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Building

Participle 1

Причастие 1

  1. строящийся

  2. строя

формальные маркеры;

when (while) building

при строительстве

строя

когда (пока) строят

The working motor (какой?)-работающий мотор

Applying the method the technologists will get the results desired - Применяя метод технологи получат желаемые результаты (ф.обст.)

being built

  1. строящийся (который строится)

  2. будучи построенный (т.к., когда строится)

having builtпостроив,

когда построили

Verbal noun

Отглагольное существительное

здание

строительство

формальные маркеры:

артикли a, the

Vings – множественное число

Gerund

Герундий

1. строить

2. строительство

маркеры:

глагол + ing-форма

предлог + ing-форма

переводится:

предлог +сущест.

деепричастие (а, я, ав, ив)

the working model (для чего?) – рабочая модель, модель для работы

Applying the method will give the results desired – Применение этого метода даст желаемые результат

Read the presented texts and find main ideas using the following expressions:

The text is about …

At the beginning of the text the author stresses (underlines, points out) that …

Then the author describes smth (suggests, states that) …

After that the author passes on to (description of, statement of, analysis of …}

At the end of the text the author comes to the conclusion (pays attention to the fact) that…

The open door policy

The American company, IBM, believes in creating good working conditions for its employees and in building up employee-manager relationships. One of its key policies is its Open Door programme.

This policy was started by IBM's founder and first Chairman, T. J. Watson, about fifty years ago. Watson had close contacts with staff working in the plant and field offices. Therefore, staff often brought their problems to him. Using telephone broads casts, Watson told his staff that they should go first to their plant or branch manager if they felt they were being unfairly treated. But if they were still not satisfied, they should come to him.

Many of his staff took advantage of his offer. Some would take a day off work, leaving the plant in Endicott to go to see Watson in his office in New York City. He would give them a sympathetic hearing, often deciding in favour of the employee who had complained. By the time he left the company, Watson had become a trusted friend to thousands of IBM employees.

Today, the Open Door policy is still practised by IBМ. The programme works like this: if employees think they have been unfairly treated by their immediate manager, they can appeal to a higher level of management to solve the problem. In fact, they can go to higher and higher levels of management if they wish. Alternatively, they can take their case directly to an executive director. In practice, some cases are taken to senior management and executive management level; others are resolved py the immediate manager's manager. Staff may raise any subject they wish. Generally, appeals are about promotions, relations with immediate managers, and assessments of staff performance.

In recent years, there have been 20-25 Open Door appeals dealt with by executive management annually. The employee's appeal has been favourably received in a quarter of those cases.