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Computers in our life

Computers are well known to represent a completely new branch of science, the first of them having appeared less than 60 years ago. Although still new. these machines are already bringing about a real revolution in science, technology, statistics and automatic control.

The reason for this is in the fact a mathematical formula can be found for almost of all scientific and technical problems. They can be solved without a

computer but it would require millions of arithmetical operations. No wonder that many problems of exceptional importance remained unsolved for a long time, the volume of the calculations required being above human possibili­ties.

With a high speed electronic computer can carry out several thousand arithmetical operations in one second. A calculation, which would have taken several years of intense human work in the past, is now done in a few minutes or hours

A number of various complicated problems have already been solved with the help of computers.

The principle of this wonderful machine lies in counting electric impulses. Numbers are represented as a sequence of such impulses, and a radio-technical scheme counts them carrying out addition, subtraction, multiplica­tion and division all higher mathematical calculations being reduced to these four operations.

There are two main classes of computing equipment: analogue and digital. They work on different principles and yield different results. The digital computers can perform a much broader range of functions than the ana­logue computers. The application includes all forms of automic control in science and industry and first of all in space exploration, in automatic pilot­ing navigation and landing of space vehicles. Computer programming is the progress of the future. Computers will guide the first spaceships to Venus, Mars and other planets.

The state gives energetic support to the development of computer engineering. The Academy of Sciences established a network of computing centres all over the country. These centres work out new numerical methods, develop new ways and means of automated programming work. They solve practical problems for various institutes and develop new types of electronic computers.

Grammar and lexical exercises

I. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Objective Infinitive Construction (Complex Object).

1. She felt somebody look at her. 2. We heard him come in and close the door behind him. 3. Have you ever seen Ulanova dance? 4. She watched the boy buy a newspaper, open it, look it through and then throw it away. 5. Nobody noticed her leave the room. 6. I heard him mention my sister's name. 7. Many people like to watch the sun rise. 8. She saw her son fall. 9. He likes to watch his son play in the garden. 10. The students heard the bell ring. 11. You can't make me believe that all these stories are true. 12. In spite of "bad weather the instructor made the sportsmen continue their training.

II. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the Objective Infinitive Construction (Complex Object).

1. He wanted us to visit the arts exhibition. 2. I expect you to tell me everything. 3.I suppose her to be about 50.4. The teacher does not consider him to be a good student. 5. The engineer expected the work to be done in time. 6. We expect you to show good results. 7. The discovery showed the atomic nucleus to be a vast source of energy. 8. We know him to have graduated from the institute two years ago. 9. Everybody knows him to be writing a new book. 10. We know the cybernetics to be an important branch of modern technology 11. We thought him to have taken part in their experiment.