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Файл:Презентации по физике атмосфере на английском / 24-Clouds.ppt
dmdz 4 R2 dRdz
Parameter a |
4 R2 dR |
3 dR C |
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is |
a |
dz |
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entrainment |
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4 R3 |
R dz |
R |
index |
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3 |
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R R0 z |
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According to measurements (with radar)
C3 dRdz
dRdz 0.2...0.25
For practical purposes we can adopt it as a constant.
3 |
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a R |
Since const, a a(R) only. |
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R 0 a 0 |
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R 0 a 0 |
21 |
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Chimney clouds diurnal and annual variation
Maximal occurrence between 9 a.m. and 7 p.m.
97% |
85% Cu |
Cu |
67% Cb
51% Cb
Over |
Over |
planes |
mountains |
Maximal development
Cu |
Cb |
Cb |
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1-2 p.m. |
2-4 p.m. |
5-7 p.m. |
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Over planes |
Over |
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Over |
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and |
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planes |
mountains |
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mountains |
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Maximal occurrence (48%) is in summer, 17% - in autumn, 5% - in winter, and 30 % - in spring.
22
Mountain thunderstorm in San Juan Mountains (Whiteman ppt)
Whiteman (2000)
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