Unit 2 Двусложные слова: Ударение и особенности чтения ударных гласных

■ ударный слог □ безударный слог

2. В словах без приставок ударение падает на первый слог ■ □	'Famous, 'former, 'easy, 'narrow, 'fever, 'always, 'many, 'dirty, 'pretty [ı], 'clever, 'physics, 'lyrics, 'poem
3. В наречиях, предлогах и союзах с приставками: a- be- de- in- ударение падает на второй слог □ ■	A'bout, a'way, a'long, a'fire, a'ware, be'yond, be'fore, be'cause, be'low, des'pite, in'spite
4. В глаголах с приставками: con- / co- in- / im- / ir- / il- sub- / su- ad- / a- for- dis- /de- ob- / o- ex- / e- pre- pro- re- se- abs- trans- en- per- ударение падает на второй слог □ ■	Con'duct, cor'rode, col'lect, in'vert, im'brute, ad'mit, at'test, ac'cept, af'fect, sub'net, sup'pose, suc'ceed, dis'tract, dif'fuse, o'mit, ex'cuse, ef'fect, abs'tract, trans'mit, en'able, de'scribe, for'get, per'mit, pre'pare, pro'duce, re'peat, se'lect, be'gin
5. Если одно и то же слово с приставкой является и существительным и глаголом, то в существительном ударение будет на первом слоге, а в глаголе – на втором. ■ □ (N), □ ■ (V)	'Record – to re'cord, 'export – to ex'port, 'import – to im'port, 'transport – to trans'port
Примечание: Во многих подобных парах у существительных и глаголов может быть одинаковое ударение, e.g. re'ply, 'promise
6. Если оба слога принадлежат корню, а вторая (безударная) гласная читается как [i] или [ju:], то ударная гласная в открытом слоге читается по правилу закрытого слога (II тип чтения), например, merit ['merıt]	Planet, merit, value, volume, menu, panic, Paris, manage, spirit
Исключения: 1) в таких словах ударная гласная U читается, как обычно (Type I), например, stupid ['stju:pıd] 2) Если такое слово заканчивается на букву Y, то любая ударная гласная читается, как обычно (Type I) например, baby ['beibı], НО: many ['mænı]	stupid, tulip, lady, baby, navy, tiny, icy, holy, pony.

1. Read and compare:

back – a'back flame – a'flame jar – a'jar

bed – abed while – awhile ware – aware

long – along side – aside part – apart

miss – amiss slope – aslope fire – afire

top – atop fore – afore stern – astern

shore – ashore far – afar fore – before

2. Read according to the pattern □ ■

ago across against alert

adrift awash apace amid

beyond belike alike afresh

aflame abloom afloat afraid

around abroad aloud asleep

3. Read the verbs according to the pattern □ ■

regress – progress depress – repress remit – befit

persist – resist respond – despond revolve – resolve

result – repulse belong – prolong debate – berate

deface – deflate repose – depose provoke – revoke

reduce – deduce refute – refuse define – refine

deny – rely regard – remark reply – debark

report – deport reform – deform reserve – preserve

perverse – return refer – defer prefer – reverse

prepare – restore require – desire perspire – retire

secure – procure endure – allure deploy – destroy

alloy – enjoy appoint – exploit recoil – rejoice

delay – betray convey – obey announce–pronounce

remain – refrain retrain – engrain declare – deplore

4. Read and compare:

an 'accent – to ac'cent, 'import – to im'port, a 'contract – to con'tract, 'content – to con'tent, 'export – to ex'port, 'contest – to con'test, 'convict – to con'vict, 'perfect – to per'fect, a 'record – to re'cord, 'contrast – to con'trast, 'desert – to de'sert, 'object – to ob'ject, 'rebel – to re'bel, 'present – to pre'sent, 'protest – to pro'test, 'progress – to pro'gress.

5. Read the sentences and decide what a stress pattern the words in italics have. Then listen, check and repeat

Model: I got my first record as a present when I was eleven.

record = ■ □, present = ■ □

1) You’ve progressed well this year, but I’d like to see even more progress.

2) We import too much petrol and the country’s export figures are going down.

3) It started as a student protest, but now the army has rebelled against the government.

4) In the desert, there is a big contrast between temperatures in the day and at night.

5) These companies produce household objects such as fridges and washing machines.

6. Read the words with the stressed vowel as in the closed syllable

Spanish vanish banish famish panic planet

Latin cabin lavish acid tacit finish

British rigid civic rabid facet static

physics vivid vigil river rapid malice

Alice timid visit critic savage damage

manage palace palate ravine image solid

profit topic logic tonic sonic modest

volume statue menu tribune Paris merit

spirit forest parish peril cherish lyrics

7. Read and compare:

a) magnet – planet picnic – critic fizzing – visit

porridge – forage pallet – palace simple – civil

pantry – panic bandit – Latin office – promise

rabbit – habit carry – Paris hobby – topic

coffin – profit rescue – venue Finnish – finish

b) rive – rigid dive – digit five – vivid

pale – palace mane – manage grape – cabin

came – damage lime – image save – savage

scheme – chemist tribe – tribune cede – edit

scene – senate mode – module ale – Alice

c). vanish – lady planet – baby valid – navy

digit – icy civil – tiny topic – holy

8. Read the words with prefixes. Mind the stress.

Invert, deserve, repeat, renew, inspire, comply, impress, subdue, collide, depress, assist, address, immure, acquit, attest, correct, transmit, suppress, dismiss, excel, arrest, assume, oppose, succeed.

9. Find the prefix in the word if any, put the stress and read the words

Happy, morrow, plenum, derive, offend, rider, cotton, copper, commune, effuse, persist, reddish, corrupt, allege, accuse, sorry, conduce, complete, allude, attract, private, rival, disgrace, compel, collapse, convene, remain, proceed, propel, discern, assault, appear, awake, reject, eject, dismount, amount, revenge, avenge, submerge, emerge, involve, evolve, submit, omit, emit.

10. Letters and Sounds (revision). Find a way from Start to Finish. You may pass a square only if the word in it has the sound [ɳ]. You can move horizontally or vertically only.

START

sing	think	thick	strong	wrong	rung
sign	uncle	unless	drug	strange	comb
thanks	angry	signal	drank	English	finger
anxious	angel	single	monkey	money	young
language	tongue	skiing	skin	came	ink
lounge	danger	band	dream	swim	wing

FINISH

UNIT 3

Ударение в многосложных словах (три слога и более)

7. Если многосложное слово образовано с помощью суффиксов: -ing -er/or -ness -ship -ful -less -ly ударение остается там, где оно было в исходном слове (см. Правила 2-6)	To 'finish – 'finishing, to con'tain – con'tainer, to se'lect – se'lector, 'tender – 'tenderness, 'narrow –'narrowness, 'champion – 'championship, fruit – 'fruitful, care – 'careless, 'happy – 'happily
8. Если многосложное слово содержит окончания: -ing -(e)s -(e)d -er -est ударение остается там, где оно было в исходном слове (см. Правила 2-6)	'Bandage – 'bandaging, de'cide – de'ciding, 'bandage – 'bandages, op'press – op'presses, 'pocket –'pocketed, de'cide – de'cided, 'easy – 'easier, 'early – 'earliest

1. Read the derived words according to the pattern

a) ■ □ ■ □ □

'silence – silencer 'worship – worshiper

'narrow – narrower 'village – villager

'cottage – cottager 'labour – labourer

b) □ ■ □ ■ □

pro'duce – producer re'sist – resistor

ex'plore – explorer ad'mire – admirer

ad'vise – adviser trans'late – translator

c) ■ □ □

bitterness idleness laziness membership

happiness gentleness eagerness [g] authorship

thankfulness yellowness suddenness leadership

hopefulness willingness hopelessness ownership

powerful fanciful powerless bottomless

sorrowful merciful meaningless limitless

meaningful merciless numberless fruitfully

bitterly happily hopefully rapidly

legally hopelessly normally gracefully

noiselessly harmfully recklessly jokingly

d) □ ■ □ □

exceedingly successfully amusingly

distastefully respectfully accordingly

2. Put aside suffixes and endings. Find the stressed syllable and read the stem according to the rules for one-syllable and two-syllable words. Read the whole word.

Model: recalling

Answer: re’calling = re- (приставка) + call (корень, один слог, он и является ударным) + -ing (суффикс)

Opening, orbiting, masterfully, pocketful, employer, greediness, sleeplessness, urgently, tactlessly, shallowness, container, emptiness, reflector, forgetfulness, adviser, hungrily, angrily, fellowship, correctness, providing, divided, attracted, instructed.

3. Letters and Sounds (revision). Find a way from Start to Finish. You may pass a square only if the word in it has the sound [i:]. You can move horizontally or vertically only.

START

leave	earth	health	reach	teach	meat
dream	dead	cream	jeans	steak	cheat
east	bread	tea	death	heat	peak
beach	break	peace	search	leaf	meant
seat	please	team	early	beat	bean
head	bear	wear	dreamt	sweat	clean

FINISH

UNIT 4

Ударение и особенности чтения ударных гласных в многосложных словах

9. В многосложных словах без суффиксов и окончаний, перечисленных в правилах 7-8, обычно ударение падает на третий слог с конца	'Origin, 'flattery, 'festival, 'institute, 'victory, ex'periment, A'merica, mo'nopoly, docu'mentary, oppor'tunity, uni'versity, lia'bility, responsi'bility, relia'bility
10. Ударная гласная во всех типах слогов, кроме третьего, читается по второму типу: Тип чтения I → Тип чтения II, Ср., bite [aı], BUT ability [ı] Тип чтения II = Тип чтения II Ср., fact [æ], factory [æ] Тип чтения III = Тип чтения III Ср., car [a:], carnival [a:] Тип чтения IV → Тип чтения II Ср., tyre [aıə], BUT tyranny [ı]	Family, minister, monument, deputy, Faraday, origin, omnibus, mercury, pharmacy, formula, circular
Исключение: Ударная буква U в таких словах сохраняет свои четыре типа чтения mutiny [ju:] Type I summary [] Type II turbulent [ɜ:] Type III purety [uə] Type IV	Mutiny, summary, turbulent, purity

1. Read according to the pattern: ■ □ □

a) similar popular regular vinegar

federal medical general literal

radical veteran minimum mineral

spherical visible minister colony

b) industry family factory robbery

victory fishery contrary currency

quantity battery density singular

quality optical tactical officer

Africa parallel cylinder technical

c) cardinal circular ornament Canada

article formula fortitude Portugal

harmony permanent ordinal Buffalo

barbarous terminal portable Caucasus

particle vertical corporal Germany

marginal circumstance organist Everest

d) musical humorous usable durable

suitable mutiny fusible purity

rudiment unity tunable curious

2. Read according to the pattern: □ ■ □ □

a) electrical elliptical intelligent conservative

dependable respectable intelligence retractable

impossible imprisonment establishment artillery

b) political phenomenon historical original

monotony comparative infinitive symmetrical

significant ridiculous necessity astonishment

morality authority utility activity

community security impurity curriculum

3. Read according to the pattern: □ □ ■ □ □

flexibility documentary satisfactory visibility

opportunity possibility hospitality popularity

elementary regularity personality lexicology

university contradictory productivity unilateral

chronological probability economical relativity

4. Read and compare

a) famous – family vane – vanity meter – metrical

late – lateral mine – minimum type – typical

ride – ridicule veto – veteran sphere – spherical

crime – criminal derive – derivative pose – positive

b) industry – industrial origin – original

history – historian barbarous – barbarian

ridicule – ridiculous family – familiar

victory – victorious technical – technician

5. Put the stress and read the words

Cylinder, chemical, equivalent, gravity, prominent, negative, positive, ministry, simplicity, opposite, original, physical, circumstance, comparison, density, property, astronomy, velocity, stability, several, automation, remedy, seminar, symmetry, character, president, impossibility, reliability, musical, rudimentary, difficult, tropical, cabinet.

6. Find the odd word, according to the stress pattern

1) obstinately velocity comparison prosperity

2) revision harmony beginning develop

3) gravity successful tropical possible

4) elegant confident poisonous refining

5) document providing approach decision

7. Letters and Sounds (revision). Find a way from Start to Finish. You may pass a square only if the word in it has the sound [Ɵ]. You can move horizontally or vertically only.

START

north	northern	either	weather	breathe	those
south	bath	bathe	thought	breath	youth
southern	third	their	through	though	thumb
Thailand	cloth	path	fifth	with	worth
month	clothes	these	brother	that	teeth
throw	thing	author	other	they	wealth

FINISH

UNIT 5

Особые случаи расстановки ударения в многосложных существительных, прилагательных и глаголах

11. В многосложных прилагательных с суффиксами: -al/-ical -ant/-ent -ous -ive обычно ударение падает на третий слог с конца ■ □ □ □ ■ □ □ □ □ ■ □ □	'Vertical, 'competent, 'relevant, 'frivolous, al'ternative, de'monstrative, a'nalogous.
12. Однако, если в многосложных прилагательных с суффиксами -al/-ical -ant/-ent -ous -ive перед суффиксами скапливаются две или более согласных, то ударение падает на второй слог с конца: □ ■ □ например, im'poRTant	Im'portant, per'sistent, e'normous, de'structive
13. В многосложных прилагательных и существительных с суффиксами -able/-ible -ary/-ory обычно ударение падает на третий слог с конца □ ■ □ □, e.g. 'portable □ □ ■ □ □, e.g. docu'mentary но иногда ударение падает на четвертый слог с конца ■ □ □ □, e.g. la'boratory	Portable, satis'factory, docu'mentary But: con'siderable, 'literary, la'boratory, ob'ligatory
14. В многосложных прилагательных с суффиксом -ic (полная форма этого суффикса -ical, т.е. два слога), ударение падает на второй слог с конца □ ■ □, e.g. sym'bolic □ □ ■ □, e.g. eco'nomic	Sla'vonic, scien'tific, ˌeco'nomic, ˌepi'demic, ˌdiplo'matic. Compare: 'chemical – sym'bolic, me'chanical - fa'natic
15. В многосложных глаголах с суффиксами -ate -ise/-ize -y обычно ударение падает на третий слог с конца ■ □ □, e.g. 'organise	'Compensate, 'ventilate, 'organise, 'advertise, 'occupy, 'simplify, 'сompensating, 'ventilator, 'advertising (but: ad'vertisement), 'occupying, 'simplifying
Безударные гласные в данных суффиксах глаголов читаются как в ударном открытом слоге (I тип чтения) [eıt] [aız] [aı]	Separate ['separıt] – to separate ['separeıt], estimate – to estimate, delegate – to delegate
ПОМНИТЕ: Если вы добавите к таким глаголам суффикс -er/-or или окончание -ing, ударение не изменится например, 'organise – 'organiser, 'compensate - 'compensating
16. В многосложных глаголах с двумя односложными приставками или с двусложными приставками: over- inter-(intro-) contra-(counter-) super- retro- circum- under- ударение падает на последний слог □ □ ■, e.g. under'take	Inter'act, over'come, under'take, super'add, discon'nect
17. В многосложных глаголах без суффиксов и приставок, перечисленных в правилах 15-16, ударение падает на второй слог с конца □ ■ □	De'velop, con'sider, i'magine, de'termine, re'member.

1. Read the adjectives according to the pattern:

a) ■ □ □

evident elegant competent consequent

confident different eminent prominent

talkative tentative primitive negative

practical minimal criminal vertical

poisonous vigorous frivolous critical

b) □ ■ □ □

repetitive competitive anonymous analogous

accusative demonstrative alternative affirmative

electrical grammatical syntactical mechanical

c) □ □ ■ □ □

interrogative chronological analytical agricultural

alphabetical arithmetical economical astronomical

d) □ ■ □

important dependent intensive expensive

inactive impulsive impressive aggressive

offensive compressive enormous amorphous

2. Read the adjectives with suffixes -able and -ary according to the pattern:

a) ■ □ □

visible sensible flexible possible

usable suitable stretchable washable

durable curable portable

b) □ □ ■ □ □

elementary rudimentary documentary

introductory complimentary satisfactory

c) ■ □ □ □

military literary secretary sanitary

customary temporary vulnerable preferable

3. Read the verbs according to the pattern ■ □ □. Mind the pronunciation of the suffixes [eit], [aiz] and [ai].

a) allocate animate advocate actuate

navigate aspirate operate infiltrate

aggravate fabricate activate formulate

b) advertise summarise analyse utilise

improvise galvanise colonise organize

fertilize atomise carbonise mechanise

c) fortify justify mystify simplify

amplify terrify magnify multiply

nullify occupy purify dignify

4. Put the verbs from the exercise 3 into the –ing form and read them.

5. Form nouns from the verbs from exercise 3 using the suffix ‑er/‑or and read them.

6. Read the verbs according to the pattern

a) □ □ ■

interlock overlap understand interrupt

interfere intercept supersede undermine

represent disappear recommend disappoint

correspond disconnect overcome disapprove

b) □ ■ □

develop determine consider deposit

afforest remember establish continue

abandon imagine imprison inhabit

astonish diminish prohibit embarrass

7. Put the stress and read the adjectives. Consult the dictionary if necessary.

Fragmentary, remarkable, irreparable, responsible, retractable, understandable, preliminary, compulsory, transportable, convertible, readable, avoidable, available, explainable, applicable, navigable, considerable

8. Find the odd word, according to the stress pattern.

1) perceptible economic approximate particular

2) imitable enormous persistent dependant

3) successive negative primitive talkative

4) average poisonous atomic eminent

5) prominent important elegant confident

6) optimistic comparable respectable detachable

7) universal acrobatic automatic analogous

8) ventilate understand summarize purify

9) interrupt overlook correspond circulate

10) establish continue colonise embarrass

11) assemble deliver develop interfere

9. Letters and Sounds (revision). Find a way from Start to Finish. You may pass a square only if the word in it has the sound [au]. You can move horizontally or vertically only.

START

house	sound	group	about	mouth	cow
soup	out	brown	mouse	bought	south
could	couple	grow	low	would	cloud
know	snow	touch	ought	down	count
thought	should	slow	blow	pound	young
soul	country	though	throw	town	round

FINISH

10. Write the words from the box in the correct column according to their stress patterns.

economics economy physics chemistry

mathematics sociology history geology

photography nation nationality geometry

■ □	■ □ □	□ ■ □ □	□ □ ■ □ □	□ □ ■ □

11. Fill the gaps with a word from the box which has the stress pattern given. There is one extra word. Then listen and check.

biology mathematics history geography

Sociology chemistry physics

My favourite subjects at school were sciences, especially ■ □ □_____ and □ ■ □ □____. I’ve always been good with numbers, so I was good at □ □ ■ □_______. I didn’t really like the social science subjects like □ □ ■ □ □_______, and ■ □ □_____, that’s strange because when I went to university I did □ ■ □ □____.

• 12. There are ‘families’ of words with moving stress patterns. Listen and repeat.

'photograph pho'tography photo'graphic

e'conomy eco'nomics eco'nomical

'national natio'nality 'nationalise nationali'sation

'civil ci'vility 'civilise civili'sation

• 13. Write in the word which is missing from the family. Then listen, check and repeat.

Model: society, sociology (□ □ ■ □ □), sociological

1) civil, civilise, __________ (□ □ □ ■ □)

2) _________ (□ ■ □ □), biologist, biological

3) personal, _________ (□ □ ■ □ □), personalise

4) legal, legalise, _____________ (□ □ □ ■ □)

5) _______ (■ □), authority, authorise