Aircraft. Systems
1. Give the definition to ‘aircraft’.
An aircraft is a heavier then air craft used to transport people or cargo by air.
2. Give the definition to ‘wing’. What does it provide? What must the wing support?
The wing is a metal structure which extends out on the both sides of the fuselage and provide necessary lift for supporting the weight of an aircraft in flight.
3. What is roll? What device is it controlled by?
The wing carries ailerons that control the aircraft movement about the longitudinal axis - is an imaginary line from nose to tail.
4. What is pitch? What device is it controlled by?
The elevators are hinged to the horizontal stabilizer and control the aircraft movement about its
lateral axis- is an imaginary line from one wing tip to another.
5. What is yaw? What device is it controlled by?
The rudder is hinged to the vertical stabilizer of fin and controls the movement of an aircraft about its vertical axis - is an imaginary line extending though intersection of longitudinal and lateral axis.
6. What are ailerons?
The ailerons are movable surface hinged to the outer trailing edge of the wing, and attached to the cockpit control column by mechanical linkage.
-7. What type of control is obtained through the use of them?
by mechanical linkage.
8. What is rudder?
It`s a movable surface hinged to the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer(fin) and attached by mechanical linkage to the rudder pedals located on the cockpit.
9. What is the purpose of the rudder in flight?
Is to control yaw and not to turn the plane.
10. What is elevator?
Is movable control surface hinged to the horizontal stabilizer, and attached to the cockpit control column by mechanical linkage.
11. What is the purpose of the elevator in flight?
Elevator allows pilot to change the angle of attack.
12. What is a fuselage? What does fuselage accommodate?
Fuselage is a body of an aircraft. It accommodates crew members, passengers, equipment and cargo. It is an all-metal construction. The cockpit is located in the front part of the fuselage.
13. How are civil aviation aircraft subdivided according to their purpose?
Civil( passengers, cargo, sporting, training, general purpose) and Military( fighters, interceptors, long-range, strategic)
14.How can all aircraft be classified in accordance with their structural peculiarities?
Depending on the:
- number and position of main planes(monoplane, biplane, triplane, quadraplene, high, low, middle);
- number of engines(singe-,twin-,multiengine);
- landing gear construction(landplane, hydroplane, amphibian);
- fuselage type(single-,twin-fuselage).
15. Name the main parts of a conventional aircraft.
Fuselage, tail unit, wing, landing gear, powerplant
16. What does the tail unit consist of?
vertical and horizontal stabilizers
17. What is the landing gear system used for?
take-off/landing run, taxing, parking
18. What are the two basic types of landing gear?
conventional(tail wheel), tricycle(nose wheel)
19. What is a propeller?
It is a device for propelling aircraft that has blades on an engine-driven shaft and that, when rotated, produces a thrust by its action on the air
20. What is an engine?
device for propelling aircraft
21. What types of engines do you know?
piston, turboprop, turbofan, jet, turbojet, steam-driven…
22. What are the components of a piston engine?
intake/exhaust valve, spark plugs, cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft
23. What does the aircraft structural strength depend on?
The required structural strength is based on the intended use of the airplane
How is an airplane strength measured?
It`s measured basically by the total load which the wings are capable of carrying without permanent damage to the wing structure
Which main aircraft systems are the conventional aircraft equipped with?
Flight control system, electrical system, fuel system, oil system, anti-icing system, air conditioning and pressurization system, hydraulic system
What is the main function of
-the oil system. What is a dipstick? It’s purpose.
This system provides means of storing and circulating oil throughout the internal components of the engine. Dipstick measures level of oil in the sump;
-the fuel system. How are fuel systems classified? What are the basic fuel system components? Where are fuel tanks usually mounted?
Function is to store and transfer fuel to the engine. There are two types of fuel system:
1.gravity feed utilizes the force of gravity;
2.Fuel pump system: mail pump(engine driven) and bust pump(electric driven);
Carburator, pumps, fuel tanks. Auxiliary electric driven pump
-the electrical system. What is it designed for? What are the basic electrical system components? Describe the purpose of circuit breakers and fuses
Electrical energy is required to operate nav. and communication radio, lights, and other aircraft equipment. Direct-current, alternating current. Components: Generator, Battery, Master Switch, Bus bar, Fuses and circuit breakers. Fuses and circuit breakers are used in the electrical system to protect from overload. circuit breakers can be manually reset;
- the hydraulic system;
To operate undercarriage, wheel breakers, nose wheel steering, control surfaces;
- the flight control system. What are the components of the primary and secondary flight control systems?
Consist of the cockpit controls, cables, pulleys, linkages connected to the movable control
surfaces outside the plane.
Primary: elevator, ailerons, rudder.
Secondary: trim tabs and wing flaps;
- the anti-icing system
Is designed to prevent ice formation on aircraft vital(важный,жизненный) areas and permits aircraft operations without restriction by icing conditions;
- the fire-extinguishing system
To fight with fire inside the plane;
- the air conditioning system and what does it consist of?
Provides maintaining the air in the pressurized compartments at the desired level of pressure, temperature and freshness
What is the cooling system designed for?
to prevent overheating
What system provides a spark in the cylinder?
Ignition system