
- •Unit 2. Computer architecture
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 2
- •Introductory reading
- •Text a. Computer architecture
- •Post-reading Activity
- •Text 2b
- •Cache memory
- •How a disk cache works
- •Grammar review.
- •Past forms.
- •Present perfect and past simple
- •I have done I did
- •Present perfect continuous and present perfect
- •I have been doing I have done
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Speaking/writing
Task 2. Answer the following questions.
1. What types of computers varying in size and power do you know? 2. Can we speak about a “computer revolution” with the invention of personal computers? Why? 3. What is the most important part of a computer? 4. What is referred to as the CPU? 5. Give five examples of input devices (five examples of output devices). 6. How are signals carried to different parts of a computer? 7. Where can you find the CPU and storage devices in a desktop computer? 8. What external device may a portable computer use? 9. What is the function of storage? 10. What is a hard disk? 11. How does a hard disk function? 12. Where is a barcode reader used? 13. In what storage devices is laser light used? 14. What factors are to be taken into account when buying a computer?
Task 3. Find the English equivalents for the following Russian word combination.
1.Средство связи; 2. шина данных; 3. устройство ввода; 4. запоминающее устройство; 5. устройство считывания штрихового кода; 6. магистраль системного блока; 7. ручной компьютер; 8. адрес ячейки памяти; 9. универсальная головка; 10. быстродействующая буферная память; 11. гибкий диск; 12. память с произвольной выборкой
Task 4. Match each item in Column A with its function in Column B.
A Item
B Function
RAM
processor
mouse
clock
3.5// floppy drive
monitor
keyboard
DVD-ROM drive
cache
ROM
controls the cursor
inputs data through keys like a typewriter
displays the output from a computer on a screen
reads DVD-ROMs
reads and writes to removable magnetic disks
holds instructions which are needed to start up the computer
holds data read or written to it by the processor
provides extremely fast access for sections of a program and its data
controls the timing of signals in the computer
controls all the operations in a computer
Task 5. Mark the following as True or False.
1. The function of a hard disk drive is to delete all the files stored on a disk. 2. Swipe cards are used to provide a secure means of identifying authorised users of many different facilities such as banks, libraries, and computer labs. 3. A supercomputer is used for processing small amounts of data. 4. Barcodes provide computer readable information on a product so that it can be identified and priced automatically. 5. A cache holds the program instructions and settings required to start up the computer. 6. The capacity of memory is determined by the period of the time required for the signals to travel the distance from the memory to the arithmetic/logic unit. 7. A mainframe computer is designed to be used on an office desk and to be operated by a single user.
Task 6. Complete each sentence choosing the correct preposition from the box.
outside, between, into, in, from, to, from, along, into, from, inside, into, across, to, from, to, into
1. The CPU is a large chip ......... the computer. 2. Data always flows ......... the CPU ......... the address bus. 3. The CPU can be divided ......... three parts. 4. Data flows ......... the CPU and the memory. 5. Peripherals are devices ......... the computer but linked ......... it. 6. The signal moves ......... the VDU screen ......... one side ......... the other. 7. The CPU puts the address ......... the address bus. 8. The CPU can fetch data ......... memory ......... the data bus. 9. A program is read ......... disk .......... memory. 10. The hard disk drive is ......... a sealed case. 11. Tracks are divided ......... sectors.
Task 7. Give the appropriate translation to the Russian words.
1. There are also компьютеры общего назначения in the office, at home, and at school. 2. Twenty or thirty years ago, most books on computers описывали большие, мощные машины, because they were the most common. 3. The basic parts of персонального компьютера for the home are микропроцессор и клавиатура. 4. All of these disk platters inside the sealed case вращаются с одной и той же скоростью, but each disk has its own головку считывания-записи. 5. Гибкие диски are a form of переносного запоминающего устройства that can be inserted into a computer’s дисковод. 6. Typically, каждый байт хранит один символ, using the same метод двоичного кодирования practiced in primary coding. 7. Интегральная схема constituted another важный шаг in the growth of computer technology. 8. The method of обработки данных as well as имеющиеся в наличии периферийные устройства define computer generations. 9. Разносторонность and convenience of the microprocessor has altered всю архитектуру of modern computer systems. 10. The speed of modern computers is the speed of обращения к памяти.
Task 8. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Компьютер представляет собой устройство, способное исполнять четко определенную последовательность операций, предписанную программой. 2. Процессор, память и периферийные устройства взаимодействуют между собой с помощью шин, стандартизация которых делает архитектуру компьютера открытой. 3. Внутренняя память подразделяется на оперативную, информация в которой может изменяться процессором в любой момент времени, и постоянную, информацию которой процессор может только считывать. 4. Периферийные устройства связывают компьютер с внешним миром, и без них он был бы «вещью в себе». 5. Архитектурный облик PC-совместимого компьютера определяется рядом свойств, обеспечивающих возможность функционирования программного обеспечения, управляющего периферийным оборудованием. 6. Кэширование основной памяти для современных процессоров является средством весьма существенного повышения производительности системы. 7. Пластины (platter) дисков могут быть гибкими или жесткими, но в любом случае их материал не должен сильно изменять свой размер со временем и под действием перепадов температур.
Text 2b
Task. 9. Find the answers to these questions in the following texts.
What is one of the main causes of a PC not running at its highest potential speed?
What word in the text is used instead of ‘buffer’?
What device looks after cache coherency?
What is the main alternative to ‘write-through cache’?
When does a write-back cache write its contents back to main memory?
When is data marked as ‘dirty’ in a write-back cache?
What determines what data is replaced in a disk cache?