VIII. Translate the following stable expressions into Ukrainian

1. Hold your horses! 2. Hold you tongue. 3. Honour bright! 4. Be my guest. 5. Properly speaking. 6. To put it another way. 7. To my mind. 8. The truth is (that). 9. To put it briefly.

XI. Choose English equivalents of the following Ukrainian words:

прогрес research

розвиток knowledge,

століття advance

галузь air

дослідження century

речовина scientist

повітря development

частинка branch

знання substance

вчений particle

X. Translate the following text into Ukrainian and answer the ques­tion.

Where did primitive people look for protection?

Most of time of a modern man is spent within the walls of some building. Houses are built for dwelling; large buildings are constructed for industrial purpose; theatres, museums, public and scientific institutions are built for cultural activities of the people. The purpose of modern building differ widely, but all of them originate from the efforts of primitive men to protect them­selves from stormy weather, wild animals and human enemies.

Protection was looked for everywhere. In prehistoric times men looked for protection under the branches of trees; some covered themselves with skins of animals to protect themselves from cold and rain; others settled in caves.

Додаткові тексти

Text В

What is software?

No matter how much RAM your computer has, it won't be able to ac­complish much without software, or programmed instructions. Software comes in different forms. The most visible kind is packaged software, which you can find in brightly colored boxes at local stores. These packages contain pro­grams; some are games and some are intended for educational or business uses. When you buy one of these programs, it's ready to run as soon as you unpack it.

Another kind of program that needs no work on your part is the kind that is built into your computer as ROM. Some computers have much more built-in programming than others. A dedicated computer - one designed for a particular job - may have a great of software included as part of the machine itself. For example, a word processor is really a dedicated computer. The word processing software is built into it. Be­cause of this, you can't use it for computing - only for word processing. But a word processor is ready to do its job as soon as it is turned on. It doesn't need outside software to tell it what to do.

The third kind of software is the kind

you write yourself. Some people program simply for the pleasure or the challenge it provides. Others learn programming so that they can develop software geared to their own unique needs. Many computer users have never written a program of their own and probably never will. They will use the computer's built-in software, and they will run programs that someone else has written. On the other hand, many users will learn to write original pro­grams.

Text C

Your role as a consumer

Take a few minutes to add up the money you spend in a month on tapes and CD's, hamburgers and fries, new shoes and clothes, movies, and all the other "necessities". You might be surprised to discover just how much money you and your friends spend and contribute to the economy. Across the nation, teenagers spend almost $17 bil­lion each year!

Advertising agencies work overtime and spend millions of dollars to create ads that will attract your attention. Many American businesses, like "rock" radio stations, clothing manufactures, motion picture stu­dios, cosmetic companies and many oth­ers, work very hard to meet your needs and wants. The money you, your friends and other teenagers spend makes you important consumers and an important force in the economy. In 2003, consumers purchased over 60 percent of the GNP - more than $3 trillion in goods and services!

The Sources Of Income

Before you can consume anything, however, you must do two things. First you must earn the income to buy the things you want. Then you must decide how the money will be spent. There are two ways to earn income: from your work and from the use of your wealth.

Income from work. Most of the income you are likely to earn will come from work. In return for working, you will receive a wage or salary. (The term "wage" typically refers to the earnings of workers paid by the hour or unit of production. "Salary" refers to earnings paid on a weekly or monthly basis). How much you earn will depend on your job, your abilities, your perfor­mance, and a number of other factors.

Over the next few years you and your classmates will be leaving school to enter the job market. When you do, the career you choose and the job you get will be the result of the thought and effort you put into preparing for it.

Income from wealth. Wealth can be expressed as the value of the things you own. Adding the value of all your possessions, bank accounts, savings, and the like will give you the total amount of your wealth.

Used in certain ways, wealth can earn income. If you owned a motorcycle, you might be able to let others use it for a fee. In that instance econo­mists would say that you used your wealth to earn "rent". Wealth, in the form of money that is loaned to others or deposited in a savings account, will earn interest.