Содержание

AT A BOOKSHOP……………………………………………………………. AT THE ART-DEALER'S……………………………………………………… AT THE TOBACCONIST'S…………………………………………………… AT THE JEWELLER'S ………………………………………………………... AT A FLORIST'S AND AT AN ANTIQUE SHOP…………………………. SELF-SELECTION AND SELF-SERVICE…………………………………….. BUYING AND PAWNING…………………………………………………….. MARKETING………………………………………………………………….. MARKETS IN LONDON………………………………………………………

4 8 12 15 21 24 27 34 41

AT A BOOKSHOP

martin: Have you by any chance a book called The One Great Problem? I say a book, but it may be only a pamphlet.

BOOKSELLER.: No, sir, it' s out of stock. We could get it to order for you if it’s out of print?

M.: And if it's out of print ?

B.: Then I'll make Inquiries and let you know if we hear of a second-hand copy.

m.: D' you keep Spanish books?

B.: No, sir; they're rather out of our line.

M.: None at all? ... Then I must try somewhere else, I suppose.

Where's the likeliest place to get them?

B.: It's a matter of opinion, but I should think your best plan by far would be to go to Brochet's in Leicester Square.

M.: ... Have you a good edition of Boswell's Johnson?

B.: Yes, sir: how'll this one do?

M.: It's very dear. I should have thought it'd have been about half that

B.: Well, sir, there's no getting over the fact that printing and paper have gone up like everything else the last few years.

m.: Yes, that's the worst of it... (On reflection.) No, I think the smaller one'll answer my 'purpose; it's quite good enough for me.

B.: I'll have them packed up to go by parcel post.

M.: Oh! You needn't bother to send them; I may as well take them with me.

B.: Just as you like, sir.

3. Situations for dramatizing:

1. A salesgirl in a bookshop speaks with a friend about her work in the bookshop and tells her how difficult it is to keep track of the new books and meet the customers' demands. 2. An old-age pensioner comes to a bookshop and asks for some book which will make good reading for a holiday. After a long discussion with the salesgirl she chooses a thick novel in a gay green jacket from a row of handsome books on the upper shelf. 3. The manager of a bookshop speaks with a girl who has applied for a position there.

4. Retell the text

EXERCISES

I. Say it in English:

Груды книг в цветных обложках; книга пользуется боль­шим спросом; книги вышли полгода тому назад; выбрать книгу; лениво переворачивать страницы книги.

II. (a) Answer the following questions:

1. What do you think of the names occurring in the story: Slush, Sellyer (sell yer), Rassellyer? 2. What must have been Mrs. Rassellyer's opinion of those gentlemen who are apt to select their books merely by the title? 3. Why was Mrs. Ras­sellyer so keen to buy the latest novel? 4. Was Mr. Sellyer shocked by Mrs. Rassellyer's conversation or used he to live up to his customers? 5. How did Mr. Sellyer advertise his book? What was the subtle device that tipped the scale in the con­versation with Mrs. Rassellyer? 6. What was it that Mr. Sel­lyer might have said to Mrs. Rassellyer in a low and ingra­tiating voice? How did he play on his customer's ignorance and vulgar curiosity? 7. Do you think that Mr. Sellyer had read the powerful book he was so glibly advertising? 8. Sup­pose Mr. Sellyer's information about the Golden Dreams were wrong. Could Mrs. Rassellyer come back and say that she had been again taken in? 9. Doesn't Mrs. Rassellyer resemble anyone you know? 10. Do you think Mrs. Rassellyer's maid takes after her mistress?

(b) Ask several questions about the text.

(c) Dramatize a dispute between a foreign visitor and a Soviet salesgirl on the subject of book-trade and book business in general. Use the expressions occurring in the text and the following word combinations: real taste in literature; something new in fiction; to make profit on a book; to take orders for new books; to promote sales.

(d) Learn the dialogue by heart and make up your own dialogues on the каше pattern:

Additional Exercises

I. Read the following; description. Use it to describe a stationer's shop you know:

Oil the cistern borders of Chancery Lane, that is to say, more particularly in Cook's Court, Cursitor Street, Mr. Snagsby, Law-Stationer, pursues his lawful calling. In the shade of Cook's Court, at most times a shady place, Mr. Snagsby has dealt in all sorts of blank forms of legal process; in skins and rolls of parchment; in paper — foolscap, brief, draft, brown, white, whitey-brown, and blotting; in stamps; in office-quills, pens, ink, India-rubber, pounce, pins, pencils, sealing-wax, and wafers; in red tape and green ferret; in pocket-books, almanacks, dia­ries, and law lists; in string boxes, rulers, inkstands —glass and leaden, penknives, scissors, bodkins, and other small office-cutlery; in short, in articles too numerous to mention, ever since he was out of his time, and went into partnership with Peffer. (Ch. Dickens. Bleak House)

II. Read and translate the following description of a junk-shop in India:

... the shop fascinated Kim. The Lahore Museum was larger, but here were more wonders — ghost-daggers and prayer-wheels from Tibet; turquoise and raw amber necklaces; green jade bangles; curiously packed incense — sticks in jars crusted over with raw garnets; the devil masks of overnight and a wall full of peacock-blue draperies; gilt figures of Buddha, and little por­table lacquer altars; Russian samovars with turquoises on the lid; egg-shell china sets in quaint octagonal cane boxes; yellow ivory, crucifixes —from Japan of all places in the world...; carpets in dusty bales, smelling atrociously, pushed back behind torn and rotten screens of geometrical work; Persian water-jugs for the hands after meals; dull copper incense-burners neither Chinese nor Persian, with friezes of fantastic devils running round them; tarnished silver belts that knotted like raw hide; hair-pins of jade, ivory, and plasma; arms of all sorts and kinds, and a thousand other oddments were cased, or piled, or merely thrown into the room...

(R. Kipling. Kim)

III. Read and translate the following description of a dolly-shop:

The stock-in-trade of this old gentleman comprise chrono- meters, barometers, telescopes, compasses, charts, maps, sextants,. quadrants, and specimens of every kind of instrument used in the working of a ship's course, or the keeping of a ship’s reckoning, or the prosecuting of a ship's discoveries. Objects in brass and glass were in his drawers and on his shelves, which none but the initiated could have found the top of, or guessed the use of, or having once examined, could have ever got back again into their mahogany nests without assistance. Everything was jammed into the tightest cases, fitted into the narrowest corners, [...] and screwed into the acutest angles, to prevent its philosophical composure from being disturbed by the rolling of the sea. Such extraordinary precautions were taken in every instance to save room, and keep the thing compact; and so much practical navigation was fitted, and cushioned, and screwed into every box (whether the box was a mere slab as some were, or something between a cocked hat and a star­fish, as others were, and those quite mild and modest boxes as compared with others); that the shop itself, partaking of the general infection, seemed almost to become a snug, sea­going, ship-shape concern, wanting only good sea-room, in the event of an unexpected launch, to work its way securely to any desert island in the world.

(Ch. Dickens. Dombey and Son)

AT THE ART-DEALER'S

"Professor Alabaster is the great collector," I said, "and he's looking for some good genuine stuff, oils." [...]

"Oh yes," said Ikey. [.,.]

"And he's very keen on Morland," I said. "You haven't got a little Morland?"² It was safe to ask for Morland. Every junk shop in England has two or three Morlands from one-and-sixpence, with horse and stable in a real wood frame, to seven-and-sixpence with added straw, figure, one tree and label of the Duke of Devonshire's collection at Chatsworth.

Ikey had two. Nice brown ones. The first had a horse, stable, dog, man and tree. The second was more important. It had a stable, a dog, a horse, a peasant, a tree and a gate.

"That's not bad," I said to Ikey, "I like the gate. It's real. I like the way it opens. How much is that one?"

"Thirty guineas, sir."

That didn't shake me. Thirty guineas is the usual price of a seven-and-sixpenny Morland, with gate.

"That's cheap for a genuine Morland," I said. "Can you give a guarantee? 1 couldn't advise Professor Alabaster to spend thirty guineas on a genuine Morland without a guar­antee."

"Oh yes," Ikey breathed in a faint voice. "Of course. It comes out of the Wallace collection."

"Well, even if they did throw it out, I might bring the Professor to see it. The horse's knees are very genuine. How much did you say?"

"Thirty-five guineas, sir," said Ikey. "The frame is original."

"Make it pounds."

"Couldn't take anything less than guineas, sir. It would fetch a hundred and fifty guineas at Christie’s. Only needs a little cleaning and restoration."

Suddenly Gulley Jimson notices another picture by a painter whose name he gives as Ruffisno. Much bargaining about the Morland and Ruffiano comes to nothing.

... I was just going out of the shop when I stopped and pointed at the Ruffiano. "I'll tell you what, I'll give you sixty guineas — and take it away tonight. Providing it's sound, of course, and a genuine Ruffiano."

"Couldn't do it under a hundred, sir."

"Split the difference⁵ and say seventy-five. Or look here, you're right about the frame. It's a good frame."

"Hand-carved pear, sir. You couldn't get such a frame for seventy-five guineas by itself."

"That's what I say. Fifty guineas is much too little. Split the difference and say sixty pounds for the frame alone. At least I'll let you have it for that. And that leaves two guineas for the canvas. Forty-two bob."

The argument goes on much in the same way for some more time.

“Thirty-nine for the Ruffiano. Thai's the lowest price,"said Ikey.

“We’ll make it guineas,Mr Isaacson. I always deal in guineas.Thirty-one and sixpence. And I’II do the insurance and packing at my own expense. Twenty-eight bob cash on the nail.”

"All right, sir," said the old rascal suddenly.

But of course Jimson never bought the picture.

(J. Cary. The Horse's Mouth)

NOT E S

¹ Gulley Jimson, an impoverished painter of great talent, comes to an art-dealer's to buy a canvas. But he enters into endless conver­sation with Mr. Isaacson, the dealer (who is facetiously referred to as Ikey), pretending that he wants to purchase a picture for his pa­tron, Professor Alabaster. Jimson himself is ragged, and Mr. Isaacson sees through him. But the shop is on the verge of ruin, and Mr. Isaacson is patient and polite.

² Morland, George (1763—1804), English painter of animals and rustic scenes.

³ pounds, guineas: a pound is worth 20—, and a guinea is worth 21—; for further details see pp. 27—28

⁴ Christie — a sale-room in London esp. for art sales

⁵ split the difference — agree upon a price between two figures that have been suggested

⁶ bob (pi. unchanged; slang, very common) — a shilling

⁷ cash on the nail — cash down; to pay on the nail means to pay at once, without delay (ср. русск. деньги на бочку)

EXERCISES

I. Explain in English what is:

He's very keen on Morland; a junk shop; a genuine Mor­land; it would fetch a hundred and fifty guineas; couldn't do it under a hundred; much too little.

II. Insert prepositions:

He's keen ... Morland; the usual price ... a seven-and-sixpenny Morland; that's cheap ... a genuine Morland; spend thirty guin­eas ... a genuine Morland; couldn't do it... a hundred; I always deal ... guineas; ... my own expense.

III. Pick out of the text the sentences with: Oh yes; that's what I say; look here; I'll tell you what; that's not bad — and use them in short dialogues of your own.

IV. Here is a bit of a conversation. Say where it could be overheard and who the two parties are. Develop this extract into a longer dialogue. (Make sure you know what is a bob, a quid and a guinea):

— Forty-two bob.

Impossible, sir

Well, say fifty bob for both of ‘em

• Both of them?

• Yes.

• Five guineas.

• Make it pounds.

• All right, sir, pounds.

• Split it and call it two quid and look here...

V. Dramatize several situations with a customer bargaining over something in a junk shop. Make use of the following vocabulary:

Customer Mow much is that one? Put it at a shilling Make it pounds. Split the difference. That's giving you more than it is worth. . That's fair enough. Call it twenty-four-and-nine- pence. I've done my best, and I can't do more, not if you go back on your bargain.

Salesman That's cheap for... That's a bit too cheap Couldn't take anything less than guineas. Couldn't do it under a hundred That’s the lowest prise. Cash on the nail. Nobody can say I’m not ready to meet you. Take it and you’ll get it all back twice over. All right, but cash.

VI. Tell the text in a nutshell.

AT THE TOBACCONIST'S

If anybody were to ask me which shop windows I found the most interesting, I should find it very hard to answer. My wife, I know, would be all in favour of the draper's, the milliner's and the jeweller's. My eldest son would be all for the sport shops with their golf clubs, tennis rackets, cricket bats and footballs. The children would vote for the toyshops, and as for me, well, I must confess to a weakness for the tobacconist's window.

It's not that I smoke a lot but there's something fascinat­ing about the neat little piles of different coloured tobaccos, the beautifully polished briar pipes, the attractive boxes of ci­gars and cigarettes. If you smoke a pipe, you have the choice of dozens of excellent brandy, of pipe-tobacco; if you like cigars, then you can vet them at any price you care to pay; and if you prefer cigarettes, you can buy Virginia, Turkish, or Egiptian whichever you like. Virginia cigarettes are, of cours those made of American tobacco.

Matches are good and cheap but most people nowadays use a lighter. In the tobacconist's window you'll also Find tobacco-pouches and cigarette-cases, holders., and all dial soil of thing. Many tobacconists arc at the same time newsagents, stationers, and booksellers, so that you can buy hooks, ma­gazines, newspapers, picture postcards, and other stationery, such as writing-pads, note-paper, blotting-paper, envelopes, ink, fountain-pens, pencils and so on. Very often you can buy sweets and chocolates there as well.

BUYING CIGARETTES

- Good afternoon. / should like some cigarettes please.

- What kind would you like? Virginia, Egyptian, or Turk­ish?

-Well, I think / should like to try some of each, and then I can

decide which I like best.

-How many would you want?

- I really don't know. Say, a packet of twenty Virginia, and a box of twenty-five of each of the others. Which brand do you recommend?

- If I were you, I should try these. They're not very expensive, and yet of quite good quality, rather mild, and they won't hurt your throat.

-All right, I'll take those. And I'd like some matches too.

-How many boxes?

-Oh — half a dozen?

-Certainly. What about some pipe tobacco? You can have it by the ounce,

or in a tin.

- No, thank you.

-Well, may I suggest a good Havana cigar?

- Well, I do enjoy a good cigar now and again, but aren't they rather

expensive?

- We've got them at various prices. This one, for instance, is quite good and

costs only four and ninepence (4/9).

-All right, I'll try it. Let me have five, please. Oh, I nearly forgot.

I should like a few flints for my lighter.

And now, add it all up and tell me how much I owe you.

- Let me see, that'll be thirty-nine and six (39/6) altogether.

- Here you are. Would you mind wrapping them up?

Thank you.

EXERCISES

I. Insert prepositions:

The choice... dozens... excellent brands... pipe-tobacco; you can get them... any price; experience is cheap ... any price; made.,. American tobacco; ... the tobacconist's window;... quite good quality; you can have tobacco... the ounce or... a tin.

II. Make up several short dialogues using the following word-combinations:

Have the choice of; at various prices; all that sort of thing; I should like to try some of each; add it up; wrap it up.

III. Make.up short conversations between a salesman and a cus­tomer using the following conversational formulas: / realty don't know; say, well (both used parenthetically); what about; let me see; cer­tainly; all right.

VI. Learn the dialogue by heart.

Additional Exercise

In English there is an odd word IOU which means a signed paper with the letters IOU, followed by a statement of the sum mon­ey, constituting a formal acknowledgement of debt, for example, IOU £ 5 John Smith. What do these letters stand for? Reread the end of the dialogue aloud and the answer will be clear.

AT THE JEWELLER'S

A. "Well?"

"I want to see a ring."

"What sort of ring?"

"A diamond ring."

"Ah! I presume it is for a young lady?"

"That's right."

" Oh well, we're only young once. Have you a finger fitting?"

"No. I never thought of that."

"It's usual. Perhaps your young lady would like to come in and try some of these on for herself."

"She can't. She doesn't even know I'm taking her this."

"In that case would you like to take one of these cards and try it on first so there'll be no mistake? You'll get an idea of the size that way."

"No. How much are they?"

"This one is twenty-five pounds and that one thirty-five pounds and that one fifteen pounds, and this one here is fifty-five pounds."

"Are they dinkum?"

"The diamonds, you mean? Yes. [...] My dear young fellow, do you think any jeweller is going to answer that any other way? Don't you know anything about rings?"

"No."

"And I take it you want this for an engagement ring?"

"Yes."

"How much do you want to spend on it?"

"I've got thirty-five pounds between me and next pay­day and I don't want to spend more than thirty pounds."

"You're honest."

"I don't know whether I'm honest or not, but it's all I've got, and I want to get something decent. Listen, my girl's sick in hospital — damn sick. I'm catching the first train to the mountains in the morning to visit her, see...? And if I find out later on that you've sold me a brum³ I'll come back and break your neck, see?"

"I see. On the mountains, you said? Ah! Then we must sec she gets something specially nice. Not that one. You can’t afford at that price, and / can't afford to sell it I'm less. But now this one... This one. It's marked thirty-live pounds. You can take a look at the ticket yourself. It’s quite a nice stone, and a nice selling. Just the one stone, you'll notice, so that's all you're pa'ying for. It's a nice little ring. Good taste, and your girl won't be ashamed to have anyone look at it. You can have it for thirty pounds.

"I'll take it, and don't forget what I said." "I won't forget. If it doesn't fit or if she doesn't like it bring it back .and we'll think about getting something to replace it. Take this finger card as well, just in case." "Thanks. Thanks."

(After Say No to Death by D. Cusack)

NOTES

¹ The action is laid in Australia. Janet Blackeley, a young girl, is dying of tuberculosis. Before her illness she was engaged to Bart Templeton. Now Bart wants to marry Janet. He has come to a jewel­- ler's to buy a ring.

² dinkum (Austr. si.)— genuine, real

³ brum (= Brummagem) (dial., si.) — counterfeit, cheap and showy

EXERCISES

I. Find in the text the English for:

Кольцо с бриллиантом; мерка; примерить; размер; под­дельные; оправа для камня; подходить по размеру; заменить; этикетка.

II. Think of several sentences with the word-combinations:

In that case, just in case, that way, any other way.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. Why did the jeweller guess that his customer wanted an engagement ring? 2. What did he mean saying, "It's usual"? 3. Why did Bart's question, "Are they dinkum?" strike the jeweller as naive? 4. Was the jeweller decent to Bart? 5. Could Bart carry out his threat and 'break the man's neck'? Give your reasons. 6. Do you think the jeweller met Bart half way out of mere professional politeness? Or did some sympathy with the young man come in here too?

IV. Compare the situation in the text with that described in the following dialogue. Learn the dialogue by heart:

mr. dobson: Will you show me some rings, please?

shopkeeper: Certainly, sir. What sort of rings do you want to see?

mr. d.: Wedding-rings, please.

shopkeeper: The lady isn't with you, is she? Do you know the size of her ring-finger?

mr. d.: Yes, I thought about that. Here's my pen. A ring that will go easily on this pen will be the right size for her ring-finger.

V. (a) Dramatize the dia­logue between the young people before they came to the shop.

(b) Dramatize the dialogue between the young man and the shopkeeper before the beginning of the scene.

B. Together they went over to the shop window and stood pressed against it. It contained but one object — a double row of great, even pearls clasped by a deep emerald around a little pink velvet throat.

"What do you suppose they cost?" Annabel ['aenabel] said.

"Gee, I don't know," Midge said. "Plenty, I guess."

"Like a thousand dollars?" Annabel said.

"Oh, I guess like more," Midge said. "On account of the emerald."

"Well, like ten thousand dollars?" Annabel said.

"Gee, I wouldn't even know," Midge said.

The devil nudged Annabel in the ribs. "Dare you to go in and price them?" she said.

"Like fun!" Midge said.

"Dare you," Annabel said.

"Why, a store like this wouldn't even be open this af­ternoon," Midge said.

"Yes, it is so, too," Annabel said. "People just came out. And there's a doorman on. Dare you."

"Well," Midge said. "But you've got to come too."

They tendered thanks, icily, to the doorman for usher­ing them into the shop. It was cool and quiet, a broad, gracious room with panelled walls and soft carpet. But the girls wore expressions of bitter disdain, as if they stood in a sty.

A slim, immaculate clerk came to them and bowed. His neat face showed no astonishment at their appearance.

"Good afternoon," he said. He implied that he would never forget it if they would grant him the favour of ac­cepting his soft-spoken greeting.

"Good afternoon," Annabel and Midge said together, and in like freezing accents.

"Is there something — ?" the clerk asked.

"Oh, we're just looking," Annabel said. It was as if she flung the words down from a dais.

The clerk bowed.

"My friend and myself merely happened to be passing," Midge said, and stopped, seeming to listen to the phrase. "My friend here and myself," she went on, "merely hap­pened to be wondering how much are those pearls you've got in your window."

"Ah, yes," the clerk said. "The double rope. That is two .hundred and fifty thousand dollars, madam."

"I see," Midge said.

The clerk bowed. "An exceptionally beautiful necklace," he said. "Would you care to look at it?"

"No, thank you," Annabel said.

"My friend and myself merely happened to be passing,"

Midge said.

They turned to go; to go, from their manner, where the tumbrel awaited them. The clerk sprang ahead and opened the door. He bowed as they swept by him.

(D. Parker. The Standard of Living)

NOTE.

¹ Annabel and Midge are stenographers. They live in New York and earn less than twenty dollars a week. Half of this money goes to support their families.

EXERCISES

I. (a) Learn by heart this part of the girls' conversation and translate it into Russian paying special attention to the translation of the word .yes:

— Why, a store like this would not even be open this afternoon.

— Yes, it is so, too.

(b) Express your disagreement with the following:

1. The moon doesn't shine at night. 2. John's watch didn't cost half of this price. 3. Smith isn't a man to pay through the nose. 4. I don't think Mary has ever worn pearls.

II. Answer the following questions:

1. What object in the shop window riveted the girls' atten­tion? 2. Why did Annabel and Midge hesitate before they entered the shop? 3. Why did they put on a proud front while passing the doorman and speaking to the shop-assistant? (Find in the text all that is said about the manner they assumed in the shop.)

4. How did the shop-assistant behave to the girls? Was he decent to them or did he snub them? (Prove your answer by quotations.)

4. Why didn't the girls care to look at that exceptionally beautiful necklace? 6. What was the end of the girls' shopping?

III. Describe (1) the' shop; (2) the shop-assistant (his appearance and manners); speak of his professional efficiency.

IV. Retell the text in a few sentences.

V. (a) Dramatize from memory the dialogue between the girls and the conversation in the shop.

(b) Dramatize the following into dialogues. (Consult the text as much as possible.)

1. After Midge and Annabel have left, the clerk and the doorman discuss the girls' manners making fun of their sham gentility. 2. A millionaire's daughter comes into the shop and prices the same pearls. The clerk lays himself out to ingra­tiate himself with her.

AT A FLORIST'S AND AT AN ANTIQUE SHOP

Rosemary had been married two years... And her husband absolutely adored her. They were rich, really rich, not just comfortably off, which is odious and stuffy and sounds like one's grandparents. But if Rosemary wanted to shop she would go to Paris as you and I would go to Bond Street.' If she wanted to buy flowers, the car pulled up at the perfect shop in Regent Street,² and Rose­mary inside the shop just gazed in her dazzled, rather exotic way, and said: "/ want those and those and those. Give me four bunches of those. And that jar of roses. Yes, I'll have all the roses in the jar. No, no lilac. I hate lilac. It's got no shape." The attendant bowed and put the lilac out of sight as though this was only too true, lilac was dreadfully shapeless. "Give me those stumpy little tulips. Those red and white ones." And she was followed to the car by a thin shop-girl staggering under an immense white paper armful that looked like a baby in long clothes.

One winter afternoon she had been buying something in a little antique shop in Curzon Street.⁸ It was a shop she liked. For one thing, one usually had it to oneself. And then the man who kept it was ridiculously fond of serving her. He beamed whenever she came in. He clasped his hands; he was so gratified he could scarcely speak. Flattery of course. All the same, there was something... [...]

To-day it was a little box. He had been keeping it for her. He had shown it to nobody as yet. An exquisite little enamel box with a glaze so fine it looked as though it had been baked in cream. On the lid a minute [mai'nju:t] creature stood under a flowery tree, and a more minute creature still had her arms round his neck. Her hat, really no bigger than a geranium petal, hung from a branch; it had green ribbons. And there was a pink cloud like a watchful cherub floating above their heads. Rosemary took her hands out of her long gloves. She al­ways took off her gloves to examine such things. Yes, she liked it very much. She loved it; it was a great duck. She must have it. [...] But what was the price? For a moment the shopman did not seem to hear. Then a mur­mur reached her. "Twenty-eight guineas, madam."

"Twenty-eight guineas." Rosemary gave no sign. She laid the little box down; she buttoned her gloves again.

Twenty-eight guineas. Even if one is rich... She looked vague. [...] "Well, keep it for me —will you? I'll..."

But the shopman had already bowed as though keeping it for her was all any human being could ask. He would be willing, of course, to keep it for her for ever.

(K. Mansfield. A Cup of Tea)

NOTES

¹ Bond Street is situated near Piccadilly and is famous for many shops (notably jewellers').

^s Regent Street is one of the central streets of London, also a famous shopping-area.

³ Curzon Street is situated very near Regent Street and Bond Street.

EXERCISES

I. Say it in English:

Состоятельные люди; делать покупки; продавщица; обслу­живать; антикварная лавка; держать лавку; я куплю все розы из кувшина.

II. Supply the «missing remarks of the dialogue between Rosemary and the attendant:

— …

— I want those and those and those.

— …

— Give me four bunches of those. And that jar of roses.

—… —Yes, I'll have all the roses in the jar.

— ….

• No, no lilac. 1 hate lilac. It's got no shape.

• …

— Give me those stumpy little tulips. Those red and white ones.

— …

III. Dramatize a dialogue (1) between the shopman and Rosemary about the enamel box; (2) between Rosemary and her husband. (Rose­mary describing the box, her husband willing to gratify her wish.)

IV. Answer the following questions:

1. What kind of life did Rosemary lead? 2. Why were shopmen so ridiculously fond of serving Rosemary? 3. What scene did the lid of the enamel box represent? 4. Did Rose­mary like the box? What do you think of her taste? 5. Could Rosemary afford 28 guineas for the box? What did the shop­man think of it? 6. What is the author's attitude towards Rosemary?

SELF-SELECTION AND SELF-SERVICE

Self-selection

This is normal shopping, but with complete freedom for the shopper to choose from entirely visible stock: the customer either picking up or indicating the article of her choice to an assistant near by. The customer makes pay­ment over the counter (or is given a chit for presentation at the cash desk if that happens to be the cash system em­ployed. More often there is a cash register near the display). With self-selection it is more convenient for the customer to make a quick or leisurely choice from the displayed merchandise, and the staff is saved much fetching and carrying; the attendance of the staff at the point of sale is, still essential.

Self-service

This is not normal shopping in that it obviates the need for personal attendance on the customer while making it necessary for the customer to conform to three conditions.

She must:

1. Enter the shop through one door and leave it through another.

2. Carry a basket or push a trolley, either of which is handed to her on entering. In some stores the customer is also required to deposit her own bag or basket on enter­ing and to reclaim it when she gets back to the check-out. [...]

3. Pass through a check-out, where she makes one pay­ment for all her purchases which are then transferred to her own basket.

The development of the self-service system of retailing in this country [i. e. Great Britain] has made it necessary to give attention to the pre-packing of food products that have hitherto been displayed unwrapped and often in bulk. These products, now being put up in consumer packs and for the first time sold under proprietary brand names in the same way as manufactured commodities, are fresh fruit, vegeta­bles, butcher's meat, poultry and wet fish.¹ [...]

Almost solely responsible for the Initiation and development of pre-packaging of fresh produce, the larger self-service stores, some of which are known is supermarkets, have, by both example and demand, popularized the Site of these new supplies of ready-wrapped produce, several of these new food outlets introduced their own pre-packaging departments on their own premises. By demand, because, by tackling this new venture enthusiastically, and display­ing these unfamiliar packs attractively, clearly price-marked, easily picked up and generally under refrigerated conditions they have already caused thousands of house­wives to buy by this method.

( A.E. Hammond. Packaging and Display Encyclopaedia)

NOTE

¹ By wet fish is normally meant the various kinds of white fish, such as cod, halibut, hake, plaice, sole, turbot and whiting, and others such as herring, normally sold from the fishmonger's slab, and not including shell-fish or smoked fish such as haddock and kippers, or quick-frozen fish.

EXERCISES

I. (a) Quote the sentences where the combinations pick up, put up and fetch and carry are met with and learn these sentences by heart.

(b) Say it in English

Самообслуживание; покупатель; товар; прилавок; чек; касса; покупки; расфасованные товары.

II. (a) Answer the following questions:

I. Do you remember when self-service was first introduced into our shops? 2.What do you think were the reasons for the introduction of the new system? 3. How are self-service shops organized? 4. Can we take the wares displayed in self-service shops in our hands or are these displays of the "Don't touch" kind? 5. Instead of the traditional Cashier's Desk most self-service shops have Payment Desks which are called: Sales Desk, Cashier-Wrapper Desk, Desk for Wrapping and Payment, Service Desk. Do you think these are different names or differ­ent things? 6. What is the difference between self-service and self-selection?

III. Situations for dramatizing:

1. A big self-service shop on the day after stock-taking. The senior shop-assistants of all departments tell the chief about its results.

2. A supporter of the self-service system is arguing with its critic.

Make use of the vocabulary of the text and of the following word-combinations: to reduce the cost of staff; to make shopping easier; to select one's merchandise without assistance; to make a selection with a minimum of help; to control pilferage and soilage.

IV. Retell the following text:

The extent to which selling has been shifted from clerk to customer varies widely in different stores and in different departments in the same store. At one extreme, the customer merely starts to select unaided; at the other, all of the transaction is on a self-service basis.

All such systems have been loosely termed self-selection, but many other names have been used. One store calls its system modified selling. The customer is given the usual help until the sale is made and then is directed to a special desk to make payment.

In modified self-service the customer selects the goods without help, but must find a salesperson in order to pay for the goods. Simplified selling is the name given by some store to a plan involving customary procedures but depending on improved displays and signs to encourage the customer to start selecting.

Some of the other names coined are streamlined selling, fast selection, easy selection, preselection, quick service, semi-self-service, and visual merchandising.

(E. H. Hawkins and С. Е. Wolf Jr. Merchandise Display, 1946)

V. Discuss the problem: Self-service as a means of education.

BUYING AND PAWNING

If there was nothing we could afford outright, we'd go to the Scotch Stall — so called not because its owner was a Scotsman, but because that was the local adjective for hire-purchase.

The prices for the clothes were disgracefully high, but as the stallkeeper usually got more misses than payments, I suppose he just about evened up.

I didn't like his dresses, -but he always had a line in hats that attracted me. They never matched anything else I wore, but I went in for the fanciest sort I could get.

Another thing in favour of hats was that they weren't so easy to pawn. If any of our household got a decent pair of shoes, as distinct from clogs, or a coat without any holes in it, or a jacket without a torn lining, before the week was up it would be in the pawnshop.

And after that the most you could ever hope to get from it would be to wear on Sundays. Sometimes, of course, you wouldn't even have that, because Saturday's wages wouldn't run to getting it out. But in any case it wasn't much to look at after being bundled away on a dirty shelf for six days.

(J. Walsh. Not Like This)

EXERCISES

I. (a) Find In the text the English for the following:

В рассрочку; ломбард; выкупить из ломбарда; заложить и ломбард; замысловатый; фасон; потери; платежи.

(b) Find in the text synonyms of the following words and word-combinations:

On the never-never system; exhorbitant prices; shopman; sort.

II. Insert prepositions:

The local adjective ... hire-purchase; the prices ... the clothes; a line ... hats; I went in ... the fanciest sort I could get; another thing ... favour... hats; before the week was up it would be... the pawnshop; Saturday's wages wouldn't run... getting it out; bundled away... a dirty shelf... six days.

III. (a) Answer the following questions:

1. What can you say about the social standing of the sto­ry-teller? 2. What is your opinion of her taste? 3. Many years had passed before J. Walsh began to write her book. Do you think her taste had changed since her youth? 4. Why did the pawnshop in that place thrive?

IV. What are these conversations about and where were they overheard?

1.— I'd very much like to have a new pair of shoes.

—We can't afford it now. Father wouldn't hear of such a thing after all his losses.

2. — But that means that I shan't be able to get out the watch!

— You don't need your watch: we've got a clock in the house, haven't we?

3. — Why is the hat so cheap?

—It's a line they are discontinuing, madam.

4. — Well, the boots don't pinch and fit me all right.

—But will they match your new suit? —They'll suit me even If they don't.

5. — Everybody goes in for .such scarfs now

--All the same they don't attract me

V. Learn by heart the following dialogue:

- I often go to the hosier, when I want new gloves or ties, socks, handkerchiefs or shirts. The one I go to in Regent Street has also hats and collars, and all of very good quality.

• What size do you take in hats, collars and gloves?

• Oh, yes; the English sizes are not the same as most continental ones. I take size 7 in hat, 15 ½ in collar, 8 in gloves and 8'/₂ in shoes.

• You sound as if you were bigger round the neck than round the head.

Additional Exercise

Read and translate the following text:

Consumer credit refers to short and intermediate debt obli­gations usually repayable within three years or less. It includes instalment as well as non-instalment credit. The latter consists primarily of charge accounts, service credit such as that extended by doctors, dentists, utility companies, and loans that are to be repaid in a single instalment. [...]

Instalment credit accounts for a major part of the con­sumer's total short and intermediate term debt. This is credit usually extended to the consumer by retailers or banks in con­nection with the purchase of durable goods — cars, appliances, home furnishings. It also includes loans secured for moderni­zation or repair of homes and general personal loans. In almost all instances, repayments are made in accordance with a prear­ranged schedule, usually covering a period of 36 months or less. Home mortgage debt is not included under the definition instalment credit.

AUCTION

Walking along Front Street one day, a street of importing and wholesale establishments, he¹ saw an auction­eer's flag hanging out before a wholesale grocery and from the interior came the auctioneer's voice: "What am I bid for this exceptional lot of Java coffee, twenty-two bags all told, which is now selling in the market for seven dollars and thirty-two cents a bag wholesale? What am I bid? What am I bid? The whole lot must go as one. What am I bid?" "Eighteen dollars," suggested a trader standing near the door, more to start the bidding than anything else. Frank paused.

"Twenty-two!" called another.

"Thirty! " a third. "Thirty-five! " a fourth, and so up to seventy-five, less than half of what it was worth.

"I'm bid seventy-five! I'm bid seventy-five!" called the auctioneer, loudly. "Any other offers? Going once at seventy-five; am I offered eighty? Going twice at seventy-five, and —" he paused, one hand raised dramatically. Then he brought it down with a slap in the palm of the other — "sold to Mr. Silas Gregory for seventy-five. Make a note of that, Jerry," he called to his [...] clerk beside him. Then he turned to another lot of grocery staples — this time starch, eleven barrels of it.

(Th. Dreiser. The Financier)

NOTE

¹ he — Frank Cowperwood

EXERCISES

I. Answer the questions:

1. How did Cowperwood learn that there was an auction In grocery? 2. Were the wares at the auction sold by whole-sale or by retail? (And what is the difference between wholesale and retail trade?) 3. Was coffee sold by the pound, by the kilogram, by the ton? How was it sold? 4. What do we call 'very item offered separately for sale at an auction? 5. What is the formula an auctioneer uses addressing the public? 6. What usually brings the bidding to an end? 7. What does an auctioneer say knocking down an article to a bidder? 8. Why do things sold by auction go so cheap?

II. Dramatize sales where (1) furniture, (2) jewellery, (3) pic­tures, (4) furs are auctioned off. Mind that besides the kind of auction described above there exists the so-called Dutch auction in which the price is reduced by the auctioneer till a purchaser is found.

AUCTIONEERING

In the summer now he returned to Altamont,¹ finding employment with a firm of land-auctioneers, and assisting them at the sale of a tract of a parcel of lots. He moved about the crowd in the bed of a wagon, exhorting them to bid, with his hand at the side of his mouth, in a ha­rangue compounded of frenzy, passionate solicitation, and bawdry. The work intoxicated him. With wide grins of expectancy they crowded round the spokes. In a high throaty tenor he called to them:

"Step right up, gentlemen, lot number 17, in beautiful Homewood — we furnish the wood, you furnish the home. Now, gentlemen, this handsome building-site has a depth of 179 feet, leaving plenty of room for garden and brick-house (grow your own corn cobs in beautiful Homewood) with a frontage of 114 feet on a magnificent new mac­adam road."

"Where is the road?" someone shouted.

"On the blueprint, of course, Colonel. You've got it all in black and white. Now, gentlemen, the opportunity of your lives is kicking you in the pants. Are you men of vision? Think what Ford, Edison, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Julius Caesar would do. Obey that impulse. You can't lose. The town is coming this way. Listen carefully. Do you hear it? Swell. The new courthouse will be built on yonder 'hill, the undertaker and (he village bakery will occupy handsome edifices of pressed brick just above you. Oyez, oyez, oyez. ² What am I offered? What am I of­fered? Own your own home in beautiful Homewood, within a cannonshot of all railway, automobile, and airplane con­nections. Running water abounds within a Washingtonian stone's throw and in all the pipes. Our caravans meet all trains. Gentlemen, here's your chance to make a fortune. The ground is rich in mineral resources — gold, silver, cop­per, iron, bituminous coal and oil, will be found in large quantities below the roots of all the trees." [...]

He was a hustler: he sold patent washboards, trick po­tato-peelers, and powdered cockroach poison from house to house. To the Negroes he sold hair-oil guaranteed to straight­en kinky hair, and religious lithographs peopled with flying angels, white and black, and volant cherubs, black and white, sailing about the knees of an impartial and crucified Saviour, and subtitled "God Loves Them Both".

They sold like cakes. (Th. Wolfe. Look Homeward, Angel)

NOTES

¹he—Luke Gant, a young man; Altamont is his native town.

²oyez (also oyes, о yes; from the old French imperative oyez 'listen!')—a cry always repeated three times (usually by a town-crier or usher in a law-court) to demand silence and attention. The old meaning of the French verb has long been forgotten, and popular etymology has turned it into о yes. Here Luke Gant, carried away by his own solicitations, pronounces this formula almost as an incan­tation to key up the bidders.

EXERCISES

I. Answer the questions:

1. What assured Luke's success at auctions? 2. What is there in Luke's speech that can be classified as frenzy, passion­ate solicitation and even bawdry? 3. What made Luke's exhor­tations to bid particularly funny? 4. Do you believe Luke? In any case describe the lot as you think it will look like in ten years. 5. What wares did Luke sell when he was not ' employed by land auctioneers?

2. He is a list of plus and minus qualities that has proved useful to sales managers in helping salesmen to remedy their deficiences and to understand unsuccessful salesmen. Comment on this list. Characterize some salesman you know applying these criteria to him. Do the same with the character of Luke.

Minus Qualities

Bad-tempered

Grouchy

Intemperate

Variable

Easily discouraged

Easily discouraged

Jealous

Sensitive

Treacherous

Lacking in spirit

Egotistic

Lazy

Unambitious

Plus Qualities

Agreeable

Dignified

Loyal

Willing

Trustworthy

Well-poised Jealous

Fine appearance Sensitive

Broad-visioned Treacherous

Energetic Lacking in spirit

Strong of personality Lazy

Persistent Unambitious

Regardful of discipline

(S. R. Halls. The Handbook of Sales Management)

Additional Exercise

(a) Translate into Russian paying special attention to the itali­cized parts:

Over £ 2 m was obtained at the auction of Healey and Baker. One of the main lots was King Edward House, New Street, Birmingham (offered jointly with Jack Cotton and Partners) winch fetched £ 550 000. A group of commercial investment properties in Cardiff brought in a total of nearly £ 100 000.

MARKETING

LONDON FOOD MARKETS

The London markets are exceptional in more ways than one... Since London's needs and size are so great it has many specialized markets instead of one huge general mar­ket, and the wholesale prices of goods in the London markets set the standard of prices for most of the country, for it is in these markets more than in any others that home produce and foreign produce meet.

Smithfield, just east of Farringdon Street, is London's chief wholesale meat market, and here soon after midnight, when there is little other traffic, streams of lorries arrive from the docks with Argentine, Australian and New Zealand chilled meat which must be disposed of if possible within two days of its leaving the ships' cooling-chambers. The retail butchers arrive about 6 a. m. with their vans to make their purchases, and the business of the market is nearly over by the time most of us are having our break­fast. Although this market is very ancient — it is a City meat-market under a charter from Edward III¹ — it has been modernized, and there is plenty of space for showing the meat and for vans to move in and out.

The market for live [laiv] British cattle is at Islington once famous for its dairy farms. The market and slaughter­houses were established in 1855, close to the yards of the railways that convey the cattle from the Midlands.

Billingsgate Market, with a history that runs back to the Dark Ages [...] handles on the average over five hun­dred tons of fish a day; but its site, just below London Bridge is now so cramped that there is little room for carts and lorries, and a great deal of the work has to be done by the costly method of human porterage. There are about 1,400 licensed fish-porters, who have a great rush of work between 6 and 8 a. m., when the fishmongers come for their day's supplies.

Leadenhall Poultry Market lies only a quarter-mile north Of Billingsgate, handy for the many retailers who sell both fish and poultry. Around it have gathered rows of poultry-shops which make a tremendous show at Christ­mas-time.

Vegetables, fruit and flowers are bulky and on the whole very perishable, so their marketing depends in a high degree upon transport. Yet Covent Garden, London's best-known market, lies among narrow streets, theatres and publishing houses just north of the Strand, a long way from the main railway termini. A century ago, when it sold the produce of Fulham and Battersea market-gardens to a smaller London its little square was sufficient, but its' business now overflows into the neigh­bouring streets. The busiest hours, however, are between 3 and 6 a. m. when streams of lorries arrive with vege­tables, fruit and flowers picked the evening before, and when the greengrocers bring their vans to make the day's purchases. Cornish flowers brought by night-express train to Paddington are on sale less than twelve hours from their gathering. About a million tons of produce are handled every year in the market and neighbouring streets, and much of this is sent out to shops far beyond the limits of London. But every increase in the trade of Covent Garden Market now tends to slow down its movement, and its removal to a larger site has often been mooted.

Since 1928 some of the load on Covent Garden has been taken by a new wing of Spitalfields ['spitlfi:ldz] Market, which is well placed to supply the many restau­rants of the City with vegetables and fruit. It is near the Docks and very close to the Bishopsgate Station of the L.N.E.R.,² and can therefore receive imported produce and the fruit and vegetables of East Anglia. In this market large cargoes of well-graded fruits can be sold by samples which come up into the auction rooms by means of lifts; this makes for speed of sale and saving of transport — the only means by which London can cope with the increas­ing supplies that its growth demands. In 1934 a Large flower-market was added.

Stratford and King's Cross Markets ore excel lent exam pies of Railway Age enterprise, for both are on sidings unit at both of them large quantities of potatoes, celery, peas, rhubarb and the like from Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and East Anglia are rapidly disposed of. Very early every morning; a long train known as the "Vegetable Express" rumbles into Stratford out of the East-Anglian night, and by the time school bells are ringing its freight is on sale In greengrocers' shops all over East London.

(J. F. P. Thornhill. Greater London. A Social Geography)

NOTE

¹ Edward HI, King of England (1327—1377)

² L. N. E. R. —London North-East Railway

EXERCISES

I. Say it in English:

Мясной рынок; рынок скота; продажа на рынке; тонны товара; цены на товары; через рынок проходит в среднем около пятидесяти тонн рыбы в день.

II. Insert prepositions:

The wholesale prices ... goods ... the London markets; the business ... the market is nearly over; the market ... live Brit­ish cattle; flowers are ... sale less than twelve hours ... their gathering; chilled meat must be disposed ... if possible ... two days ... its leaving the ships' cooling-chambers; the fishmon­gers come ... their day's supplies; large cargoes of well-graded fruits sold ... samples which come up ... the auction rooms by means of lifts.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. How are the London markets exceptional? 2. In what London markets do they sell live cattle? meat? fish? vege­tables? fruit? flowers? 3. What handicaps efficient marketing at Covent Garden and in Billingsgate Market? 4. What shops and retailers are mentioned in the description and what is the business of each of these retailers? 5. Why is it just at Christ­mas time that poultry-shops make a tremendous show? 6. What vehicles are mentioned in the description? What goods do they carry? 7. What train is called the Vegetable Express? 8. Which are the busiest hours in most markets and why?

IV. Speak briefly of each of the markets described in the texts.

V. Give a detailed description of the market (or markets) of your town. Use the vocabulary of the text.

Additional Exercises

I. Read and translate the following description. Say what makes it so vivid and beautiful:

Usually the circus would arrive at a new town very early in the morning, before daybreak. He would go into town imme­diately: he would go to the markets, or with farmers who had come in for the circus. [...] He walked among the farmers» wagons, and he dealt with them on the spot for the prodigal plenty of their wares — the country melons bedded in sweet hay, the cool, sweet pounds of butter wrapped in clean, wet cloths, with dew and starlight still upon them, the enormous battered cans foaming with fresh milk, the new-laid eggs which he bought by the gross and hundred dozen, the tender, limey pullets by the score, the delicate bunches of green scallions, *' the heavy red ripeness of huge tomatoes, the sweet-leaved lettuces, crisp as celery, the fresh-podded peas and the succu­lent young beans, as well as the potatoes spotted with the loamy earth, the winy apples, the peaches, and the cherries, the juicy corn stacked up in shocks of luring green, and the heavy, blackened rinds of the home-cured hams and bacons.

As the markets opened, he would begin to trade and dicker with the butchers for their finest cuts of meat. They would hold great roasts up in their gouted fingers, they would roll up tubs of fresh-ground sausage, they would smack with their long palms the flanks of beeves and porks. He would drive back to the circus with a wagon full of meat and vegetables.

(Th. Wolfe. The Web and the Rock)

II. Translate the following passages and discuss them:

(A) COSTERS

There is a distinct difference in "class" between the ped­lars and the costers. These latter claim for themselves, and not without justification, the status of an aristocracy, of street ven­dors. [...] Costers are by no means to be numbered among the London poor. They are men of substance. Their haulage animals and their vehicles are both of good quality. The Cockney coster, whether he has a permanent stall pitch in a market street, or whether he has a "round"—that is, an area consist­ing of a number of streets adjacent to each other which he visits daily vending his wares from door to door — is as dig­nified and as individualistic in his occupation as are any other endogamous peasant folk in the country. [...] In old time the costers traded in both greengrocery and fish. Today itinerant fishmongers are rarely of the coster race whereas there are numerous well set up establishments in main road shopping parades selling the choicest of fruit, flowers and vegetables, the proprietors of which are of coster descent. [...] Costermongering simple as it may seem, calls for qualities of shrewdness, vigour, determination, and above all, wit. The down-and-out who stands silent upon the kerb in a market street with boot­laces in his hand and hope in his heart, will retain the former and lose the latter. [...]

In the old days a pitch in a market street was very hard to get. The rule itself was simple: the first to set up a stall in the morning held the position; and though the costers respected each other's claims, jealous shopkeepers sometimes waged a pitch-jumping war, and quite lively seconds were spent pushing stalls over and receiving black eyes, till the police were called (by the shopkeepers, needless to add). Today with licences and rentings and market-refuse-removal fees and the like to pay, the coster's pitch is safe from attack; however the markets cannot accommodate all who have something to sell. On the outskirts of the area barrow-boys lurk, and the more ambitious, with a load of exotic fruit or expensive flowers, invade "Central London's streaming road" — the Strand, Fleet Street, Ludgate Hill, Cannon Street, Oxford Street. [...] Closely akin to the costers are the small (that is, small by comparison with the combines) cartage contractors. The humblest coster, whose only means of transport is a hand-barrow, is always willing, subject to the time of day and the business of the market, to undertake transport of goods for a modest fee. Those in a bigger way, possessing a horse and cart, make a side­line of furniture removals; and there are others who, through this branch of industry, have graduated out of the market. By possessing a small fleet of vans, they have ceased to be "costers", and have become "business men".

(B) COVENT GARDEN PORTERS' BASKET RACE

This great sporting event, the participants in which wear no special uniform — merely the ragged trousers, rough shirt and coarse footgear of their normal workaday donning — calls ho spectators from the lounges and bars of luxury, rouses no enthusiasm in the general public, attracts no parasites of the 'sporting fraternity'. With a pile of baskets poised on their heads, and towering up above first-floor windows they weave their way through the normal obstructions of the adjacent streets at a speed that would be hard to maintain even with­out the supracranial pillars of baskets. They steer clear of obstacles, keeping their necks rigid and, swivelling eyes to the right and to the left, preserve the equilibrium of the load. The other wholesale markets each have their specialities in balance, speed and skill; but potato sacks are less picturesque than bushel baskets, and fish boxes are positively repulsive.

(J. Franklyn. The Cockney. A Survey of London Life and Language)

III. Read the following description. Describe a fair you have seen.

Levenford Fair was an annual festival, the nucleus of which was the congregation of a number of travelling troupes and side-shows,^l a small menagerie, which featured actually an elephant and a cage of two lions, an authentic shooting gal­lery where real bullets were used, and two fortune-tellers with unimpeachable and freely displayed credentials, which together with a variety of other minor attractions assembled at an agreed date upon that piece of public land known locаlly as the Сommon. The ground was triangular in shape. On one side, at the town end, stood the solidly important components of the fair, the larger tents and marquees, on another the moving vehicles of pleasure, swings, roundabouts and merry go-rounds and on the third, bordering the meadows of the river I.even, were the galleries, coco-nut shies, ¹ lab-in-the-tub ² and molly-dolly ³ stalls, the fruit, lemonade, hokey-pokey and nougat vendors, and a multitude of small booths which .engaged and fascinated the eye. The gathering was by far the largest of its kind in the district and, its popularity set by precedent and appreciation, it drew like a magnet upon the town and countryside during the evenings for the period of one scintil­lating week embracing within its confines jovial mass of humanity, which even now slowly surged around the trigon on a perpetually advancing wave of pleasure.

¹a small show or entertainment at a larger one

(A. J. Cronin. Hatter's Castle)

FOR REFERENCE NOTE

¹ this attraction consists in knocking down coco-nuts from poles by wooden balls; one who manages to knock down a coco-nut gets it as a prize

² a kind of game of marbles a soft sweets and playthings

MARKETS IN LONDON

The City Corporation exercises a control over the ma­jority of the London markets, which dates from the close of' the 14 th century, when dealers were placed under the governance of the mayor and aldermen. The markets thus controlled are:

Central Markets, Smithfield, for meat, poultry, provi­sions, fruit, vegetables, flowers and fish. These extend over a great area, north of Newgate Street and east of Farringdon Road. Beneath them are extensive underground railway sidings. A market for horses and cattle existed here at least as early as the time of Henry II, 1133—1189.

Leadenhall Market, Leadenhall Street, City, for poultry and meat. The market was in existence before 1411, when it came into the possession of the City.

Billingsgate Market by the Thames immediately above the Custom house. Lower Thames Street, London Bridge for fish. Formerly a point of anchorage for small vessels, it was made a free market in 1699.

Smithfield Hay Market.

Metropolitan Cattle Market, Copenhagen Fields, Islington .

Deptford Cattle Market (foreign cattle).

Spitalfields Market (fruit, vegetables and flowers.

Shadwell Market (fish).

Shadwell and Columbia Markets also serve the East of London, and the Borough Market the South.

The Whitechapel Hay Market and Borough Market Southwark are under the control of trustees; and Woolwich Market is under the Council.

JUMBLE MARKET

There was a jumble market every Monday afternoon in the old market-place in town. Ursula and Birkin¹ strayed down there one afternoon. They had been talking of furniture, and they wanted to see if there was any frag­ment they would like to buy. [...]

The old market-square was not very large, a mere bare patch of granite setts, usually with a few fruit-stalls under a wall. It was in a poor quarter of the town. Meagre houses stood down one side, there was a hosiery factory, a great blank with myriad oblong windows at the end, a street 6f little shops with flagstone pavement, the public baths, of new red brick, with a clock-tower. [...]

Ursula was superficially thrilled when she found herself out among the common people, in the fumbled place piled with old bedding, heaps of old iron, shabby crockery in pale lots, muffed lots of unthinkable clothing. She and Birkin went unwillingly down the narrow aisle between the rusty wares. He was looking at the goods, she at the people.

She excitedly watched a young woman who was going to have a baby, and who was turning over a mattress and making a young man, down-at-heel and dejected, feel it also. [...] When they had felt the mattress, the young woman asked the old man seated on a stool among his wares how much it was. He told her and she turned to the young man. The latter was ashamed and self-conscious. He turned

his face away, though he left his body standing there, and muttered aside. And again the woman anxiously and ac­tively fingered the mattress and added up in her mind and bargained with the old, unclean man. All the while the young man stood by, shamefaced and down-at-heel, sub­mitting.

"Look," said Birkin, "there is a pretty chair."

"Charming!" cried Ursula. "Oh, charming." It was an arm-chair of simple wood, probably birch, but of such fine delicacy of grace, standing there on the sordid stones, it almost brought tears to the eyes. It was square in shape of the purest, slender lines, and four short lines of wood in the back, that reminded Ursula of harp-strings.

"It was once," said Birkin, "gilded —and it had a cane seat. Somebody has nailed this wooden seat in. Look, here is a trifle of the red that underlay the gilt. The rest is all black, except where the wood is worn pure and glossy. It is the fine unity of the lines that is so attractive. Look, how they run and meet and counteract. But of course the wooden seat is wrong —it destroys the perfect lightness and unity in tension the cane gave. I like it though — "

"Ah yes," said Ursula, "so do I."

"How much is it?" Birkin asked the man.

"Ten shillings."

"And you will send it — ?"

It was bought.

(D. H. Lawrence. Women in Love)

NOTE

¹ Birkin and Ursula are going to get married.

EXERCISES

I. (a) Find in the text the English for:

Толкучий рынок; рыночная площадь; фруктовые ларьки; чулочная фабрика; постельные принадлежности; плохонькая фаянсовая посуда; товары; прикинуть цену; торговаться; по­щупать вещь.

2. Read each of the following sentences aloud and answer the questions given in brackets.

1. The market-square is not large though. (You expected it to be much larger, didn't you?) 2. I'd like to buy this piece though. (There's something wrong with all pieces, isn't there?)

3. It was once gilded though. (Do you think it makes up for its other defects?)

II. Answer the following questions:

1. Where was the jumble market situated? 2. What was the place piled with? 3. What did the market place look like?

4. What did Ursula and Birkin want to buy and what did they buy? 5. Do you think Andrew and Christine (see pp. 70—71) would buy this chair? Give your reasons.

III. Topics for dialogues:

1. It is very likely that all the rubbish collected on the cobble-stones was sold. Mrs. A. bought some old bedding. Mr. В., a tinker, chose something in the heap of old iron. The shabby crockery went for a song to Mrs. С (the old lady knows how to wrangle over the prices). Mr. D. bought up many lots of clothing. Ask Mrs. A. and Mr. B. what they bought and what for. Dramatize the long and stubborn haggling between Mr. C. and the owner of the crockery. As to the unthinkable old clothing Mrs. D. did not like it at all and explained it to her husband in so many words. Think of their conversation.

2. It is said in the text that Ursula and Birkin had been talking of furniture before going to the market. Develop this line into a dialogue.

3. Suppose the chair got into a junk-shop and there, among other articles, attracted the attention of an art-dealer. Dramatize a dialogue between the art-dealer and the shopman. The art-dealer is trying to beat down the price, while the shopman points to the artistic value of the piece.

IV. Render the following passage in English:

Немного в стороне от Пикадилли, в двух шагах от ари­стократического квартала, на улице Windmill и вокруг нее, вы увидите в субботу вечером зрелище, незабываемое по своему контрасту. Пять-шесть узких перекрещивающихся улиц заставлены рядами ларей и палаток, освещенных мигающим желтым пламенем переносных фонарей. Здесь продается все что хотите. Краснеют лотки с мясом, рядом щетинятся жел­тые бананы, тут же торгуют башмаками, одеждой, рыбой и овощами, цветами и посудой. Все здесь самое дешевое и пятисортное.

Толпа прохожих и покупателей стеснилась в узком ходе между ларями. Старушка сует всем в руки головки лука, убеждая купить. Беспрерывно кричит мясник, восхваляя мясо. У рыбной лавки импровизированный аукцион . Слепой вертит шарманку.

Такой рынок бедноты в субботний вечер мы встретите в десятках уголков Лондона. Если вы хотите увидать лондон­скую рабочую толпу, толкайтесь по этим базарам.

(В. Керженцев . Столица Англии, М., 1919)

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ (образован в 1953 году)

Кафедра иностранных языков Дистанционное обучение 2.3 АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Словарь по бизнесу для студентов 2,3 курса всех специальностей ДФО,ВФО и ЗФО www.msta.ru Москва - 2008

УДК 811.111 Англ.

Английский язык. Словарь по бизнесу – М.,МГУТУ, 2008

Пособие для студентов 2,3 курсов всех специальностей

Составитель: Полушина Любовь Николаевна

Рецензент: Давыдова Людмила Петровна

Редактор: Свешникова Н.И.

Московский государственный университет технологий и управления, 2008

109004, Москва, Земляной вал, 73

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A
abate	сбавлять, делать скидку
ability	способность; ~ to pay – платежеспособность
abolish	отменять
accept	1.принимать, одобрять.2.акцептовать; ~ance – принятие, акцепт
accommodation	1.приспособление. 2.ссуда; bank ~ - банковская ссуда
account	счет, отчет, регистр; ~ of expenses – счет расходов; balance sheet ~ - статья бухгалтерского баланса; financial ~ - финансовый счет/отчет; trust ~ - доверительный счет; ~ant – бухгалтер
accumulation	1.накопление 2.(бирж.)скупка акций; ~ of commo-dities – накопление товаров; capital ~ - накопление капитала
acknowledgement	признание; ~ of debt – признание долга
activity	деятельность, активность
advance	1.прогресс, улучшение, аванс, авансирование. 2.заем, ссуда, авансирование; in ~ - заранее, досрочно; cash ~ - денежный аванс; technical ~ - технический прогресс
advertise	рекламировать; ~ment – реклама
advice	1.совет, консультация.2.извещение, авизо
agreement	1.соглащение, договор.2.согласие; bilateral ~ - двустороннее соглашение
announcement	объявление
arrange	устраивать, организовывать, приводить в порядок
arrangement	1.устройство,организация.2.договоренность, соглашение; ~ of conditions – создание условий
article	1.статья, параграф.2.предмет (торговли), товар
assignee	(юр.) правопреемник, уполномоченный, назначенное лицо
assurance	1.уверение,гарантия.2.страхование; life ~ страхо-вание жизни; quality ~ - гарантия качества
auxiliary	вспомогательный
availability	наличие, доступность, пригодность
average	среднее число, средняя величина; on ~ - в среднем; overall ~ - общее среднее (значение); market ~ - средний рыночный курс; ~d - усредненный
avoid	избегать
B
bail	залог, поручительство
balance	1.баланс, сальдо. 2. равновесие
bankrupt	банкрот; ~cy –банкротство
batch	1.партия, серия.2.набор, комплект; good quality ~ - партия хорошего качества
bear	(бирж.) «медведь», спекулянт, играющий на понижение
benefit	1.прибыль,выгода.2.приносить прибыль
borrow	занимать деньги, брать в займы
budget	бюджет, финансовая смета; annual ~ - годовой бюджет; to approve the ~ - одобрить бюджет
bull	1.(бирж.) «бык», спекулянт, играющий на повышение. 2. преуспевать
business	1.бизнес,предпринимательство.2.профессия, занятие
buy	покупка; покупать
buyer	покупатель
С
cancel	аннулировать, отменять, погашать
capacity	1.способность.2.(тех.) производительность, номина-льная мощность.3.ескость,вместимость,объем
cargo	груз; deck~ - палубный груз; inward ~ - импортный груз; return ~ - обратный груз
cash	1.наличные деньги.2.кассовая наличность.3.продать, реализовать; by~ - наличными; for ~ - за наличные
certificate	1.удостоверение,свидетельство,сертификат. 2.аттестат, диплом
chairman	председатель; deputy ~ - заместитель председателя
chamber	палата
charge	1.плата, сбор, тариф, цена. 2. требовать плату. 3.обвинение
charity	благотворительность
chart	диаграмма, схема, карта, таблица, график
cheap	дешевый
choice	1. ассортимент, выбор. 2. альтернатива
circumstances	обстоятельства, условия
claim	1.требование,иск.2.утверждение,заявление. 3.утверждать, заявлять
clause	пункт, статья, условие
commodity	товар
common	общий
community	сообщество, содружество, община
compare	сравнивать, сопоставлять
compete	конкурировать
competition	1. конкуренция. 2. соревнование
competitor	конкурент, соперник
condition	условие
confirm	подтверждать, утверждать
consumption	потребление,расход;annual ~ - годовое потребление; current ~ - текущее потребление
convention	1. конвенция, договор, соглашение. 2. обычай, условность
convertible	обратимый, конвертируемый
copyright	1. авторское право. 2. право издания
correspondence	1. соответствие. 2. переписка, корреспонденция
council	совет; ~ of experts – экспертный совет; town ~ - муниципалитет, городской совет
counsel	совещание, обсуждение
customer	1. покупатель. 2. клиент, заказчик
customs	таможня
cut	1.снижение,сокращение.2.резать,снижать,урезывать. 3. сокращать
D
damage	1. ущерб, вред, повреждение. 2. убыток, авария
data	данные, фактические сведения
deadline	последний, предельный срок
debt	1. долг, задолженность. 2. обязательство; to be in ~ - быть в долгу; to cancel ~s – аннулировать долги
default	дефолт, невыполнение обязательств
deficiency	нехватка, дефицит
deliver	1.доставлять,поставлять. 2. снабжать
demand	1. спрос, потребность, требование 2. предъявлять требование
depend	зависеть, обуславливаться
develop	1. развивать, разрабатывать. 2. создавать
disclosure	выявление, раскрытие, разоблачение
donate	передавать в дар, дарить
duty	1. долг, обязанность. 2. таможенная пошлина. 3. налог, сбор
E
earn	зарабатывать, получать доход
economy	1. экономия, бережливость. 2. экономика, народное хозяйство
education	обучение, образование
effect	1. эффект, результат 2. влияние, воздействие
effort	усилие, напряжение
elaborate	разрабатывать
employee	рабочий, служащий, работающий по найму
empower	наделять полномочиями; ~ment – наделение полномочиями
end-user	конечный пользователь, потребитель
enterprise	предприятие, фирма, компания
environment	окружение, окружающая среда
equilibrium	равновесие
equipment	оборудование, снаряжение, оснащение
establish	основывать, создавать, учреждать
establishment	1.установление.2.учреждение,организация,заведение
estimate	1.оценка,подсчет,смета. 2. оценивать, подсчитывать. 3. составлять смету
excess	избыток, излишек, превышение
exchange	1. обмен. 2. обменивать. 3. биржа. 4. курс (валюты); commodity ~ - товарная биржа
expend	расходовать, затрачивать
expenses	расходы, издержки; ~ of production – издержки производства
expensive	дорогостоящий, дорогой
experience	опыт, практика
extend	1. расширять, увеличивать. 2. продлевать
external	внешний, иностранный
F
fail	терпеть неудачу, обанкротиться
favourable	благоприятный, подходящий
fee	1. вознаграждение , гонорар. 2. взнос. 3. плата за обучение
filiation	филиал, ветвь
fluctuation	колебание
force	1. сила, действие 2. принуждать, заставлять
forecast	1. прогноз, предсказание. 2. прогнозировать, предсказывать
free enterprise	свободное предпринимательство
freight	1. фрахт, груз, перевозка грузов. 2. фрахтовать
G
gain	1. достигать, получать. 2. извлекать прибыль
globalization	глобализация
goods	1. товар, товары. 2. изделия, багаж
government	правительство
guarantee	1. гарантия, залог, поручительство. 2. гарантировать, поручаться. 3. обеспечивать
guidance	1. руководство. 2. (тех.) управление
H
handmade	ручной работы
harvest	урожай
hereditary	наследственный
heredity	наследственность
I
implied term	подразумеваемое условие
imply	1. означать, подразумевать. 2. предполагать
improve	улучшать, совершенствовать; ~ment – улучшение, совершенствование
inadequacy	несоответствие, неадекватность
incorporate	1.соединять(ся), объединять(ся). 2.инкорпорировать, включать в число членов
increase	рост, прирост, увеличение
indemnity	гарантийное обязательство
industry	промышленность;basic ~ -тяжелая промышленность; capital-intensive ~ - капиталоемкая отрасль промышленности
inefficient	неэффективный
inflation	инфляция, обесценение денег
initial	исходный, начальный
innovation	инновация, новшество, нововведение
inquire	1. наводить справки, запрашивать.2.проводить опрос
insolvency	(юр.) неплатежеспособность, несостоятельность, банкротство
insufficiency	недостаточность, недостаток
insurance	страхование, страховой полис
intellectual property	интеллектуальная собственность
introduction	введение, внедрение
investigation	исследование, обследование
item	1. пункт, параграф, статья. 2. предмет (в списке). 3.номер программы. 4. вопрос (в повестке дня)
J
job	1. дело, работа. 2. специальность, профессия. 3.должность, место работы
jobless	безработный
join	присоединять(ся), объединить(ся), соединять(ся)
joint investment	совместное капиталовложение
joint ownership	совместное владение
jointly	совместно
juridical person	юридическое лицо
jurisdiction	юрисдикция
K
kind	род, сорт, разновидность
knowledge	знание
L
label	1.ярлык, этикетка, бирка, марка.2. наклеивать ярлык, маркировать
labour	1. труд, работа. 2. работать, трудиться
law	1. закон, закономерность. 2. суд, судопроизводство
lawful	законный, правомерный
lease	1.аренда, сдача в аренду.2.наем в аренду. 3.арендовать, сдавать
level	1. уровень. 2. выравнивать, устранять различия
lever	рычаг, средство воздействия
liable	ответственный, подлежащий (чему-либо); ~ to duty – подлежащий обложению пошлиной; ~ to tax – облагаемый налогом
liquidation	ликвидация, продажа
load	1. груз, партия груза, загрузка. 2. грузить
logo	фирменный знак (эмблема)
M
maintain	сохранять, поддерживать
majority	большинство
manage	управлять, руководить; ~ment – 1. управление, руко-водство. 2. дирекция, администрация. 3.менеджмент; ~r – 1. управляющий, директор, администратор. 2.руководитель, менеджер; ~rial – управленческий
manufacture	1.производить,изготавливать.2.производство,изгото-вление,обработка; ~r–1.изготовитель,производитель. 2. фирма (обрабатывающей промышленности)
market	1. рынок, базар. 2. рынок сбыта; main ~ - основной рынок; ~ share – доля рынка, объем продаж
mass production	массовое производство
merger	слияние, объединение (банков, предприятий и т.п.)
middleman	комиссионер, посредник
minority	меньшинство
money	деньги, платежное средство
N
nation	1. нация, народ. 2. страна, государство
nationality	1. гражданство, подданство. 2. национальность, национальная принадлежность. 3. нация, народ
necessity	необходимость, настоятельная потребность; (basic) ~ies – предметы первой необходимости
negotiate	вести переговоры, договариваться
negotiation(s)	переговоры, обсуждение условий
network	сеть; branch ~ - сеть филиалов
nominee	кандидат, лицо выдвинутое на должность
note	1. заметка, запись, записка. 2. примечание. 3. билет, банковский билет; credit ~ - кредитовое авизо; foreign ~ - иностранный вексель
notice	1. извещение, уведомление, заявление, предупреж-дение. 2. уведомлять, извещать, предупреждать
notification	уведомление, извещение, заявление
novation	нововведение, новшество
O
object	1. объект, предмет. 2. цель, задача
objective	1. цель, задача. 2. объективный, беспристрастный, непредубежденный
observe	наблюдать, обнаруживать экспериментально
obtain	приобретать, получать
occupation	1. занятие, род занятий, профессия. 2. оккупация
opinion	мнение, убеждение, точка зрения
opportunity	возможность, случай, шанс
order	1.приказ,распоряжение.2.заказ.3.заказывать. 4.порядок. 5. приводить в порядок
origin	источник, начало, происхождение
outcome	результат, исход, последствие
outlaw	объявлять вне закона
output	1.продукция,выпуск,выработка. 2. выход,объем про-дукции. 3. производительность, мощность, отдача
owner	собственник, владелец
P
parity	паритет, равенство
participant	участник
partner	участник, партнер, компаньон
pattern	1. образец, модель, пример.2. структура, схема
percentage	процент, доля (в процентах)
perform	выполнять, исполнять
pledge	1.залог.2.закладывать,отдавать в залог.3.обеспече-ние по ссуде
pollutant	загрязняющее вещество
possess	обладать, владеть; ~ion – владение, обладание
postpone	отсрочивать, откладывать
preference	1. предпочтение, преимущество. 2. преференция, льготная таможенная пошлина
premises	недвижимость, здание (с прилегающим участком)
prepaid	заранее оплаченный
priority	приоритет, преимущественное право
product	1. продукт, продукция, изделие. 2. результат; ~ion – 1.производство, изготовление.2.производительность, 3. продукт, продукция
profit	1. прибыль, доход. 2. польза, выгода. 3. получать прибыль; ~able – 1. полезный, выгодный. 2.прибы-льный, рентабельный
project	проект, план
prolong	пролонгировать, отсрочить, продлить (срок)
promote	1. способствовать, содействовать. 2. учреждать
property	1.собственность,имущество. 2.свойство, характерная особенность
prosperity	процветание
protect	1.защищать,охранять.2.предохранять.3.акцептировать (трату); ~ion – защита, охрана
purchase	1. покупка, закупка, купля. 2. покупать, закупать
purpose	намерение, цель
Q
qualification	1. квалификация. 2. пригодность, ценз
qualify	оценивать, квалифицировать
qualitative	качественный
quality	1.качество, сорт.2.ценность;~ control (q.c.)– контроль за качеством
quantity	количество
quota	квота, норма, доля, часть; ~ble – котирующийся (на бирже)
quote	1.назначать цену, котировать. 2. регистрировать курс. 3. цитировать
R
raise	1. повышение, увеличение. 2. повышать,увеличивать. 3. (с.х.) выращивать, разводить
rate	1. темп, скорость. 2. размер, норма, величина. 3. курс, цена, тариф
rating	1. оценка, определение (стоимости), рейтинг. 2. отне-сение к разряду или категории. 3. нормирование, хронометраж
real	1.реальный,действительный.2.настоящий, неподдель-ный,подлинный.3.недвижимый (о собственности)
receipt	1. получение. 2. расписка, квитанция
receive	получать,принимать;~r–получатель, грузополучатель
reduce	сокращать, уменьшать, снижать
reference	ссылка, указание; with ~ to – ссылаясь на …, что касается …
reflation	(эк.) новая инфляция (искусственная) после дефляции), рефляция
regulation	1. регулирование, упорядочение. 2. правила, устав, инструкция, предписание
reject	1. отклонять, отвергать. 2. браковать, отбрасывать
relation	отношение, зависимость, связь
repair	1. ремонт, исправление. 2. ремонтировать, исправлять
reply	1. ответ. 2. давать ответ
report	1. доклад, отчет, сообщение. 2. докладывать, отчитываться
representation	1. представительство. 2. репрезентативность
request	1. запрос, требование, заявка. 2. просьба
requirement	1. требование, необходимое условие. 2. нужда, потребность. 3. технические требования
research	1. исследование, изучение. 2. научно-исследовательская работа
response	ответ, ответная реакция
responsibility	1. ответственность, обязанность. 2. обязательство
retail	розница, розничная продажа
rival	конкурент, соперник
rule	1. правило, постановление, норма. 2. править, управлять; as a ~ - обычно, как правило
S
safety	безопасность, сохранность
salary	оклад, жалованье
sale	1. продажа, сбыт, торговля. 2. распродажа (по сниженным ценам)
sample	1. образец, проба. 2. отбирать образцы
saturate	насыщать (рынок)
seal	1. печать, пломба, клеймо. 2. скреплять печатью
sell	продавать (ся); ~er – продавец
share	1. доля, часть, участие. 2.доля участия, пай. 3. делить, участвовать. 4. акция
shareholder	1. акционер, владелец акций. 2. пайщик
short-term	краткосрочный
sign	1. знак, обозначение. вывеска. 2. подписывать
signature	подпись
size	1. величина, размер, объем. 2. определять величину, измерять
solution	решение
solve	1. решать, решить. 2. платить (долг)
spend	тратить, расходовать
spread	1. распределять. 2. распределение
staff	штат, персонал
stage	этап, стадия, ступень
stamp	1. марка. 2. штамп, печать, клеймо, штемпель. 3.клеймить, маркировать
steady	устойчивый, стабильный
stock	1. запас(ы). 2. запасать. 3. склад. 4. хранить на складе. 5. капитал, фонд, имущество. 6. акция(и), акционерный капитал. 7. ценные бумаги; capital ~ акция(и); common ~ - обычные акции; inscribed ~ - именные акции, именные государственные ценные бумаги; paid-up ~ - полностью оплаченные акции
storage	1. хранение, складирование. 2. хранилище, склад
subject	1. тема, предмет, дисциплина. 2. подданный, гражданин. 3. подчинять, подвергать
subsidiary	1. дочерняя компания (фирма), филиал. 2. вспомога-тельный, дополнительный
substitute	1. замена, заменитель. 2. заменять, замещать
succession	1. последовательность, наследование. 3. наследство, имущество, переходящее по наследство
sue	подавать в суд, возбуждать дело; ~r – истец
summary	1. краткое изложение, резюме. 2. суммарный, краткий
summit	совещание на высшем уровне
superfine	высшего качества
supplier	поставщик
T
table	табель, расписание, таблица
tag	ярлык, этикетка, бирка
task	задача, задание
tax	1. налог, сбор, пошлина. 2. облагать налогом или пошлиной; ~less – не облагаемый налогом
teller	банковский служащий, кассир
temporal	временной, временный
tenant	1. владелец, наниматель. 2. съемщик, арендатор
tentative	1. предварительный, пробный. 2. предполагаемый
term	1.срок,период.2. предел, срок окончания; ~s - условия
time	1. время, срок, момент. 2. выбирать, рассчитывать время; ~d – спланированный по времени; ~-proved – проверенный времени; ~table – график, расписание
tip	1. конфиденциальная информация о состоянии курсов акций на бирже. 2. (разг.) чаевые
tool	1. инструмент, механизм. 2. орудия труда
topper	товар особо высокого качества
trade	1. торговля. 2. торговать. 3. отрасль торговли, производства. 4. профессия, ремесло
train	1. поезд. 2. обучать, тренировать, подготавливать
transact	вести дела, заключать сделки; ~ion – 1. ведение дел, дело, сделка. 2. операция
treaty	договор
trial	1. испытание, исследование, проба. 2. суд, судебное разбирательство
trust	1.доверие,вера.2.верить, надеяться. 3. доверительный фонд. 4. трест, концерн; ~ee – 1. доверенное лицо, опекун. 2. попечитель
tutor	наставник, репетитор, опекун
type	1. вид, род, категория. 2. тип, типичный образец. 3.печатать на машинке
U
undertake	предпринимать, брать на себя обязательство, гарантировать; ~r – предприниматель
unit	1. единица. 2. блок, узел, агрегат; ~y – единство
up-to-date	современный
urgent	срочный, безотлагательный
use	1. употребление, применение. 2. употреблять, применять
useful	полезный, пригодный
V
valid	1. действительный, имеющий силу. 2. веский, обоснованный
value	1. стоимость, цена. 2. оценивать, ценить
velocity	скорость, оборачиваемость
venture	1. коммерческое предприятие. 2. рискованное предприятие; joint ~ - совместное предприятие
verify	контролировать, проверять
violate	нарушать
volume	1. объем, величина. 2. размер, емкость. 3. том, книга
vouch	поручаться, подтверждать
W
wage	заработная плата; ~ per hour – почасовая заработная плата; ~worker – наемный рабочий
warehouse	(товарный) склад, пакгауз
warn	предупреждать, заранее извещать
warrant	1. полномочие, доверенность. 2. расписка, гарантия
waste	1. отходы, излишняя трата. 2. потери, избыток, износ
wealth	1. богатство, изобилие. 2. материальные ценности, богатства
weigh	взвешивать, весить; ~t – вес, тяжесть, груз; ~ty – веский
welfare	благосостояние
wholesale	оптовая торговля; ~r – оптовый торговец
withdraw	1. изымать, отзывать. 2. снимать со счета
worth	1. цена, стоимость. 2. стоящий, имеющий ценность; ~less – ничего не стоящий
wrong	Неправильный, ошибочный
Y
year	год, возраст; ~ of account – отчетный год; budget ~ бюджетный год; current ~ - текущий год
yield	1. уступать. 2. производить. 3. давать урожай
Z
zero	нуль; ~ results – нулевые результаты, отсутствие результатов
zone	1. зона, пояс, район. 2. разделять на зоны
zoning	зонирование, установление зональных цен или тарифа
КЛИШЕ, ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ И ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ДЕЛОВОЙ ПЕРЕПИСКИ
ACKNOWLEDGMENT (УВЕДОМЛЕНИЕ)
1. Lost Shipment (о потерянном грузе)
Thank you for advising me that you never received … covered on your purchase order No … dated (data)		Благодарим Вас за то, что сообщили мне, что Вы … так и не получили оплаченный Вами груз …, отправленный согласно заказу на поставку № … (дата)
… was shipped on (date). A tracker is being initiated and we will notify you as soon as the information becomes available.		… был отгружен (дата). Сейчас сделан запрос о грузе, и мы сообщим Вам о его результате сразу, как только получим соответствующую информацию.
2. Price Objection (о несогласии с назначенной ценой)
Thank you for your letter concerning the retail price of our (product)		Благодарим Вас за письмо относительно розничной цены на нашу продукцию (название продукции)
… does not establish … retail prices. We provide marketers with resale prices.		не устанавливает розничные цены. Мы предлагаем закупщикам цену товара по перепродаже.
Marketers are free to set their own prices.		Закупщики имеют право назначать свои цены.
We consider our product to be of very high quality and encourage retailers to sell on the basis of value rather than price.		Мы считаем, что наша продукция очень высокого качества, поэтому розничная продажа может осуществляться не по установленной цене, а с учетом ценности товара.
APOLOGY (ИЗВИНЕНИЕ)
1. Invoice Previously Paid (за ранее оплаченный счет)
You are absolutely correct!		Вы абсолютно правы!
Our overdue notice dated (date) was sent in error.		Просроченное извещение от (дата) было отправлено нами по ошибке.
We have already implemented measures to avoid reoccurrence.		Мы уже приняли меры, чтобы избежать повторения данной ситуации.
We regret this mistake and hope you will continue to be a valued customer.		Мы сожалеем об этой ошибке и надеемся, что Вы останетесь клиентом, которого мы высоко ценим.
2. Order Delay (за задержку заказа)
Demand for this item has very exceeded our expectations. As a result, we are temporarily out of stock.		Спрос на этот товар превзошел все наши ожидания, поэтому данного товара временно нет на складе.
3. Quality Problem (за качество продукции)
It is disturbing to learn of the problems you are encountering with our product.		Мы обеспокоены тем, что у Вас возникли проблемы при использовании нашей продукции.
Our representative (name) will meet you on … to investigate the problem.		Наш представитель, (имя), встретиться с Вами …, чтобы рассмотреть возникшую проблему.
PURCHASE ORDER (ЗАКАЗ НА ПОСТАВКУ)
Please consider this our purchase order for (quantity) Model No …, product size … in … colour. The purchase order number is …		Просим рассмотреть наш заказ на поставку продукции модели № …, в количестве …, размер …, цвет … . Заказ на поставку № …
We understand the cost will be $ (amount) each on FOB terms of delivery.		Насколько мы понимаем, стоимость каждого изделия будет составлять (сумма) долларов США на условиях поставки ФОБ.
Please ship by truck freight and bill as follows:		Просим осуществить поставку авто-транспортом и произвести оплату следующего счета.
All invoices, packing slips and correspondence must include the purchase order number.		Номер заказа на поставку должен быть указан на всех счетах-фактурах, упаковочных бланках и переписке.
If shipment cannot be made by (date), please notify us.		Если отгрузка не может быть осуществлена до (дата), просим сообщить нам об этом.
We are looking forward to receiving merchandise.		С нетерпением ждем получения товара.
REFUSAL SELL DIRECT (ОТКАЗ ОТ ПРЯМОЙ ПРОДАЖИ)
(Name of company) distributes our products through wholesalers who resell to dealers.		(Название компании) является дистри-бьютором нашей продукции через оптовиков, которые в свою очередь, занимаются перепродажей дилерам.
Please contact one of the dealers in your area as listed on the enclosed sheet.		Просим связаться с одним из наших перечисленных дилеров (список прилагается).
Anyone of these dealers will be able to supply your requirements.		Любой из них сможет выполнить Вашу заявку.
USEFUL PHRASES (ПОЛЕЗНЫЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ)
I am afraid you are not right.		Боюсь, что ты не прав.
On the contrary …		Наоборот …
I am afraid I am too busy.		Боюсь, я слишком занят.
It is my fault, excuse me …		Моя вина, прости …
Please, don’t be angry with me.		Пожалуйста, не сердись на меня.
I am very obliged to you.		Я Вам очень обязан.
I have very little time.		У меня очень мало времени.
Haven’t seen you for ages.		Не видел тебя целую вечность.
Give my best wishes to Ann.		Передай наилучшие пожелания Ане.
May all your dreams come true!		Да сбудутся все Ваши мечты!
on no account		ни в коем случае
to beat about the bush		ходить вокруг да около
to get down to business		перейти к делу
by the way		между прочим

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ (образован в 1953 году)

Кафедра иностранных языков Дистанционное обучение 2.4 АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Деловая переписка на английском языке для студентов 3 курса всех специальностей ДФО и ВФО www.msta.ru Москва - 2008

УМД 811.111 Англ.

Английский язык. Деловая переписка на английском языке – М.,МГУТУ, 2008

Пособие для студентов 3 курса всех специальностей дневной и вечерней форм обучения

Составитель: Полушина Любовь Николаевна

Рецензент: Давыдова Людмила Петровна

Редактор: Свешникова Н.И.

Московский государственный университет технологий и управления, 2008

109004, Москва, Земляной вал, 73

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