СТАТИСТИКА 1 / Международное энергетическое агентство www.IEA.org / Публикации разные / supply glossary 1987-2002
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY |
USERS’ GUIDE (2003 Edition) |
Bitumen. Bitumen is a solid, semi-solid or viscous hydrocarbon with a colloidal structure, being brown to black in colour, obtained as a residue in the distillation of crude oil, by vacuum distillation of oil residues from atmospheric distillation. Bitumen is often referred to as asphalt and is primarily used for construction of roads and for roofing material. This category includes fluidised and cut back bitumen.
Paraffin Waxes. These are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. These waxes are residues extracted when dewaxing lubricant oils. They have a crystalline structure which is more-or-less fine according to the grade. Their main characteristics are as follows: they are colourless, odourless and translucent, with a melting point above 45°C.
Petroleum Coke. Petroleum coke is a black solid residue, obtained mainly by cracking and carbonising residue feedstock, tar and pitches in processes such as delayed coking or fluid coking. It consists mainly of carbon (90 to 95%) and has a low ash content. It is typically used as a feedstock in coke ovens for the steel industry, for heating purposes, for electrode manufacture and for production of chemicals. The two most important qualities are ‘green coke’ and ‘calcinated coke’. This category also includes unrecoverable ‘catalyst coke’ deposited on the catalyst during refining processes.
Tar. Naturally occurring, viscous and dense hydrocarbon.
Sulphur. Elemental sulphur recovered in the treating processes in the refinery.
Aromatics. A class of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene produced within refineries.
Olefins. A class of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having one or more double bonds, produced by cracking naphtha or other petroleum fractions at high temperatures (e.g. propylene).
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USERS’ GUIDE (2003 Edition) |
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY |
UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Data collected from IEA Member countries are reported in thousands of metric tons converted to barrels using conversion factors based on actual density.
Average Conversion Factors (bbls/metric tons)
|
Standard |
Exceptions |
|
Crude oil |
7.37 |
|
|
NGL |
10.30 |
Japan |
8.85 |
Refinery feedstocks |
7.40 |
|
|
Non crude |
7.40 |
Canada |
6.80 |
Refinery gas |
8.00 |
Australia |
9.71 |
|
|
Canada |
6.60 |
|
|
Japan |
6.99 |
LPG |
11.60 |
|
|
Ethane |
16.85 |
|
|
Naphtha |
8.50 |
Europe |
8.90 |
Aviation gasoline |
8.90 |
|
|
Motor gasoline |
8.53 |
Europe |
8.45 |
Jet/kerosene |
7.93 |
Europe |
7.88 |
Other kerosene |
7.74 |
Europe |
7.88 |
Gas/diesel |
7.46 |
|
|
Residual fuel oil |
6.66 |
Europe |
6.45 |
Petroleum coke |
5.50 |
|
|
|
ranging from |
|
|
Other products |
6.4 to 7.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that, with the exception of European countries, data are generally collected for local purposes in volume terms and converted to tons for submission to the IEA. The conversion factors used to provide data for the Report, which are listed above, are therefore the same, to the extent possible, as those used by the countries in making their submissions to ensure the volumetric data incorporated in the Report are correct.
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11 AUGUST 2003 |
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY |
USERS’ GUIDE (2003 Edition) |
INDEX TO GLOSSARIES
For full definition, please refer to appropriate section as indicated.
Additive.......................................................................... |
Refining |
Alkylation....................................................................... |
Refining |
Antiknock. ..................................................................... |
Refining |
AOS ................................................................................... |
Trade |
API. .................................................................................... |
Prices |
API Gravity........................................................................ |
Supply |
Apparent Demand. ........................................................ |
Demand |
ARA.................................................................................... |
Prices |
Arbitrage................................................................. |
Prices, Trade |
Associated Gas. ............................................................... |
Supply |
Backwardation................................................................... |
Prices |
Basis Risk.......................................................................... |
Prices |
Basis. ................................................................................. |
Prices |
Bearish and Bullish........................................................... |
Prices |
Bitumens .......................................................................... |
Supply |
Cash Market....................................................................... |
Prices |
Cash Price. ........................................................................ |
Prices |
Cash Settlement. ............................................................... |
Prices |
Catalytic Cracking. ........................................................ |
Refining |
Cetane Number.............................................................. |
Refining |
CFD - Contract for Differences. ........................................ |
Prices |
CFTC. ................................................................................. |
Prices |
CIF...................................................................................... |
Prices |
Coking. .......................................................................... |
Refining |
Commercial. ...................................................................... |
Prices |
Condensates. ................................................................... |
Supply |
Consumption. ................................................................ |
Demand |
Contango. .......................................................................... |
Prices |
Conventional Oil Supplies. .............................................. |
Supply |
Conversion/Upgrading.................................................. |
Refining |
Cooling Degree-days..................................................... |
Demand |
Covering. ........................................................................... |
Prices |
Crack Spread. .................................................................... |
Prices |
Crack ................................................................................. |
Trade |
Cracking. ....................................................................... |
Refining |
Crude Imports ................................................................... |
Trade |
Crude Oil in Terms of Days of |
|
Forward Refinery Throughputs. ...................................... |
Stocks |
Days of Forward Demand. ............................................... |
Stocks |
Days of IEA Net Imports................................................... |
Stocks |
Deliveries. ...................................................................... |
Demand |
Delivery Month. ................................................................. |
Prices |
Delivery Points. ................................................................. |
Prices |
Demand.......................................................................... |
Demand |
Demand Pull ..................................................................... |
Trade |
Development Well. ........................................................... |
Supply |
Dieselisation.................................................................. |
Demand |
Distillation - Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation. ......... |
Refining |
Downstream. ................................................................. |
Refining |
Economic Growth.......................................................... |
Demand |
End-User Prices. ............................................................... |
Prices |
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)......................................... |
Supply |
Expiry Date. ....................................................................... |
Prices |
Expiry Month. .................................................................... |
Prices |
Flaring............................................................................... |
Supply |
Floating Storage/Oil in Transit......................................... |
Stocks |
FOB. ................................................................................... |
Prices |
FPSO................................................................................. |
Supply |
Fracturing. ........................................................................ |
Supply |
Fundamentals.................................................................... |
Prices |
Funds................................................................................. |
Prices |
Futures Contract. .............................................................. |
Prices |
Futures Transaction. ......................................................... |
Prices |
GOM .................................................................................. |
Stocks |
Government-Controlled Stocks. ...................................... |
Stocks |
Gross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil |
|
Distillation Units. ........................................................... |
Refining |
Heating Degree Days..................................................... |
Demand |
Hedge................................................................................. |
Prices |
Horizontal and Directional Drilling. ................................. |
Supply |
HSFO.................................................................................. |
Prices |
Hydrocracking. .............................................................. |
Refining |
Hydrotreating. ............................................................... |
Refining |
Industry Stocks. ............................................................... |
Stocks |
Imports .............................................................................. |
Trade |
IPE..................................................................................... |
Prices |
Isomerisation. ................................................................ |
Refining |
Licence Round................................................................. |
Supply |
Liquidity. ........................................................................... |
Prices |
Long Position. .................................................................. |
Prices |
Long Hedge. ..................................................................... |
Prices |
Lower 48. ......................................................................... |
Supply |
LSFO. ................................................................................ |
Prices |
LSWR. ............................................................................... |
Prices |
Market Trend..................................................................... |
Prices |
MOS ................................................................................... |
Trade |
MTBE.............................................................................. |
Refining |
Net Position. ..................................................................... |
Prices |
Netback ............................................................................. |
Trade |
Non-Commercials............................................................. |
Prices |
Non-Reporting. ................................................................. |
Prices |
Northwest Europe ............................................................. |
Trade |
NYMEX. ............................................................................. |
Prices |
Octane Number.............................................................. |
Refining |
Offshore-Loaded.............................................................. |
Supply |
OPEC................................................................................ |
Supply |
Open Interest. ................................................................... |
Prices |
Operating Capacity........................................................ |
Refining |
Option. .............................................................................. |
Prices |
Physical Delivery. ............................................................. |
Prices |
Price Spread. .................................................................... |
Prices |
Price-Setting Market ......................................................... |
Trade |
Primary Stocks. ................................................................ |
Stocks |
Processing Gain. ............................................... |
Supply, Refining |
Refinery Yield. ............................................................... |
Refining |
Refinery.......................................................................... |
Refining |
Refining Margin. ............................................................ |
Refining |
Reforming. ..................................................................... |
Refining |
Reserves. ......................................................................... |
Supply |
Residue. ......................................................................... |
Refining |
Satellite Field. .................................................................. |
Supply |
Secondary Stocks. ........................................................... |
Stocks |
Secondary Recovery. ...................................................... |
Supply |
Shale Oil........................................................................... |
Supply |
Short Hedge...................................................................... |
Prices |
Short Position................................................................... |
Prices |
Short Squeeze. ................................................................. |
Prices |
Sidetracking..................................................................... |
Supply |
SIMEX................................................................................ |
Prices |
Spare (Idle) Capacity ..................................................... |
Refining |
Spot Month. ...................................................................... |
Prices |
Spot................................................................................... |
Prices |
Spudding. ........................................................................ |
Supply |
Stock Change. .................................................................. |
Stocks |
Straight-Run. ................................................................. |
Refining |
Structural Supply .............................................................. |
Trade |
Subsea Template. ............................................................ |
Supply |
Supply Push ..................................................................... |
Trade |
Swaps. .............................................................................. |
Prices |
Sweet/Sour Crude............................................................ |
Supply |
Swing Supply .................................................................... |
Trade |
Synthetic Crudes. ............................................................ |
Supply |
Tanker-Tracking Data. ..................................................... |
Supply |
Tariff .................................................................................. |
Trade |
Technical Rally or Decline. .............................................. |
Prices |
Technicals......................................................................... |
Prices |
Tertiary Recovery. ........................................................... |
Supply |
Tertiary Stocks. ................................................................ |
Stocks |
Thermal Cracking. ......................................................... |
Refining |
Treating.......................................................................... |
Refining |
Utilisation Rate. ............................................................. |
Refining |
Vacuum Distillation. ...................................................... |
Refining |
Visbreaking.................................................................... |
Refining |
Volume. ............................................................................. |
Prices |
Wildcat well...................................................................... |
Supply |
Working Days. ............................................................... |
Demand |
Workover. ........................................................................ |
Supply |
11 AUGUST 2003 |
73 |
OIL MARKET REPORT CONTACTS
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Supply |
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