МЕТОДА 2 КУРС 3 СЕМЕСТР / Контрольные работы_(АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК)

Контрольная работа №2

Вариант 1

Maria Sklodowska-Curie

She was the first two-time Nobel laureate and the only person who was able to win the award in two different sciences. She was the first woman who managed to win a Nobel Prize. Marie Curie was the first female professor at the Sorbonne.

Maria Sklodowska was the daughter of Polish schoolteachers. She had to teach when her father had lost his savings through a bad investment. She also participated in the nationalist “free university,” in which she read in Polish to women workers. Maria had an older sister whom she supported in Paris, working as a governess in Poland. She met and married Pierre Curie when she had studied science at the Sorbonne.

They studied radioactive materials, particularly the ore pitchblende. On December 26, 1898, the Curies announced the existence of an unknown radioactive substance which they had found in pitchblende and it was more radioactive than uranium. Over the course of several years, Marie and Pierre had processed tons of pitchblende. When they progressively concentrated the radioactive substances they had been able to eventually isolate the chloride salts (radium chloride was isolated on April 20, 1902). They discovered two new chemical elements. "Polonium" was named for Curie's native country, Poland, and "radium" was named for its intense radioactivity.

In 1903, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie, and Henri Becquerel were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena which had been discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel." This made Curie the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize.

In 1911 Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element".

The Curies did not patent the radium isolation process, they had chosen to allow the scientific community freely continue research. Marie Curie died from aplastic anemia, almost certainly from unshielded exposure to hard radiation.

I. Изучение лексики

a. Переведите и запомните следующие термины:

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b. Прочитайте и переведите без словаря следующие слова:

6. polonium

II.Лексические задания

1.Найдите в тексте и выпишите имена существительные с суффиксами –er, -ness, -ence, ity, -tion.

2.Образуйте прилагательные от следующих существительных, выделите использованные суффиксы:

Poland, science, nation, chemistry, radiation.

3. Укажите глаголы, от которых были образованны следующие существительные:

schoolteacher, investment, worker, processing, isolation, recognition, concentration, researcher, discovery.

4. Сгруппируйте следующие слова по частям речи: а) имена существительные; б) имена прилагательные; в) наречия:

person, teacher, particularly, radioactive, pitchblende, several, radioactivity, governess, recognition, extraordinary, compounds, phenomena, radiation, service, older, joint, advancement, remarkable, discovery, anemia, scientific.

III. Грамматические задания

1.Найдите в тексте предложения в Past Simple Tense и образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

2.Найдите в тексте предложения в Perfect Tense, укажите сказуемое и определите его полную видовременную форму.

3.Выпишите все сказуемые в Past Simple Tense и образуйте от них Past Perfect Tense.

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4.Найдите в тексте и выпишите предложения, в которых употреблены эквиваленты модальных глаголов can, may, have to и измените их по временам группы Perfect.

5.Найдите в тексте и выпишите предложения, употребленные в пассивном залоге; определите их полную видовременную форму, образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

6.Найдите в тексте все предложения, в которых употреблен глагол to have и определите его функцию (основная, вспомогательная, модальная).

IV. Речевые задания

1. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1)What did Maria’s parents do?

2)Why did she work as a governess in Poland?

3)Where did Maria study science?

4)What did Maria and Pierre study?

5)When were they able to isolate the chloride salts?

6)What made Curie the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize?

7)When was Marie Curie awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry?

8)Why did not the Curies patent the radium isolation process?

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст о Марии Склодовской-Кюри.

Контрольная работа №2 Вариант 2

Francis William Aston

Francis Aston was born in September 1877 at Harborne, England. He was educated at Harborne Vicarage School and Malvern College where his interest in science was aroused. In 1894 he entered Masn College, where he studied chemistry and physics. His winning of the Forster Scholarship in 1898 enabled him to work on the optical properties of tartaric acid derivatives; the results of this work were published in 1901. Leaving academic life for a time, he has to have worked for three years as a chemist in the laboratory of a brewery.

In 1903 he obtained a scholarship in Birmingham University (as it had now become) to work on the properties of the Crookes Dark Space in discharge tubes. Within a short time he had discovered the phenomenon which is known as the Aston Dark Space

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This research was interrupted by the War of 1914-1918, during this time Aston had worked at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, where he studied the effect of atmospheric conditions on aeroplane fabrics and dopes (i.e. synthetic coatings).

Returning to the Cavendish Laboratory in 1919, he again attacked the problem of the separation of the isotopes of neon. He quickly achieved success in this by his invention of the mass spectrograph, an apparatus in which the ingenious use of electromagnetic focusing enabled him to utilize the very slight differences in mass of the two isotopes to effect their separation. From the results of this work he was able to formulate the so-called Whole Number Rule which states that, the mass of the oxygen isotope being defined, all the other isotopes have masses that are very nearly whole numbers.

He observed and was able to measure those deviations from the Whole Number Rule which were to become so important in the field of atomic energy.

The results of his work were published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society and in the Philosophical Magazine.

Aston was elected to a Fellowship at Trinity College in 1920, he also received the Mackenzie Davidson Medal of the Röntgen Society. In 1921 he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society and was awarded the Society's Hughes Medal the following year, the same year that he received the Nobel Prize. The John Scott and the Paterno medals were given to him in 1923, the Royal medal in 1938, and he was Duddell medalist of the Physical Society in 1941.

He died at Cambridge on November 20, 1945.

I. Изучение лексики

a. Переведите и запомните следующие термины:

b. Прочитайтеи переведитебез словаряследующиеслова:

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II. Лексические задания

1.Найдите в тексте и выпишите имена существительные с суффиксами –tion, -ship, -ment, -er, ist.

2.Образуйте прилагательные от следующих существительных, выделите использованные суффиксы:

optic, chemistry, atom, tartar, interest, charge, physics, election, philosophy.

3. Укажите глаголы, от которых были образованны следующие существительные:

education, entrance, worker, discharge, evacuation, discovery, existence, separation, invention, difference, measurement.

4. Сгруппируйте следующие слова по частям речи: а) имена существительные; б) имена прилагательные; в) наречия:

college, optical, tartaric, tube, problem, definite, atmospheric, electromagnetic, slight, synthetic, important, chemical, naturally, year, dark, war, ingenious, rule, isotope, difference, quickly.

III. Грамматические задания

1.Найдите в тексте предложения в Past Simple Tense и образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

2.Найдите в тексте предложения в Perfect Tense, укажите сказуемое и определите его полную видовременную форму.

3.Выпишите все сказуемые в Past Simple Tense и образуйте от них Past Perfect Tense.

4.Найдите в тексте и выпишите предложения, в которых употреблены эквиваленты модальных глаголов can, may, have to и измените их по временам группы Perfect.

5.Найдите в тексте и выпишите предложения, употребленные в пассивном залоге; определите их полную видовременную форму, образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

6.Найдите в тексте все предложения, в которых употреблен глагол to have и определите его функцию (основная, вспомогательная, модальная).

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IV. Речевые задания

1. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1)When and where was Francis William Aston born?

2)Where was he educated?

3)How many years has he to have worked as a chemist in the laboratory of brewery?

4)Why did he obtain a scholarship in Birmingham university?

5)Where had he worked during the War of 1914 – 1918?

6)What problem did he attack in 1919?

7)When was Aston awarded the Nobel Prize?

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст о Френсисе Астоне.

Контрольная работа №2

Вариант 3

Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford was born in Brightwater, near Nelson, New Zealand, on August 30, 1871. His father was a farmer. Ernest did well in school and earned scholarships first to Nelson College and later to Canterbury Collage in Christchurch.

In 1885, his first year at Cambridge, Rutherford worked with Thomson on the electrical conductivity of air in the presence of newly discovered X-rays. Rutherford and Thomson were able to demonstrate that X-rays cause air molecules to break apart and become ions. The movement of these particles produced the current observed in their experiments.

In 1898, Rutherford accepted an appointment as professor of physics at McGill University in Montreal. McGill had well-equipped laboratories that included one of the world’s largest supplies of radioactive materials. Rutherford soon launched research on the topic that was to become his major interest for the next 40 years: nuclear physics.

In 1899 he found that radiation from radioactive materials consist of at least two types that differ from each other on the basis of their penetrating power and their behavior in the presence of electrical and magnetic fields. He named the two forms of radiation alpha rays and beta rays. A year later, he identified a third form of radiation that is unaffected by electrical or magnetic fields and that is even more penetrating than alpha and beta radiation. He called this third form of radiation gamma rays.

After 1905, Rutherford turned his attention to the nature of alpha radiation. He showed that an alpha particle is identical to a helium atom without its electrons, that is, a helium nucleus.

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Rutherford had the idea of using alpha particles to knock protons out of nuclei. He bombarded nitrogen gas with alpha particles. He found that protons were produced in the reaction. He concluded that alpha particles had entered the nitrogen nucleus, broken apart, thrown out a proton, and left behind an oxygen nucleus of mass 17. This experiment was the first example of a nuclear transformation accomplished by synthetic means.

In 1907 he accepted a position at Manchester University. He remained at Manchester until 1919 when he replaced Thomson as director of the Cavendish Laboratories and become a professor of physics at Cambridge.

I. Изучение лексики

a. Переведите и запомните следующие термины:

b. Прочитайтеи переведитебез словаряследующиеслова:

II.Лексические задания

1.Найдите в тексте и выпишите имена существительные с суффиксами -er, - ship, -ity, -ence, -ment, -or, -tion, -ture.

2.Образуйте прилагательные от следующих существительных, выделите использованные суффиксы:

presence, molecule, experiment, nature, gas.

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3. Укажите глаголы, от которых были образованны следующие существительные:

research, conductivity, appointment, radiation, reaction, transformation.

4. Сгруппируйте следующие слова по частям речи: а) имена существительные; б) имена прилагательные; в) наречия:

Scholarship, conductivity, newly, presence, demonstrate, experiment, physics, topic, nuclear, largest, radiation, radioactive, differ, magnetic, identify, nature, identical, replace.

III. Грамматические задания

1.Найдите в тексте предложения в Past Simple Tense и образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

2.Найдите в тексте предложения в Perfect Tense, укажите сказуемое и определите его полную видовременную форму.

3.Выпишите все сказуемые в Past Simple Tense и образуйте от них Past Perfect Tense.

4.Найдите в тексте и выпишите предложения, в которых употреблены эквиваленты модальных глаголов.

5.Найдите в тексте и выпишите предложения с глаголами в страдательном залоге, определите их полную видовременную форму, образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

6.Найдите в тексте все предложения, в которых употреблен глагол to be и определите его функцию (основная, вспомогательная, модальная).

IV. Речевые задания

1. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1)When and where was Rutherford born?

2)What was his father?

3)When did he begin to work at Cambridge?

4)What research did he carry on with Thompson?

5)What appointment did he accept in 1898?

6)In what field did he begin to work at McGill University?

7)What forms of radiation did he discover and how did he name them?

8)What did he find out about an alpha particle?

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9)What experiment was the first example of a nuclear transformation accomplished by synthetic means?

10)Where did he work after 1919?

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст об Эрнесте Резерфорде.

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Контрольнаяработа №3

Вариант 1

Periodic Table and Periodic Law

1.Познакомимся с определением Периодической таблицы в англоязычной энциклопедии:

Periodic table – arrangement of the chemical elements in order of their atomic numbers in accordance with the periodic law first stated by Dmitri Mendeleyev in 1869. In the modern form of the table, the elements are arranged into 18 vertical columns and 7 horizontal periods. The vertical columns containing groups are numbered I to III with a final column numbered 0.

The metallic transition elements are arranged in the middle of the table between groups II and III. Alkali metals are in group I and alkaline-earth metals in group II. Metalloids and nonmetals are found from groups III to VII, with the halogens in group VII and the noble gases (inert gases) collected into group 0.

The elements in each group have the same number of valence electrons and accordingly have similar chemical properties. Elements in the same horizontal period have the same number of electron shells.

At present time there is hardly anybody who doesn't know Russian scientist D.I.Mendeleyev and his Periodic Law. It is Mendeleyev's greatest discovery. In his publication of 1871 (Periodic Law) Mendeleyev used the periodic character to predict the properties of the elements which were a periodic function of their atomic masses. Mendeleyev's Periodic Law opened a new era in the history of chemistry.

In more than a hundred years of its existence the Periodic Law did not lose its significance. At the time when Mendeleyev published his Table only 63 elements were known. He left vacant positions in the Table for yet undiscovered elements and expressed the opinion that the chemical and physical properties of the elements would be discovered, as he predicted, from their positions in the table. Now 104 elements are known. The world is thankful to D.I.Menedeleyev for his great contribution to the world science.

I. Изучениелексики

а. Переведите и запомните следующие термины:

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