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The automatic control system (General)

Automatic control now appears many fields and involves many control instruments and apparatus. Their usage embraces a great variety of machines, plants and processes.

Automatic systems take several forms and are based on several different techniques, but in each the measurement and corection of errors are performed and |

co-ordinated by electronic devices and the human operator does not take an active part in it.

First of all automatic control was widely established in such industries as chemical, petroleum, iron and steel, cement, paper, textile, printing, food | and others. The overall trend now is toward a total automatic control in i with the help of new generations of electronic devices with their rapidity accurateness, reliability , flexibility and compactness .

Our country has many thousands of comprehensively mechanize) and automated enterprises and workshops. The mechanized and automate production lines replace or lighten the work of a tremendous number of workers. AlI the hydropower plants in the county have been completely

automated. The present day stage of automation is based on the revolution in computer

technology, in computerisation of the whole national economy. But still much research work is to be done to perfect the system. It is

essential to improve the quality of automation equipment as well as the progrmmes of the computers. A major problem is to better automate inspection, quality control, information system. For automatic three-

dimentional recognition the system (size, shape and colour) the problem still remains of greatest concern.With the increase of automation the scientist must solve the problem of complex interaction groups of sensors tied together by a single system of computer network.The development of new flexible technologies and sociological problems involves need, of course, a new approach too.

GRAMMAR AND LEXICAL EXERCISES

I. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Predicates in the Passive voice.

1. In general, organic coatings are used for protecting structures and machines. 2 These polymeric materials were used as a wire covering mate-rial for electrical circuits. 3. The new plastics will be mainly used as insulators in electrical and electronic circuits. 4. Polymers are now being used for different purposes and new applications are being constantly developed. 5. For a long time the existing polymers were being used in combination with other materials. 6. Today plastics have been used to replace metals for certain applications. 7. When the engineer returned to the plant a year later new advanced technological processes had been used for producing synthetic leather. 8. More than half a century chemists have been using this method for producing synthetic rubber.

II. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Predicate in the Passive Voice.

1 .Many operations which were formely performed by skilled workers are now being performed by computers. 2. After these operations had been performed the metal was subjected to mechanical test. 3. The translation from one language into another will soon be performed by the computers. 4. When you return all mathematical calculations will have been performed by means of the electronic computing machine.