monarchs reign but do not rule.
22. The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.
Synonyms and antonyms
42. Classify the following words into logical groups on the principle of hyponymy. (Hyponym is a word whose meaning is included in that of another word. E.g. “Scarlet”, “vermilion”, and “crimson” are hyponyms of “red”)
Animal, asparagus, beet, building, bull, bungalow, bush, cabbage, carrot, cat, cottage, dog, fiction, flower, football, grass, horse, mansion, novel, onion, plant, polo, short story, sport, poem, swimming, tennis, tree, vegetable, villa.
43. Organise the following words into three lexico-semantic groups – homes and houses; road transport; clothes.
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balcony belt boot braces brakes buckle building bus bus-conductor button furniture |
cardigan castle chauffeur chimney coach collar countryside cuff drawbridge dressing-gown loan |
driver engine estate car front door garage gears heel hem basement laces attic |
lorry mechanic mittens moat petrol station pitched roof service station sleeve slippers sole high-ceilinged |
sports car steering wheel terraced house thatched roof tiled floor tram tyres van waist coat wooden stairs zip |