Grammar supplement b formation of tenses in passive voice
to be + Participle II
|
TENSE
|
ACTIVE
|
PASSIVE
|
NOTE: the action is done to the subject | |||
|
INDEFINITE |
Present
Past
Future |
ask (s)
asked
will ask |
am is asked are
was
asked were
will be asked |
He asks / He is asked Він запитує / Його запитують
| ||
|
CONTINUOUS |
Present
Past
Future |
am is asking are
was
asking were
will be asking |
am is being asked are
was
being asked were
|
He is asking / He is being asked Він зараз запитує / Його зараз запитують
| ||
|
PERFECT |
Present
Past
Future |
have has asked
had asked
will have asked |
have
been asked has
had been asked
will have been asked |
He has asked / He has been asked Він вже запитав / Його вже запитали | ||
Modal verbs in passive voice
|
can / could may / might must / have to should / would needn’t |
be done, have been done be made, have been made be written, have been written be painted, have been painted be invited, have been invited |
Grammar supplement c word formation Formation of Nouns
verb + suffix = noun
|
to execute |
tion |
execution |
приведення до виконання |
|
to examine |
|
examination |
допит, слідство |
|
to impeach |
ment |
impeachment |
обвинувачення, недовіра |
|
to argue |
|
argument |
довід, доказ |
|
to plead |
er |
pleader |
адвокат, захисник |
|
to mug |
|
mugger |
грабіжник |
|
to grant |
ee |
grantee |
стипендіат |
|
to defend |
ant |
defendant |
підсудний |
|
to defend |
ce |
defence |
захисник, захист |
|
to seize |
ure |
seizure |
конфіскація майна |
|
to acquit |
al |
acquittal |
виправдання |
|
to proceed |
ing |
proceeding |
розгляд справи в суді |
Verb без зміни наголосу – noun
|
to judge |
|
judge |
суддя |
|
to assault |
|
assault |
словесна образа |
Verb зміна наголосу – noun
|
to sus'pect |
|
'suspect |
підозрюваний |
|
to con'vict |
|
'convict |
засуджений |
noun + suffix = noun
|
arson |
ist |
arsonist |
підпалювач, палій |
|
robber |
y |
robbery |
крадіжка |
|
owner |
ship |
ownership |
право власності |
adjective + suffix = noun
|
just |
ce |
justice |
справедливість |
|
useful |
ness |
usefulness |
користь |
noun + noun = noun
|
law |
maker |
lawmaker |
законодавець |
|
law |
making |
lawmaking |
видання законів |
|
birth |
day |
birthday |
день народження |