Bazy_dannykh_Uchebnoe_posobie
.pdf
9. 
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101
MBR
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. 21. MBR
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22. 
, 
R-
. 
.
Open Geospatial Consortium - OGC
Open Geospatial Consortium |
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250 |
, |
, |
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, 
. OGC 
Web-
http://www.opengis.org/.
OpenGIS
OpenGIS |
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. |
. |
: |
non- |
instantiable 
instantiable. 
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- Geometry ( |
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, |
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- Point ( |
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- Curve ( |
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- LineString ( |
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- Line |
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102
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- LinearRing |
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- Surface ( |
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2 |
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Polygon ( |
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- GeometryCollection ( |
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- MultiPoint ( |
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- MultiCurve ( |
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- MultiLineString ( |
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- MultiPolygon ( |
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. 23. |
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23 |
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1. |
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LineString; |
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2. |
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LineString |
; |
3. |
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LineString; |
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4. |
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LineString |
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(type), 
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(SRID - Spatial Reference Identifier).
R- 
(
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. 17), 
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(X,Y) 
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(
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(X,Y). 
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(SRID). 
, 
103
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(
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(MBR).
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((MINX MINY, MAXX MINY, MAXX MAXY, MINX MAXY, MINX MINY)), 
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18).
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NULL). 
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OGIS
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GROUP BY 
HAVING,
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OGIS 
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3D 
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104
60:
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« |
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CREATE |
TABLE |
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varchar(30), |
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varchar(30), |
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varchrar(30), |
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Integer, |
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Number, |
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Polygon |
); |
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« |
» |
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CREATE |
TABLE |
( |
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varchar(30), |
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varchar(30), |
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Number, |
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LineString |
); |
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« |
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CREATE |
TABLE |
( |
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varchar(30), |
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varchar(30), |
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integer, |
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Point |
); |
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SQL 
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OGIS 
9 
.
1. 
Touch 
, 
, 
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,
2. |
Cross |
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, |
, 
.
3. |
Distance |
. |
. |
. 
WHERE 
SELECT 
. 
.
105
, |
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, 
, 
Distance 
.
Area 
, 
Length 
. 5. 
Buffer 
. 
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- |
. |
4. |
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. 24. 
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, 
Buffer.
6. |
Area - |
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, 
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, 
, 
Area
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7. |
Intersection |
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, . |
. 
Intersection 
.
, 
(
) 
(
), 
.
8. |
Overlap |
. |
. |
. 
.
SQL 
.
106
61: |
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n Touch. |
SELECT |
C1. |
AS " |
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" |
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FROM |
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C1, |
C2 |
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WHERE |
(Touch(C1. |
, C2. |
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) = 1) |
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AND (C2. |
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= |
); |
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62: |
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Cross. |
SELECT |
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C |
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FROM |
, C |
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WHERE |
Cross( |
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, C |
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) = 1; |
63: |
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, |
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Distance.
SELECT |
C1. |
, R1. |
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FROM |
|
C1, |
R1 |
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WHERE |
Distance |
(C1. |
, R1. |
) |
< |
ALL ( |
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SELECT Distance(C2. |
, R1. |
) |
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FROM |
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C2 |
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WHERE C1. |
<> C2. |
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); |
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WHERE 
Distance,
, 
C1 
,
R1.
,
, 
C2, 
1.
, 
.
64:
. 
, 
300 |
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, |
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107 |
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Overlap. |
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SELECT |
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FROM |
, |
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WHERE (Overlap( |
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, Buffer( . |
,300)) = 1) |
AND (R.Name = . |
); |
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65:
, 
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.. |
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SELECT C. |
, C. |
, Area(C. |
) AS " |
" |
FROM |
C; |
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Area - 
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66:
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Cross, 
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(
) 
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SELECT |
R. |
, C. |
, |
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Length(Intersection(R. |
, C. |
)) AS " |
" |
||
FROM |
R, |
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C |
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WHERE |
Cross(R. |
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, C. |
) = 1; |
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67:
. 
,
, 
.
Point(0,C
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.y) 
, 
, 
, 
C
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. 
, 
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.y 
y. 
108
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, |
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, y |
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SELECT C |
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Distance(Point(0, |
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.y), |
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) AS " |
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FROM |
, |
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WHERE |
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= |
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; |
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68: |
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Touch |
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SELECT |
Co. |
, Count(Co1. |
) |
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FROM |
Co, |
Co1 |
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WHERE |
Touch(Co. |
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, Co1. |
) |
GROUP BY Co. |
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ORDER BY Count(Co1. |
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) |
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69:
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SELECT |
Co.Name |
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FROM |
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Co, |
Co1 |
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WHERE |
Touch(Co. |
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, Co1. |
)) |
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GROUP BY Co. |
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HAVING |
Count(Co1. |
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) = 1 |
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SELECT |
Co. |
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FROM |
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Co |
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WHERE |
Co. |
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IN |
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( |
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SELECT |
Co. |
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FROM |
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Co, |
Co1 |
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WHERE |
Touch(Co. |
, Co1. |
) |
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GROUP BY Co. |
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HAVING |
Count(*) = 1 |
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); |
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FROM |
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GROUP BY |
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HAVING |
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109 |
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HAVING 
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WHERE, 
: HAVING 
,
count.
69:
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CREATE VIEW |
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AS |
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( |
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SELECT |
Co. |
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, |
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Count(Co1. |
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) AS |
_ |
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FROM |
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Co, |
Co1 |
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WHERE |
Touch(Co. |
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, Co1. |
) |
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GROUP BY Co. |
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) |
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SELECT Co. |
, |
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_ |
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FROM |
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WHERE |
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= |
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( |
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SELECT Max( |
_ |
) |
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FROM Neighbor |
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)
;
VIEW (
) 
. 
, 
. 
. 
, 
.
110